《愤怒的葡萄》中的原型分析
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摘要
本文旨在探讨并阐述《愤怒的葡萄》的内在原型特征。在《愤怒的葡萄》中存在着大量圣经原型。根据诺斯洛普.弗莱对原型的定义,笔者认为这些材料在约翰.斯坦贝克笔下作为原型再次出现。这些原型以意象、人物形象、叙述方式和母题的象征等形式出现,它们相互之间具有普遍的结构关联。这决定了《愤怒的葡萄》主题思想上的内在一致性,塑造了其总体艺术风貌,左右着其美学功能的体现。本文共分三部分六章。
在第一部分(第一、二章),作者简单回顾了国内外对这部小说的评论,指出从原型批评角度分析这部小说的可能性。同时也说明论文写作的必要性和可行性,介绍神话原型批评理论的来源并阐述弗莱原型批评理论,说明从原型角度研究《愤怒的葡萄》的内在依据及重要性。
第二部分(第三、四、五章)是本论文的核心部分。它们是人物形象原型、叙述模式原型和主题原型。按照其在原型系统中发挥作用的重要性加以排列。每一部分是一个自足的单元,但又具有其在整体结构中的关联性。
第三部分是论文的结尾部分。简要归总了论文主要研究成果及其学术价值,并指出了不足和有待继续研究和探讨的问题。
The primary concern of the present thesis is with the archetypal qualities of The Grapes of Wrath. John Steinbeck constantly uses references and allusions from Greek mythology and Bible. According to Northrop Frye’s definition of archetype, there exist archetypal images, figures, narrative patterns and themes. They play vital roles in the novel. The seemingly fragmentary and casual archetypes form a structural relevance, which determines the interior consistence of the theme of The Grapes of Wrath, and created the distinctive aesthetic function. The assignment of this thesis goes into three parts, which is further divided into six chapters.
The first part (chapter 1 and chapter 2), I simply review the literature about the study of this novel abroad and in china. I find that few critics have analyzed this novel by the theory of archetypal criticism. And in this part it gives a comprehensive view of the necessity, importance and feasibility of the study of the archetypal qualities in the novel. I examine the present archetypal system in which the recurrent archetype from the Bible can be explained relevantly. Frye’s archetypal critical theory is presented too.
The second part, is the center of the thesis, includes chapter3, chapter 4and chapter 5. Based on the critical strategy of Archetypal Criticism, and the textual contents of The Grapes of Wrath, the second part elucidates the internal structure of the archetypal system with archetypal character, archetypal narrative pattern, and archetypal motif. Each of them is an autonomous unit, but each has its relevance with one another.
In the third part, a conclusion of this thesis is drawn. It shows the main finding of this thesis. Also there exist the limitations of this study: the lack of materials and limited time and personal ability on the author’s part. At last the author gives a piece of advice for a further and sophisticated study on the archetypes in this novel.
在第一部分(第一、二章),作者简单回顾了国内外对这部小说的评论,指出从原型批评角度分析这部小说的可能性。同时也说明论文写作的必要性和可行性,介绍神话原型批评理论的来源并阐述弗莱原型批评理论,说明从原型角度研究《愤怒的葡萄》的内在依据及重要性。
第二部分(第三、四、五章)是本论文的核心部分。它们是人物形象原型、叙述模式原型和主题原型。按照其在原型系统中发挥作用的重要性加以排列。每一部分是一个自足的单元,但又具有其在整体结构中的关联性。
第三部分是论文的结尾部分。简要归总了论文主要研究成果及其学术价值,并指出了不足和有待继续研究和探讨的问题。
The primary concern of the present thesis is with the archetypal qualities of The Grapes of Wrath. John Steinbeck constantly uses references and allusions from Greek mythology and Bible. According to Northrop Frye’s definition of archetype, there exist archetypal images, figures, narrative patterns and themes. They play vital roles in the novel. The seemingly fragmentary and casual archetypes form a structural relevance, which determines the interior consistence of the theme of The Grapes of Wrath, and created the distinctive aesthetic function. The assignment of this thesis goes into three parts, which is further divided into six chapters.
The first part (chapter 1 and chapter 2), I simply review the literature about the study of this novel abroad and in china. I find that few critics have analyzed this novel by the theory of archetypal criticism. And in this part it gives a comprehensive view of the necessity, importance and feasibility of the study of the archetypal qualities in the novel. I examine the present archetypal system in which the recurrent archetype from the Bible can be explained relevantly. Frye’s archetypal critical theory is presented too.
The second part, is the center of the thesis, includes chapter3, chapter 4and chapter 5. Based on the critical strategy of Archetypal Criticism, and the textual contents of The Grapes of Wrath, the second part elucidates the internal structure of the archetypal system with archetypal character, archetypal narrative pattern, and archetypal motif. Each of them is an autonomous unit, but each has its relevance with one another.
In the third part, a conclusion of this thesis is drawn. It shows the main finding of this thesis. Also there exist the limitations of this study: the lack of materials and limited time and personal ability on the author’s part. At last the author gives a piece of advice for a further and sophisticated study on the archetypes in this novel.
引文
Beegel et al, eds. Steinbeck and the Environment: Interdisciplinary Approaches [C]. Tusscaloosa : University of Alabama Press, 1997, p.19
Brain·Railsback. Parallel Expeditions : Chales Darwin and the Art of John Steinbeck [M]. University of Idaho Press, 1995, p. 10
David·Wyatt, ed. New Essay on The Grapes of Wrath [C]. Cambridge : Cambridge University Press, 1990, p.7, p.10
Edumund·Wilson.“The Boys in the Back Room : Notes on California Novelists [M]. San Francisco: Colt Press. 1941, p.42, p.50, p.52
Eliade·Mircea“Pattern in Comparative Religion”1963, p.210
Frederick·Hoffman“The Modern Novel in America: 1900-1950 [M]. Chicago: Herry Regenery Company 1951, p.160, p.153
Good New Bible : subsequent references to Bible in this chapter are all from King James version Oklahoma Press, 1966, p.105
Joseph·R·McElrath et al. eds. John Steinbeck: The comtemporary Review [C], Cambridge, Cambridge University Press. 1996, p.167
Joseph·Blotner. The Modern American Political Novel : 1900-1960 [M] Austin : The University of Texas Press, 1966, pp.8-9
Jr·Tedlock et al, eds. Steinbeck and His Critics. New Mexico [C], University of New Mexcio Press. 1957. p.xxxiv, p. 225, p.120
Jung·Carl. Psychology and Literature. In 20th Century Literary Criticism. Longman et Singapore Publishers. Pte. Ltd. 1996 p.115, p.118, p.136, p.437
Julia·Ward·Howe, Battle Hymn of the Republic 1859. The poem is also an anthem song frequently during the Civil War and the World War II in the United States of America.
M·H·Abrams, A Glossary of Literary Terms [M]. BeiJing : Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press, 2004. p.12
Northrop·Frye,“Anatomy of Criticism : Four Essays Princeton,NJ. : Promceton U.P., 1957. Most of my disscussion refers to Frye’s third essay,“Archetypal Criticism : Theroy of Myth”, p.131-239, p. 366, p.291, p.111-112, p.136
Northrop·Frye,“The Great Code: the Bible and Literature.”San Dieg et New York et London: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, Publishers, 1982,p.48
Northrop·Frye Fable of Identity: Studies in Poetic Mythology [M] New York, 1963, p.1
Peter·Lisca“The Wide World of John Steinbeck”[M] Rutgers University Press. 1958. p. 294
Piere·Brinal,“Companion to Literary Myths, Heroes and Archetypes.”London and New York, 1992, p.586
Richard·Hardin, F.“Archetypal Criticism in Contemporary Literary Theory.”The University of Massachusetts Press, 1989, p.52
Steinbeck·John“The Grapes of Wrath”New York 2000, p.1, p.17, p.24, p.27, pp.28-29, pp.78-85, p.88, p.99, p.107, p.114, p.149, p.231, p.298, p.404, p.407, p.408, p.423,pp.448-449, p.478, p.482, p.542, p.543, p. 545
The New Testament [M] HongKong : Bible Society, 1989. Luck 23.p.171, p.29
Warren·French, ed.“A Companion to The Grapes of Wrath”[C]. New York, Viking. 1963.p. 109
Western Literary Criticism. Dalian Foreign Language Institute Publication 1997, p.164, p.165-166, pp.176-178
W·H·Auden . The Quest Hero, in Perspective in Comtemporary Criticism, ed. Shelden Norman Grebstein [C]. New York : Harper and Row 1968, pp.370-371
William·K·Wimsatt, Jr. and Cleanth·Brooks, Literary Criticism: A Short History [M]. New York, 1957
http://www. edu.cnki.net
www. hrw.org/hrw/summaries/s,israel-lebaron 979.html
常耀信.美国文学简史[M]天津:南开大学出版社, 2003, p.275
董衡龚.“论斯坦贝克的兴与衰”,《外国文学评论》, 2006/3
段雪梅.陈绍.“斯坦贝克小说《愤怒的葡萄》中的意象”,石家庄经济学院学报, 2005/6
付勇.“《愤怒的葡萄》中的《圣经》隐喻”[J].天津师大学报, 2005/6
宫玉波.梁亚平.“不可战胜的女性----《愤怒的葡萄》中乔德妈妈和罗撒香形象分析”, 宁师范大学学报(社会科学版), 2005/1
胡开杰.“《愤怒的葡萄》----标题象征意义浅谈”,南京理工大学学报, 2006/3
李征戎.“愤怒的写实---评斯坦贝克的《愤怒的葡萄》”,外国文学研究, 2005/6
刘意清.《圣经》的文学阐释:理论与实践[M].北京:北京大学出版社,2004
任群.“人性处处闪光彩---析《愤怒的葡萄》中的人性魅力”,黑河学刊, 2005/5
生世贤.“思想内容与艺术结构的完整统一----评斯坦贝克小说《愤怒的葡萄》”,山东外语教学, 2004/2
田俊武.“国内外斯坦贝克研究的进展和缺失”[J].四川外语学院学报,2005/2
王屹论.“《愤怒的葡萄》复调小说”,国外文学, 2006/4
温洁霞,“《愤怒的葡萄》中的《圣经》典故与象征意义”,外国文学研究, 2002/2
相华利.“论《愤怒的葡萄》中的女权主义思想”,宿州师专学报,2005/4
谢金良.《西方文学典故词典》[C].北京:中国展望出版社,1986
肖锦文.“愤怒中觉醒的人们---论斯坦贝克的《愤怒的葡萄》”,厦门大学
肖鸣旦.朱景华.“现代‘大迁徙’----析《愤怒的葡萄》叙事结构的圣经意象”, 井山师范学院学报, 2004/4
杨靖.“主体章节与辅助篇章的巧妙结合---《愤怒的葡萄》结构分析”,名作欣赏,2007/5
朱立元.《当代西方文艺理论》[M].上海,华东师范大学出版社,2003
吴丽.“从‘我’到‘我们’----论《愤怒的葡萄》的主题”,南京师范大学
张中载.“原型批评”[J].外国文学, 2003/1
Abrams,M.H. A Glossary of Literary Terms [M]. Beijing: Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press, 2004.
Auden,W.H. The Quest Hero, in Perspective in Contemporary Criticism, ed. Shelden Norman Grebstein [C]. New York : Harper and Row 1968, pp.370-371
Blotner, Joseph. The Modern American Political Novel: 1900-1960 [M] Austin: The University of Texas Press, 1966
Brinal, Piere.“Companion to Literary Myths, Heroes and Archetypes.”London and New York, 1992
Carl, Jung. Psychology and Literature. In 20th Century Literary Criticism. Longman et Singapore Publishers. Pte. Ltd. 1996
French, Warren.“A Companion to The Grapes of Wrath”[C]. New York, Viking. 1963.p.109
Frye, Northrop.“Anatomy of Criticism: Four Essays Princeton,NJ. : Promceton U.P., 1957. Most of my discussion refers to Frye’s third essay, “Archetypal Criticism: Theory of Myth”
Frye, Northrop.“The Great Code: the Bible and Literature.”San Dieg New York et London: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, Publishers, 1982
Frye, Northrop. Fable of Identity: Studies in Poetic Mythology [M] New York, 1963
Hardin, Richard F.“Archetypal Criticism in Contemporary Literary Theory.”The University of Massachusetts Press, 1989
Hoffman, Frederick“The Modern Novel in America: 1900-1950 [M]. Chicago: Herry.Regenery Company, 1951
Howe, Julia W. Battle Hymn of the Republic 1859. The poem is also an anthem song frequently during the Civil War and the World War II in the United States of America.
James, King. Good New Bible Thomas Nelson publish, 1977
James, King. The New Testament International Bible Society, 1972
John , Steinbeck.“The Grapes of Wrath”New York 2000
Jung , C.G. The Archetypes and The Collective Unconscious [C], translated by R.F.C.Hull. Beijing:China Social Science Publishing House, 1998
Lisca , Peter.“The Wide World of John Steinbeck”[M] Rutgers University Press. 1958.
McElrath, Joseph. John Steinbeck: The contemporary Review [C], Cambridge, Cambridge University Press. 1996
Milne, Gordon. The American Political Novel [M] Norman: The University of Oklahoma Press, 1966
Mircea, Eliade.“Pattern in Comparative Religion”1963
Railsback, Brain. Parallel Expeditions: Charles Darwin and the Art of John Steinbeck [M]. University of Idaho Press, 1995
Raman, Selden. et al. Reader’s Guide to Contemporary Literary Theory [M]. Beijing, Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press 2004
Tedlock, Jr. Eds. Steinbeck and His Critics. New Mexico [C], University of New Mexico Press. 1957
Wang Zuoliang . European Culture: An Introduction [M]. Beijing: Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press, 1992
Western Literary Criticism. Dalian Foreign Language Institute Publication 1997, p.164, p.165-166, pp.176-178
Wilson, Edmund.“The Boys in the Back Room : Notes on California Novelists [M]. San Francisco: Colt Press. 1941
Wimsatt, William K. and Brooks, Cleanth Literary Criticism: A Short History [M]. New York, 1957
Wyatt, David. New Essay on The Grapes of Wrath [C]. Cambridge : Cambridge University Press, 1990
Zhang Zhongzai, Wang Fengzheng, Zhao Guoxin. Selected Reading in 20th Century Western Critical Theory [C]. Beijing: Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press, 2005.
常耀信.美国文学简史[M]天津:南开大学出版社, 2003
董衡龚.“论斯坦贝克的兴与衰”,《外国文学评论》, 2006/3
段雪梅.陈绍.“斯坦贝克小说《愤怒的葡萄》中的意象”,石家庄经济学院学报, 2005/6
付勇.“《愤怒的葡萄》中的《圣经》隐喻”[J].天津师大学报, 2005/6
宫玉波.梁亚平,“不可战胜的女性----《愤怒的葡萄》中乔德妈妈和罗撒香形象分析”,宁师范大学学报(社会科学版), 2005/1
胡开杰.“《愤怒的葡萄》----标题象征意义浅谈”,南京理工大学学报, 2006/3
李征戎.“愤怒的写实---评斯坦贝克的《愤怒的葡萄》”,外国文学研究, 2005/6
刘意清.《圣经》的文学阐释:理论与实践[M].北京:北京大学出版社,2004
任群.“人性处处闪光彩---析《愤怒的葡萄》中的人性魅力”,黑河学刊, 2005/5
生世贤.“思想内容与艺术结构的完整统一----评斯坦贝克小说《愤怒的葡萄》”,山东外语教学, 2004/2
田俊武.“国内外斯坦贝克研究的进展和缺失”[J].四川外语学院学报,2005/2
王屹论.“《愤怒的葡萄》复调小说”,国外文学, 2006/4
温洁霞,“《愤怒的葡萄》中的《圣经》典故与象征意义”,外国文学研究, 2002/2
相华利.“论《愤怒的葡萄》中的女权主义思想”,宿州师专学报,2005/4
谢金良.《西方文学典故词典》[C].北京:中国展望出版社,1986
肖锦文.“愤怒中觉醒的人们---论斯坦贝克的《愤怒的葡萄》”,厦门大学
肖鸣旦.朱景华.“现代‘大迁徙’----析《愤怒的葡萄》叙事结构的圣经意象”,井山师范学院学报, 2004/4
杨靖.“主体章节与辅助篇章的巧妙结合---《愤怒的葡萄》结构分析”,名作欣赏,2007/5
朱立元.《当代西方文艺理论》[M].上海,华东师范大学出版社,2003
吴丽.“从‘我’到‘我们’----论《愤怒的葡萄》的主题”,南京师范大学
张中载.“原型批评”[J].外国文学, 2003/1
赵彩然.“凌而不乱---论《愤怒的葡萄》中的叙述章节和插入章节”,河北大学学报,2005/7
曾令富.“《愤怒的葡萄》的结构和语言特色”.四川教育学院学报, 2006/7-8
郑燕虹.“《愤怒的葡萄》中“葡萄”的象征意义与圣经典故”,外语与外语教学, 2001
Brain·Railsback. Parallel Expeditions : Chales Darwin and the Art of John Steinbeck [M]. University of Idaho Press, 1995, p. 10
David·Wyatt, ed. New Essay on The Grapes of Wrath [C]. Cambridge : Cambridge University Press, 1990, p.7, p.10
Edumund·Wilson.“The Boys in the Back Room : Notes on California Novelists [M]. San Francisco: Colt Press. 1941, p.42, p.50, p.52
Eliade·Mircea“Pattern in Comparative Religion”1963, p.210
Frederick·Hoffman“The Modern Novel in America: 1900-1950 [M]. Chicago: Herry Regenery Company 1951, p.160, p.153
Good New Bible : subsequent references to Bible in this chapter are all from King James version Oklahoma Press, 1966, p.105
Joseph·R·McElrath et al. eds. John Steinbeck: The comtemporary Review [C], Cambridge, Cambridge University Press. 1996, p.167
Joseph·Blotner. The Modern American Political Novel : 1900-1960 [M] Austin : The University of Texas Press, 1966, pp.8-9
Jr·Tedlock et al, eds. Steinbeck and His Critics. New Mexico [C], University of New Mexcio Press. 1957. p.xxxiv, p. 225, p.120
Jung·Carl. Psychology and Literature. In 20th Century Literary Criticism. Longman et Singapore Publishers. Pte. Ltd. 1996 p.115, p.118, p.136, p.437
Julia·Ward·Howe, Battle Hymn of the Republic 1859. The poem is also an anthem song frequently during the Civil War and the World War II in the United States of America.
M·H·Abrams, A Glossary of Literary Terms [M]. BeiJing : Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press, 2004. p.12
Northrop·Frye,“Anatomy of Criticism : Four Essays Princeton,NJ. : Promceton U.P., 1957. Most of my disscussion refers to Frye’s third essay,“Archetypal Criticism : Theroy of Myth”, p.131-239, p. 366, p.291, p.111-112, p.136
Northrop·Frye,“The Great Code: the Bible and Literature.”San Dieg et New York et London: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, Publishers, 1982,p.48
Northrop·Frye Fable of Identity: Studies in Poetic Mythology [M] New York, 1963, p.1
Peter·Lisca“The Wide World of John Steinbeck”[M] Rutgers University Press. 1958. p. 294
Piere·Brinal,“Companion to Literary Myths, Heroes and Archetypes.”London and New York, 1992, p.586
Richard·Hardin, F.“Archetypal Criticism in Contemporary Literary Theory.”The University of Massachusetts Press, 1989, p.52
Steinbeck·John“The Grapes of Wrath”New York 2000, p.1, p.17, p.24, p.27, pp.28-29, pp.78-85, p.88, p.99, p.107, p.114, p.149, p.231, p.298, p.404, p.407, p.408, p.423,pp.448-449, p.478, p.482, p.542, p.543, p. 545
The New Testament [M] HongKong : Bible Society, 1989. Luck 23.p.171, p.29
Warren·French, ed.“A Companion to The Grapes of Wrath”[C]. New York, Viking. 1963.p. 109
Western Literary Criticism. Dalian Foreign Language Institute Publication 1997, p.164, p.165-166, pp.176-178
W·H·Auden . The Quest Hero, in Perspective in Comtemporary Criticism, ed. Shelden Norman Grebstein [C]. New York : Harper and Row 1968, pp.370-371
William·K·Wimsatt, Jr. and Cleanth·Brooks, Literary Criticism: A Short History [M]. New York, 1957
http://www. edu.cnki.net
www. hrw.org/hrw/summaries/s,israel-lebaron 979.html
常耀信.美国文学简史[M]天津:南开大学出版社, 2003, p.275
董衡龚.“论斯坦贝克的兴与衰”,《外国文学评论》, 2006/3
段雪梅.陈绍.“斯坦贝克小说《愤怒的葡萄》中的意象”,石家庄经济学院学报, 2005/6
付勇.“《愤怒的葡萄》中的《圣经》隐喻”[J].天津师大学报, 2005/6
宫玉波.梁亚平.“不可战胜的女性----《愤怒的葡萄》中乔德妈妈和罗撒香形象分析”, 宁师范大学学报(社会科学版), 2005/1
胡开杰.“《愤怒的葡萄》----标题象征意义浅谈”,南京理工大学学报, 2006/3
李征戎.“愤怒的写实---评斯坦贝克的《愤怒的葡萄》”,外国文学研究, 2005/6
刘意清.《圣经》的文学阐释:理论与实践[M].北京:北京大学出版社,2004
任群.“人性处处闪光彩---析《愤怒的葡萄》中的人性魅力”,黑河学刊, 2005/5
生世贤.“思想内容与艺术结构的完整统一----评斯坦贝克小说《愤怒的葡萄》”,山东外语教学, 2004/2
田俊武.“国内外斯坦贝克研究的进展和缺失”[J].四川外语学院学报,2005/2
王屹论.“《愤怒的葡萄》复调小说”,国外文学, 2006/4
温洁霞,“《愤怒的葡萄》中的《圣经》典故与象征意义”,外国文学研究, 2002/2
相华利.“论《愤怒的葡萄》中的女权主义思想”,宿州师专学报,2005/4
谢金良.《西方文学典故词典》[C].北京:中国展望出版社,1986
肖锦文.“愤怒中觉醒的人们---论斯坦贝克的《愤怒的葡萄》”,厦门大学
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相华利.“论《愤怒的葡萄》中的女权主义思想”,宿州师专学报,2005/4
谢金良.《西方文学典故词典》[C].北京:中国展望出版社,1986
肖锦文.“愤怒中觉醒的人们---论斯坦贝克的《愤怒的葡萄》”,厦门大学
肖鸣旦.朱景华.“现代‘大迁徙’----析《愤怒的葡萄》叙事结构的圣经意象”,井山师范学院学报, 2004/4
杨靖.“主体章节与辅助篇章的巧妙结合---《愤怒的葡萄》结构分析”,名作欣赏,2007/5
朱立元.《当代西方文艺理论》[M].上海,华东师范大学出版社,2003
吴丽.“从‘我’到‘我们’----论《愤怒的葡萄》的主题”,南京师范大学
张中载.“原型批评”[J].外国文学, 2003/1
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