铁路山岭隧道纵断面CAD系统研究
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摘要
隧道工程CAD属于隧道工程与计算机软件技术的交叉学科,目前隧道CAD技术的研究侧重于衬砌参考图设计、洞门设计等方向,而纵断面设计作为隧道设计中非常关键的组成部分,却很少见到相关的CAD技术研究论文与成果。本文分析了铁路山岭隧道纵断面的设计过程,研究了纵断面设计过程中的CAD应用方法。论文结合隧道纵断面的设计过程,划分了地形地质信息处理、纵断面五线谱设计、隧道工程量统计三个研究内容。
地形信息处理是地形地质信息主要组成部分。山岭地形图中纵断面地形线与横断面地形线具有各自的图形形位信息。通过对地形线形位信息的分析,提出地形数据提取的图元分组、合并、换算的三步方法。其中,分派式算法和追尾式算法是图元分组的两种算法,经过比较分析,选择效率更高的追尾式分组算法应用于CAD系统。
纵断面五线谱设计是隧道纵断面设计的主要部分。对纵断面五线谱各栏,定义了围岩、衬砌、工法,及线路平面示意图的隧道中线、平导、横通道、斜井、综合洞室等若干个实体对象,采用基于ObjectARX技术的自定义实体来实现图形表达与编辑。五线谱的围岩、衬砌、工法,以及纵断面地形线到地面标高、里程标记等具有里程对应关系,基于这种逻辑对应关系研究实现了纵断面五线谱的自动生成策略。
隧道工程量统计模块的统计报表具有一定的表格共性,通过对表格格式、数据整理与统计输出等共性技术进行分析,提出基于表格模板的通用表格生成技术。
最后,应用以上研究成果,开发了铁路山岭隧道纵断面CAD系统,系统采用统一的工程数据库记录纵断面设计过程中的所有设计数据,保证了数据的同一性和完整性。实例验证了隧道纵断面CAD系统的先进性和实用性。
As the cross-science of tunnel engineering and computer software, the tunnel CAD technology focused on lining referenced drawing design and portal design currently. However, the tunnel vertical section design is one of the most critical components in the tunnel design, only few research literatures and achievements about it can be found. In this paper, the application of CAD technology on the tunnel vertical section design is studied. According to the design process of the tunnel vertical section, it consists of processing the topography and geological information, the stave design, and the statistics of the tunnel project.
The topography information process is a significant part of the topography and geological information process above mentioned. In the topographic drawing of the mountain, the topographic lines of vertical section and transect have their special graphic information respectively. Through the analysis of the graphic information of the topographic lines, a three-step approach of extracting terrain data of the mountain is proposed. It contains the three steps: grouping graphic elements, merging them and transferring. Dispatch algorithm and Find-tail algorithm are two of the algorithm for grouping. It is more efficient for the find-tail algorithm to apply for the CAD system than the dispatch algorithm.
Stave design is a major part of the design of tunnel vertical section. Firstly, it defines several entities of the stave: wall rock, lining, construction technology, parallel chunnel, transverse chunnel, tunnel silo, tunnel cave, and so on. The custom entities of them can be described and edited based on ObjectARX technique. The design of wall rock, lining and construction technology, and the design of ground elevation and mileage tags, there are some design logic about them. Based on that logic, the automatically design strategy of the stave is studied.
To some extent, the statistic tables of the tunnel project have form characters. Through the common technology analysis of the form of table, data processing and statistics output, the generation technology of common statistic table based on table template is proposed.
Finally, based on the research results, an engineering CAD system for tunnel’s vertical section design of railway in mountain is developed. The CAD system records all the design data in the whole design process of tunnel’s vertical section, by a unitive database. The project database ensures the unity and integrity of the data. An example validates that the CAD system is advanced and practical.
地形信息处理是地形地质信息主要组成部分。山岭地形图中纵断面地形线与横断面地形线具有各自的图形形位信息。通过对地形线形位信息的分析,提出地形数据提取的图元分组、合并、换算的三步方法。其中,分派式算法和追尾式算法是图元分组的两种算法,经过比较分析,选择效率更高的追尾式分组算法应用于CAD系统。
纵断面五线谱设计是隧道纵断面设计的主要部分。对纵断面五线谱各栏,定义了围岩、衬砌、工法,及线路平面示意图的隧道中线、平导、横通道、斜井、综合洞室等若干个实体对象,采用基于ObjectARX技术的自定义实体来实现图形表达与编辑。五线谱的围岩、衬砌、工法,以及纵断面地形线到地面标高、里程标记等具有里程对应关系,基于这种逻辑对应关系研究实现了纵断面五线谱的自动生成策略。
隧道工程量统计模块的统计报表具有一定的表格共性,通过对表格格式、数据整理与统计输出等共性技术进行分析,提出基于表格模板的通用表格生成技术。
最后,应用以上研究成果,开发了铁路山岭隧道纵断面CAD系统,系统采用统一的工程数据库记录纵断面设计过程中的所有设计数据,保证了数据的同一性和完整性。实例验证了隧道纵断面CAD系统的先进性和实用性。
As the cross-science of tunnel engineering and computer software, the tunnel CAD technology focused on lining referenced drawing design and portal design currently. However, the tunnel vertical section design is one of the most critical components in the tunnel design, only few research literatures and achievements about it can be found. In this paper, the application of CAD technology on the tunnel vertical section design is studied. According to the design process of the tunnel vertical section, it consists of processing the topography and geological information, the stave design, and the statistics of the tunnel project.
The topography information process is a significant part of the topography and geological information process above mentioned. In the topographic drawing of the mountain, the topographic lines of vertical section and transect have their special graphic information respectively. Through the analysis of the graphic information of the topographic lines, a three-step approach of extracting terrain data of the mountain is proposed. It contains the three steps: grouping graphic elements, merging them and transferring. Dispatch algorithm and Find-tail algorithm are two of the algorithm for grouping. It is more efficient for the find-tail algorithm to apply for the CAD system than the dispatch algorithm.
Stave design is a major part of the design of tunnel vertical section. Firstly, it defines several entities of the stave: wall rock, lining, construction technology, parallel chunnel, transverse chunnel, tunnel silo, tunnel cave, and so on. The custom entities of them can be described and edited based on ObjectARX technique. The design of wall rock, lining and construction technology, and the design of ground elevation and mileage tags, there are some design logic about them. Based on that logic, the automatically design strategy of the stave is studied.
To some extent, the statistic tables of the tunnel project have form characters. Through the common technology analysis of the form of table, data processing and statistics output, the generation technology of common statistic table based on table template is proposed.
Finally, based on the research results, an engineering CAD system for tunnel’s vertical section design of railway in mountain is developed. The CAD system records all the design data in the whole design process of tunnel’s vertical section, by a unitive database. The project database ensures the unity and integrity of the data. An example validates that the CAD system is advanced and practical.
引文
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[11]周建晖,朱合华,刘学增,公路隧道辅助设计软件的新思路研究,岩土工程技术,2006.4;(Zhou Jianhui, Zhu Hehua, Liu Xuezeng, New Thinking in Effective Highway Tunnel CAD Design Software, Geotechnical Engineering Technique, Apr, 2006;)
[12]朱合华,杨金松,郑国平,姜勇,盾构隧道衬砌CAD软件的设计及应用,岩土力学,2002.10;(Zhu He-hua, Yang Jin-song, Zheng Guo-ping, Jiang Yong, Design and applications of CAD software for shield tunnel lining, Rock and Soil Mechanics, Oct, 2002;)
[13]周建晖,公路隧道衬砌结构设计系统的研究与开发,同济大学,2006.3;
[14]罗衍俭,铁路隧道结构设计理论与方法存在的问题,现代隧道技术,1997(5);
[15]罗衍俭,隧道结构设计的数值模拟与类比设计,地下空间,1998.3;
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[21]王海君,道路纵断面自动生成及优化算法的研究,长安大学,2001.6;
[22]石红兵,陈建春,曾学贵,公路线路纵断面交互系统的设计研究,公路,2001.2;(Shi Hongbing, Chen Jianchun, Zeng Xuegui, Research on Highway Route Vertical Protfile Alternative Design System, Highway, Feb, 2001;)
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