循环流化床热电气焦油多联产技术的试验研究
摘要
从我国的能源消费特点来看,在今后相当长的时期内,煤炭仍将是我国最主要的一次能源。目前,我国煤炭利用的主要形式为直接燃烧,这样的利用方式不但降低了煤炭的利用率,而且给环保带来了沉重的压力。浙江大学开发的循环流化床热电气焦油多联产技术可以在一套系统中实现热力、电力、煤气、焦油的联产,采用这样的利用方式可实现煤的分级转化和利用,大幅度提高了煤的利用价值。
煤的热解特性是研究煤的热电气焦油多联产技术的基础,本文在搭建的小型流化床实验台上进行了煤的热解特性实验,考察了煤种、温度对热解煤气、半焦、焦油产率及成分的影响；热解焦油产率随温度升高有一最大值,由于二次反应的存在,温度太高将不利于焦油的生成；在低温时煤气主要由CO和C02组成,H2含量随温度的升高不断增大,C02含量随温度升高呈下降趋势；煤种的含氧量越高,生成煤气中的CO和CO2的含量也越高,O/C比太高的煤将不利于CH4的生成。H/C较高的煤,热解焦油的轻质组分较多。煤化程度高的煤,热解焦油组成以芳香烃为主,煤化程度低的煤热解焦油组成以脂肪烃为主。
在1MW多联产装置上对不同煤种的热解特性进行研究,考察了气化炉温度对多联产煤气,焦油产率的影响,试验结果表明,焦油产率随气化炉温度升高有一最大值,热解煤气以H2和CH4为主,随着气化炉温度的升高,煤气中H2和CO含量呈上升趋势；试验为下一步在工业上的应用提供了基础。
12MW循环流化床热电气焦油多联产试验结果表明,热解产生的焦油是很好的化学原料,随气化炉温度的升高热解焦油的H/C比下降,粘度、软化点升高,焦油品质变差,因此应适当控制气化炉温度使焦油的生产达到质与量的最佳点。多联产系统能有效地减少NOx及SOx等污染物的排放,系统具有运行稳定、安全可靠、调节方便、焦油和煤气生产稳定等特点。试验结果验证了所开发的循环流化床热电气焦油多联产工艺是先进可行的,在工业上进行推广应用是可行的。
According to the characteristics of China's energy consumption, coal will be remaining the most important primary energy of China for a long period of time. At present, the main form of China's coal utilization is direct combustion; this approach not only reduces the coal utilization, but also brings heavy pressure to environmental protection. The circulating fluidized bed poly-generation technology developed by Zhejiang University can achieve heat, electricity, gas, tar cogeneration in a system, using such a method can achieve the classification of coal conversion and utilization, so the value of coal utilization can be increased significantly.
The pyrolysis characteristics of coal are the basis of poly-generation technology. In this paper, the characteristics of coal pyrolysis were studied in an experimental fluidized bed device. The effects of temperature and coal type on pyrolysis gas and tar were investigated; there is a maximum tar yield with increasing pyrolysis temperature, due to the presence of secondary reaction, the high pyrolysis temperature is negative to the generation of tar. At low temperature, gas compositions mainly contain CO and CO2, H2 concentration increases with increasing temperature continuously.CO2 content in a downward trend with increasing temperature. The higher the oxygen content in the coal, the more the CO and CO2 contained in pyrolysis gas, too high or too low O/C ratio is negative to the generation of CH4. The higher H/C the coal, the more lightweight components contained in pyrolysis tar. High rank coal pyrolysis tar mainly composed by aromatic hydrocarbons, and low rank coal pyrolysis tar mainly composed by aliphatic hydrocarbons.
The pyrolysis characteristics of different coal were studied in a 1MW poly-generation device. The influences of gasification temperature on the pyrolysis gas and yield of tar were researched; the experiment results show that there is a maximum tar yield with increasing gasifier temperature; the pyrolysis gas mainly contains H2 and CH4, With gasifier temperature increasing, H2 and CO concentrations increase continuously; 1MW poly-generation experiment provide a basis for further applications in industry.
12MW poly-generation results show that the pyrolysis tar is a very good chemical raw material. With the gasifier temperature increasing, pyrolysis tar's H/C ratio decreased, viscosity and softening point rise, tar-quality get worse. So the gasifier temperature should be properly controlled which can make the tar quality and quantity achieve the best point. The poly-generation system can reduce NOX, SOX and other pollutant emissions effectively; the system has the characteristics of stable, safe, reliable, convenient adjustment and stability of tar and gas production.12MW poly-generation experiments verify the thermal, electric, gas, tar poly-generation technology is an advanced technology which is feasible to promote in the industry.
煤的热解特性是研究煤的热电气焦油多联产技术的基础,本文在搭建的小型流化床实验台上进行了煤的热解特性实验,考察了煤种、温度对热解煤气、半焦、焦油产率及成分的影响；热解焦油产率随温度升高有一最大值,由于二次反应的存在,温度太高将不利于焦油的生成；在低温时煤气主要由CO和C02组成,H2含量随温度的升高不断增大,C02含量随温度升高呈下降趋势；煤种的含氧量越高,生成煤气中的CO和CO2的含量也越高,O/C比太高的煤将不利于CH4的生成。H/C较高的煤,热解焦油的轻质组分较多。煤化程度高的煤,热解焦油组成以芳香烃为主,煤化程度低的煤热解焦油组成以脂肪烃为主。
在1MW多联产装置上对不同煤种的热解特性进行研究,考察了气化炉温度对多联产煤气,焦油产率的影响,试验结果表明,焦油产率随气化炉温度升高有一最大值,热解煤气以H2和CH4为主,随着气化炉温度的升高,煤气中H2和CO含量呈上升趋势；试验为下一步在工业上的应用提供了基础。
12MW循环流化床热电气焦油多联产试验结果表明,热解产生的焦油是很好的化学原料,随气化炉温度的升高热解焦油的H/C比下降,粘度、软化点升高,焦油品质变差,因此应适当控制气化炉温度使焦油的生产达到质与量的最佳点。多联产系统能有效地减少NOx及SOx等污染物的排放,系统具有运行稳定、安全可靠、调节方便、焦油和煤气生产稳定等特点。试验结果验证了所开发的循环流化床热电气焦油多联产工艺是先进可行的,在工业上进行推广应用是可行的。
According to the characteristics of China's energy consumption, coal will be remaining the most important primary energy of China for a long period of time. At present, the main form of China's coal utilization is direct combustion; this approach not only reduces the coal utilization, but also brings heavy pressure to environmental protection. The circulating fluidized bed poly-generation technology developed by Zhejiang University can achieve heat, electricity, gas, tar cogeneration in a system, using such a method can achieve the classification of coal conversion and utilization, so the value of coal utilization can be increased significantly.
The pyrolysis characteristics of coal are the basis of poly-generation technology. In this paper, the characteristics of coal pyrolysis were studied in an experimental fluidized bed device. The effects of temperature and coal type on pyrolysis gas and tar were investigated; there is a maximum tar yield with increasing pyrolysis temperature, due to the presence of secondary reaction, the high pyrolysis temperature is negative to the generation of tar. At low temperature, gas compositions mainly contain CO and CO2, H2 concentration increases with increasing temperature continuously.CO2 content in a downward trend with increasing temperature. The higher the oxygen content in the coal, the more the CO and CO2 contained in pyrolysis gas, too high or too low O/C ratio is negative to the generation of CH4. The higher H/C the coal, the more lightweight components contained in pyrolysis tar. High rank coal pyrolysis tar mainly composed by aromatic hydrocarbons, and low rank coal pyrolysis tar mainly composed by aliphatic hydrocarbons.
The pyrolysis characteristics of different coal were studied in a 1MW poly-generation device. The influences of gasification temperature on the pyrolysis gas and yield of tar were researched; the experiment results show that there is a maximum tar yield with increasing gasifier temperature; the pyrolysis gas mainly contains H2 and CH4, With gasifier temperature increasing, H2 and CO concentrations increase continuously; 1MW poly-generation experiment provide a basis for further applications in industry.
12MW poly-generation results show that the pyrolysis tar is a very good chemical raw material. With the gasifier temperature increasing, pyrolysis tar's H/C ratio decreased, viscosity and softening point rise, tar-quality get worse. So the gasifier temperature should be properly controlled which can make the tar quality and quantity achieve the best point. The poly-generation system can reduce NOX, SOX and other pollutant emissions effectively; the system has the characteristics of stable, safe, reliable, convenient adjustment and stability of tar and gas production.12MW poly-generation experiments verify the thermal, electric, gas, tar poly-generation technology is an advanced technology which is feasible to promote in the industry.
引文
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