供应链下某集团原材料采购管理研究
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摘要
随着经济全球化和信息技术的飞速发展,市场竞争不断加剧,企业越来越依赖外部市场供给的原辅材料、设备配件和各种服务,企业对外采购的物资品种范围和数量规模不断上升。采购管理在供应链的形成与运转过程中承担着越来越重要的使命,对企业竞争力的影响日益突出。
在社会化大生产和商品经济条件下,采购是工商企业生产经营活动的重要组成部分。随着市场竞争的日益激烈,企业对采购的要求越来越高,当今市场需求日趋多变,技术进步突飞猛进,企业竞争全方位展开,对传统企业的采购管理模式提出了全新的要求。大型冶金企业仅靠自身的资源和能力不可能在各个领域都占据优势,只有突破传统的封闭定势,与供应商、上游企业建立战略合作伙伴关系,才能增强竞争优势,以适应成本的要求,提高整体竞争力。面对上述要求,必须改变传统的孤立采购的思想,发展战略采购,企业的采购管理模式需要进一步创新。
本文立足于当前制造业企业的产供销及市场形势,将采购管理作为供应链环境下企业生产经营过程中的一个关键环节,针对X集团原材料采购管理中的问题,如：集团对原材料管理关注不够,不能将其纳入企业整体战略,不能认识到采购管理在企业经营管理中的真正位置,以致采购人员的素质以及采购管理工作的水平还不尽人意,企业的信息化水平还停留在出报表做文件的水平等问题给予了分析。本文首先在详细分析供应链有关理论的基础上,对供应链条件下的采购管理及其模式进行了分析。在分析了X集团原材料采购管理现状的基础上,并针对存在的问题提出了改进策略。
Along with the economical globalization and the information technology rapid development, the market competition intensifies unceasingly, the enterprise more and more relies on exterior market supplies the original auxiliary material, the equipment fitting and each kind of service, the enterprise foreign purchase commodity variety scope and quantity scale rises unceasingly. The purchase management in supplies the chain in the formation and the generating process is undertaking the more and more important mission, is day by day prominent to the enterprise competitive power influence.
Under the socialized big production and the commodity economy condition, the purchase is the important to the industry and commence enterprise. Along with market competition day by day intense, the enterprise is more and more high to the purchase request, now the market demand day by day is changeable, the technology advancement progresses by leaps and bounds, the enterprise competes in much aspects and set the brand-new request to the traditional enterprise's purchase management pattern. The large-scale metallurgical industry only depends on own resources and ability not impossible allto occupy the superio rity in each domain, only then the breakthrough tradition seal thought, with the supplier, upstream the enterprises establishes the strategy partner relations, can change the individual competition resources for the net chain set competitive advantage, adapts the cost request, enhances the overall competitive power. Facing the above request, must change traditional the isolation purchase thought, the developmental strategy purchase, enterprise's purchase management pattern needs further to innovate.
This article bases on production,sale and the market situation of the current manufacturing industry enterprises, and focuses on fundamental research and the enterprise application which becomes hot spot topic gradually in the supply chain management at present. The purchase management becomes a key link of enterprise's production based on the supply chain environment. More and more international big enterprises pay more attention to purchase management, but parts of the domestic enterprises do not pay attention this trend, and do not make the overall strategy. They do not realize that the purchase management is important to the enterprise management. The ability of purchasers and purchase management is unsatisfactory. Many workers can only make forms and documents in information management. This article colle ted earnestly reorganized in the physical distribution supply chain foundation purchase management correlation theories, has analyzed the Taiyuan Steel Corporation at present raw material purchase management pattern present situation and the existence question, proposed the X Corporation raw material purchase management strategy.
在社会化大生产和商品经济条件下,采购是工商企业生产经营活动的重要组成部分。随着市场竞争的日益激烈,企业对采购的要求越来越高,当今市场需求日趋多变,技术进步突飞猛进,企业竞争全方位展开,对传统企业的采购管理模式提出了全新的要求。大型冶金企业仅靠自身的资源和能力不可能在各个领域都占据优势,只有突破传统的封闭定势,与供应商、上游企业建立战略合作伙伴关系,才能增强竞争优势,以适应成本的要求,提高整体竞争力。面对上述要求,必须改变传统的孤立采购的思想,发展战略采购,企业的采购管理模式需要进一步创新。
本文立足于当前制造业企业的产供销及市场形势,将采购管理作为供应链环境下企业生产经营过程中的一个关键环节,针对X集团原材料采购管理中的问题,如：集团对原材料管理关注不够,不能将其纳入企业整体战略,不能认识到采购管理在企业经营管理中的真正位置,以致采购人员的素质以及采购管理工作的水平还不尽人意,企业的信息化水平还停留在出报表做文件的水平等问题给予了分析。本文首先在详细分析供应链有关理论的基础上,对供应链条件下的采购管理及其模式进行了分析。在分析了X集团原材料采购管理现状的基础上,并针对存在的问题提出了改进策略。
Along with the economical globalization and the information technology rapid development, the market competition intensifies unceasingly, the enterprise more and more relies on exterior market supplies the original auxiliary material, the equipment fitting and each kind of service, the enterprise foreign purchase commodity variety scope and quantity scale rises unceasingly. The purchase management in supplies the chain in the formation and the generating process is undertaking the more and more important mission, is day by day prominent to the enterprise competitive power influence.
Under the socialized big production and the commodity economy condition, the purchase is the important to the industry and commence enterprise. Along with market competition day by day intense, the enterprise is more and more high to the purchase request, now the market demand day by day is changeable, the technology advancement progresses by leaps and bounds, the enterprise competes in much aspects and set the brand-new request to the traditional enterprise's purchase management pattern. The large-scale metallurgical industry only depends on own resources and ability not impossible allto occupy the superio rity in each domain, only then the breakthrough tradition seal thought, with the supplier, upstream the enterprises establishes the strategy partner relations, can change the individual competition resources for the net chain set competitive advantage, adapts the cost request, enhances the overall competitive power. Facing the above request, must change traditional the isolation purchase thought, the developmental strategy purchase, enterprise's purchase management pattern needs further to innovate.
This article bases on production,sale and the market situation of the current manufacturing industry enterprises, and focuses on fundamental research and the enterprise application which becomes hot spot topic gradually in the supply chain management at present. The purchase management becomes a key link of enterprise's production based on the supply chain environment. More and more international big enterprises pay more attention to purchase management, but parts of the domestic enterprises do not pay attention this trend, and do not make the overall strategy. They do not realize that the purchase management is important to the enterprise management. The ability of purchasers and purchase management is unsatisfactory. Many workers can only make forms and documents in information management. This article colle ted earnestly reorganized in the physical distribution supply chain foundation purchase management correlation theories, has analyzed the Taiyuan Steel Corporation at present raw material purchase management pattern present situation and the existence question, proposed the X Corporation raw material purchase management strategy.
引文
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[44]蒋志青著,企业业务流程设计与管理(第二版)[M],北京：电子工业出版社,2004.115-128
[45]张继焦著,价值链管理[M],北京：中国物价出版社,2001.167-183
[46](美)森尼尔,乔普瑞,彼得·梅因德尔著,供应链管理：战略、规划与运营(第二版)[M],北京：社会科学文献出版社,2003.216-237
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[2]C.A.Weber, J.R.Current, W.C.Benton. Vendor selection criteria and methods. European Journal of Operational Research,1991,50:2-18
[3]Timmerman, E. An approach to vendor performance evaluation. Journal of Purchasing and Supply Management,1986 (1):27-32
[4]Monczka, R.M.,Trecha,S.J..Cost based supplier performance evaluation.Journal of Purchasing and Supply Management,1988 (24):2-7
[5]Smytka, D.L., Clemens,M.W..Total cost supplier selection models:a case study. Journal of Purchasing and Supply Management,1993 (29):42-49
[6]S.H Ghodsypour and C.O'Brien.A decision support system or supplier selection using an integrated analytic hierarchy process and linear programming. International Journal of Production Economics,1998,56-57:199-212
[7]谌述勇,陈荣秋.论JIT环境下制造商和供应商之间的关系.管理工程学报,1998(3)：2-5
[8]蔡鹤皋,马永军,张福顺.网络联盟企业中的供应商选择方法.小型微型计算机系统,1999(11)：14-20
[9]马士华,林勇,陈志祥.供应链管理.北京：机械工业出版社,2000：100-125
[10]霍佳震.企业评价创新-集成化供应链绩效及其评价.石家庄：河北人民出版社,2001：22-60
[11]王能民,孙林岩,汪应洛.绿色制造模式下的供应商选择.系统工程,2001(2)：2-5
[12]王刊良,苏秦.利用作业成本法进行供应商的选择与评价.计算机集成制造系统-CIMS,2001(7)：22-24
[13]徐杰,田源,采购与仓储管理,北京：清华大学出版社；北京交通大学出版社,2004.151-163,265-279
[14]马士华,供应链管理,北京：机械工业出版社,2000.239-252
[15]米歇尔.R.利恩德斯等,采购与供应管理,张杰等译,北京：机械工业出版社,2001.3-20
[16]梁军,采购管理,北京：电子工业出版社,2006.245-260
[17]骆温平,物流与供应链管理,北京：电子工业出版社,2002.71-97
[18]赵林度,供应链与物流管理理论与实务,北京：机械工业出版社,2003.85-106
[19]森尼尔·乔普瑞,彼得·梅因德尔,供应链管理：战略、规划与运营,李丽萍等译,北京：社会科学文献出版社,2003.45-280
[20]约翰·科伊尔,企业物流管理：供应链视角,文武等译,北京：电子工业出版社,2003.128-197
[21]王忠宗,采购管理实务,广州：广东经济出版社,2001.124-152,177-198,217-238
[22]王兵,徐小斌,郑洪帖,基于供应链的采购管理,电子工业出版社,2003.55-70
[23]刘丽文,供应链管理思想及其理论和方法的发展过程,管理科学学报,2003,6： 81-88,
[24]倪梅,鞠颂东,供应链条件下的采购管理,供应链管理,2002,1：33,
[25]霍红,华蕊,采购与供应链管理,中国物资出版社,2005.86-95
[26]罗伯特,M,蒙兹卡等著,刘秉镰,李莉等译,采购与供应链管理,中信出版社,2004.153-174
[27]冯雪莲,供应链中的采购管理,商业研究,2003(18)：18-19,
[28]刘丽文,企业供应链管理的基本策略之——物流采购管理策略,物流技术,2001,3：50-51,
[29]周宏,订货点决策模拟研究,系统仿真学报,2004,1：12-14,
[30]李志刚,基于JIT理论的供应链采购模式探析,物流技术,2003,8：8-10,
[31]蓝伯雄,郑小娜,徐心,电子商务时代的供应链管理,中国管理科学,2000,9： 21,
[32]沈国芳,肖桃,推行网上招标采购,实验室研究与探索,2002,2：103-105,
[33]徐晓雨,朱道立,基于互联网的电子采购模式研究,物流与电子商务,2002,6：24-27,
[34]罗霞,何明璐,论现代物流得发展方向,公路交通科技,2001,10：33,
[35]赵林度,李时伟,VMI实现模式,中国管理科学,2000,8：10
[36]陈国权,供应链管理[J],中国软科学,1999,10：102
[37]林勇,马士华,供应链管理环境下的供应商综合评价选择研究[J],管理现化,2001,5：30-32
[38]刘晓,李海越,王成恩,储诚斌,供应商选择模型与方法综述[J],中国管理科学,2004,1：139-148
[39]仲维清,侯强,供应商评价指标体系与评价模型研究[1],数量经济技术经济研究,2003,3：93-97
[40]陈荣著,物流供应链管理[M],东北财经大学出版社,2001：62-64
[41]马士华,库存不再疼痛——VMI如何整编供应链中的库存管理权[J],中国商贸,2001,22：39-42
[42]项明,严广乐,基于VMI的库存控制策略模型的研究[J],现代管理科学,2003,3：56-57
[43]朱宏,郭海峰,黄小原,供应商管理库存的利润模型及其优化策略[J],东北大学学报(自然科学版),2004,5：505-507
[44]蒋志青著,企业业务流程设计与管理(第二版)[M],北京：电子工业出版社,2004.115-128
[45]张继焦著,价值链管理[M],北京：中国物价出版社,2001.167-183
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