覆土波纹钢板桥涵土与结构相互作用分析及设计方法研究
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摘要
覆土波纹钢板桥涵由于受到土体有利的约束作用,从而提高了承载力,在国外已被广泛地应用于公路工程。在我国应用波纹钢板小桥结构。可以发挥其优良的变形适应能力,对预防和解决涵洞因融沉和冻胀而导致的破坏十分有效。在不久的将来,随着对波纹钢板桥涵的进一步研究与改进,此类结构必将成为我国公路建设中的重要结构形式。
本文的核心是研究覆土波纹钢板桥涵在恒载与活载作用下的土与结构相互作用,并在此基础上提出对应于我国公路可靠度统一标准与荷载规范的设计方法。本文分别建立了波纹钢板管涵与拱桥的二维非线性数值模型与三维数值模型,将两者的分析结果与实验值做了对比,分析了两种模型的优劣,并且将土与结构相互作用对结构受力性能的影响用数值分析的结果做了说明,另外对于波纹钢板管涵,本文提出了非线性改进的弹性解答,其结果与数值分析的结果和实验值做了对比。在二维非线性数值模型中,采用了土的非线性本构关系,施加于其上的活载经过了等效计算;在三维数值模型中,模型是按波纹的实际形状拼装而成的,土体等效为土压力荷载,没有考虑土与结构的相互作用。
最后,通过比较各国现行规范,揭示了现行设计方法的诸多差异与缺陷。结合我国公路可靠度统一标准,提出了波纹钢板桥涵结构对应的极限状态及各自的分项系数。基于国外设计规范的比较结果,综合数值模型、土与结构相互作用理论的分析结论,提出了适用于我国荷载标准与可靠度统一标准的设计方法并给出算例。
Corrugated steel plate bridges widely built as highway structures of small spans, which are so-called soil-steel bridges, derive their strength from the interaction between the soil and the corrugated steel components of the system.
The objective of this paper is to study the soil-structure interaction for soil-steel structures under earth and live loadings and to develop a simplified design procedure for corrugated steel culverts and bridges. The objective is met by conducting an extensive finite element analysis for a circular culvert and arch bridge in Inner Mongolia of China using both two-dimensional nonlinear model and three-dimensional model for varied load cases. The two-dimensional nonlinear model utilizes a nonlinear constitute model of soil material and equivalent two-dimensional live loads based on vehicle loads adopt in Chinese Highway Bridge Design Code to model the soil-structure interaction; The three-dimension model is built up by real shape of corrugations using the equivalent soil pressure loads. The performance of the finite element models is examined by conducting comparisons with both nonlinear improved closed-form elasticity solution and the measured results for the circular culverts and arch bridges.
The review of soil-steel structure design practice revealed numerous differences among current method as well as deficiencies. Proposed design limit states were identified and the partial safety factors for loads and resistance was discussed base on the unified standard for reliability design of China. In the end, a simplified design method for soil-steel structure has been developed based on the analysis results of this paper and comparisons work of design practices.
本文的核心是研究覆土波纹钢板桥涵在恒载与活载作用下的土与结构相互作用,并在此基础上提出对应于我国公路可靠度统一标准与荷载规范的设计方法。本文分别建立了波纹钢板管涵与拱桥的二维非线性数值模型与三维数值模型,将两者的分析结果与实验值做了对比,分析了两种模型的优劣,并且将土与结构相互作用对结构受力性能的影响用数值分析的结果做了说明,另外对于波纹钢板管涵,本文提出了非线性改进的弹性解答,其结果与数值分析的结果和实验值做了对比。在二维非线性数值模型中,采用了土的非线性本构关系,施加于其上的活载经过了等效计算;在三维数值模型中,模型是按波纹的实际形状拼装而成的,土体等效为土压力荷载,没有考虑土与结构的相互作用。
最后,通过比较各国现行规范,揭示了现行设计方法的诸多差异与缺陷。结合我国公路可靠度统一标准,提出了波纹钢板桥涵结构对应的极限状态及各自的分项系数。基于国外设计规范的比较结果,综合数值模型、土与结构相互作用理论的分析结论,提出了适用于我国荷载标准与可靠度统一标准的设计方法并给出算例。
Corrugated steel plate bridges widely built as highway structures of small spans, which are so-called soil-steel bridges, derive their strength from the interaction between the soil and the corrugated steel components of the system.
The objective of this paper is to study the soil-structure interaction for soil-steel structures under earth and live loadings and to develop a simplified design procedure for corrugated steel culverts and bridges. The objective is met by conducting an extensive finite element analysis for a circular culvert and arch bridge in Inner Mongolia of China using both two-dimensional nonlinear model and three-dimensional model for varied load cases. The two-dimensional nonlinear model utilizes a nonlinear constitute model of soil material and equivalent two-dimensional live loads based on vehicle loads adopt in Chinese Highway Bridge Design Code to model the soil-structure interaction; The three-dimension model is built up by real shape of corrugations using the equivalent soil pressure loads. The performance of the finite element models is examined by conducting comparisons with both nonlinear improved closed-form elasticity solution and the measured results for the circular culverts and arch bridges.
The review of soil-steel structure design practice revealed numerous differences among current method as well as deficiencies. Proposed design limit states were identified and the partial safety factors for loads and resistance was discussed base on the unified standard for reliability design of China. In the end, a simplified design method for soil-steel structure has been developed based on the analysis results of this paper and comparisons work of design practices.
引文
[1]George Abdel-Sayed,Baidar Bakht,Leslie G.Jaeger.Soil-Steel Bridges Design & Construction [M].New York.McGraw-Hill.1993
[2]Corrugated Steel Pipe Institute.Handbook of drainage and highway construction products[M].Second Canadian Edition.Ontario.2002
[3]陈昌伟.波形钢板结构及其在公路工程中的应用[J].公路,2000(7):48-54.
[4]AASHTO,LRFD Bridge Design Specifications,American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials[S],444 N.Capitol St.,N.W.,Ste.249,Washington,D.C.20001
[5]Lee,R.W.S.Kennedy,D.J.L.Behavior of Bolted Joints of Corrugated Steel Plates[R],Edmonton,Alberta,Canada:University of Alberta,1988
[6]CAN/CSA-S6-00.2000-11.Canadian Highway Bridge Design Code[S].Toronto,Ontario,Canada.
[7]Duncan JM.Behavior and design of long-span metal culverts[J].ASCE Strut Div 1979;105(GT3) 399-417
[8]Hafez,H.Abdel-Sayed,G.Soil Failure in Shallow Covers above Flexible Conduits[J].Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering,1983,10(4):pp654-661
[9]Abdel-Sayed,G.Minimum Depth of Soil Cover above Soil-Steel Bridges[J].JOURNAL OF GEOTECHNICAL AND GEOENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING.2002
[10]Richard J.Analysis of Geocell Reinforced-soil Covers Over Large Span Conduits[J].Computers and Geotechnics,1998
[11]Hesham Mohammed.Improving the Response of Soil-Metal Structures during Construction[J].JOURNAL OF BRIDGE ENGINEERING(ASCE).2002
[12]Kendall Bom.Analysis of circular geogrid-reinforced soil-steel bridge[D].Ontario,Canada:University of Windsor.2003
[13]CZESLAW MACHELSKI.INFLUENCE OF LIVE LOADS ON THE SOIL-STEEL BRIDGES[J].Studia Geotechnica et Mechanica.2004
[14]CZESLAW MACHELSKI.Load rate of the circumferential sector of soil-steel bridge structures BRIDGES[J].ARCHIVES OF CIVIL AND MECHANICAL ENGINEERING.2005
[15]CZESLAW MACHELSKI.LIVE LOAD EFFECTS ON A SOIL-STEEL BRIDGE FOUNDED ON ELASTIC SUPPORTS[J].Studia Geotechnica et Mechanica.2006
[16]S Lee,B Chun,B Ahn,J Rhee.Dynamic behaviors of corrugated steel plate structures in open-cut tunnels[J].Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology.2006
[17]李祝龙.高原多年冻土地区波纹管涵应用技术研究[J].公路.2000
[18]李祝龙.钢波纹管涵洞力学性能现场试验研究[J].公路交通科技.2006
[19]季文玉.金属波纹管涵洞受力行为理论分析与试验研究[D].北京;北京交通大学.2004
[20]蒋雪梅.公路钢波纹拱涵和管涵的试验研究与计算分析[D].北京:北京交通大学.2004
[21]张峰.覆土波纹钢拱桥模型试验和有限元分析[D].北京:北京交通大学.2008
[22]李祝龙.公路钢波纹管涵洞设计与施工技术[M].北京:人民交通出版社.2007
[23]A.P0莫泽 著 北京市市政工程设计研究总院《地下管设计》翻译组 译.地下管设计[M]. 北京:机械工业出版社.2003
[24]黄清猷.地下管道计算[M].武汉:湖北科学技术出版社.1987
[25]Burns,J.Q.,and Richard,R.M.Attenuation of Stresses for Buried Cylinders[R].Symposium on Soil-Structure Interaction,Tucson.:University of Arizona Engineering Research Laboratory,1964
[26]耶梅里杨诺夫.地下柔性管计算[J].《建筑力学与结构物计算》.1961
[27]Michael G.Katona.CANDE-2007 Culvert Analysis and Design Solution Methods and Formulations[Z].2007
[28]JTG D60-2004.2004-10-1.公路桥涵设计通用规范[S].北京:人民交通出版社.2004
[29]Junsuk Kang.SOIL-STRUCTURE INTERACTION AND IMPERFECT TRENCH INSTALLATIONS AS APPLIED TO DEEPLY BURIED CONDUITS[D].Auburn,Alabama:the Graduate Faculty of Auburn University 2007
[30](韩国)建设交通部,道路公司标准说明书[S](5-2波形钢板拱涵).2003
[31]GB/T 50283-1999.公路工程结构可靠度设计统一标准[S].北京:中国计划出版社.1999
[32]GB 50017-2003.钢结构设计规范[S].北京:中国计划出版社.2003
[33]李昆.我国钢桥可靠度设计中抗力分项系数的建议值[J].华中科技大学.2008
[34]尹航.覆土波纹钢板拱桥力学性能分析及设计方法研究[D].北京:北京交通大学.2008
[35]S.P.铁摩辛柯、J.M.盖莱著.张福范译.弹性稳定理论[M].北京:科学出版社.1965
[36]Watkins,R.K.Structure Design of buried circular Conduits[R].Highway Research Record NO.145.1966
[37]American Society for Testing and Materials.Standard Practice for Structural design of Corrugated Steel Pipe,Pipe-Arches,and Arches for Storm and Sanitary Sewers and Other Buried Applications.West Conshohocken,2004
[38]McGrath,T.J.,Moore,I.D.Recommended Specifications for Large-Span Culverts[R],NCHRP Report 473.Transportation Research Board,Washington,DC.2002
[39]American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.2008 AASHTO BRIDGE COMMITTEE AGENDA ITEM:50(REVISION 1)[R].The PRELIMINARY versions of the Balloted Items from the 2008 Subcommittee on Bridges and Structures Meeting.Washington,DC.2008
[2]Corrugated Steel Pipe Institute.Handbook of drainage and highway construction products[M].Second Canadian Edition.Ontario.2002
[3]陈昌伟.波形钢板结构及其在公路工程中的应用[J].公路,2000(7):48-54.
[4]AASHTO,LRFD Bridge Design Specifications,American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials[S],444 N.Capitol St.,N.W.,Ste.249,Washington,D.C.20001
[5]Lee,R.W.S.Kennedy,D.J.L.Behavior of Bolted Joints of Corrugated Steel Plates[R],Edmonton,Alberta,Canada:University of Alberta,1988
[6]CAN/CSA-S6-00.2000-11.Canadian Highway Bridge Design Code[S].Toronto,Ontario,Canada.
[7]Duncan JM.Behavior and design of long-span metal culverts[J].ASCE Strut Div 1979;105(GT3) 399-417
[8]Hafez,H.Abdel-Sayed,G.Soil Failure in Shallow Covers above Flexible Conduits[J].Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering,1983,10(4):pp654-661
[9]Abdel-Sayed,G.Minimum Depth of Soil Cover above Soil-Steel Bridges[J].JOURNAL OF GEOTECHNICAL AND GEOENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING.2002
[10]Richard J.Analysis of Geocell Reinforced-soil Covers Over Large Span Conduits[J].Computers and Geotechnics,1998
[11]Hesham Mohammed.Improving the Response of Soil-Metal Structures during Construction[J].JOURNAL OF BRIDGE ENGINEERING(ASCE).2002
[12]Kendall Bom.Analysis of circular geogrid-reinforced soil-steel bridge[D].Ontario,Canada:University of Windsor.2003
[13]CZESLAW MACHELSKI.INFLUENCE OF LIVE LOADS ON THE SOIL-STEEL BRIDGES[J].Studia Geotechnica et Mechanica.2004
[14]CZESLAW MACHELSKI.Load rate of the circumferential sector of soil-steel bridge structures BRIDGES[J].ARCHIVES OF CIVIL AND MECHANICAL ENGINEERING.2005
[15]CZESLAW MACHELSKI.LIVE LOAD EFFECTS ON A SOIL-STEEL BRIDGE FOUNDED ON ELASTIC SUPPORTS[J].Studia Geotechnica et Mechanica.2006
[16]S Lee,B Chun,B Ahn,J Rhee.Dynamic behaviors of corrugated steel plate structures in open-cut tunnels[J].Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology.2006
[17]李祝龙.高原多年冻土地区波纹管涵应用技术研究[J].公路.2000
[18]李祝龙.钢波纹管涵洞力学性能现场试验研究[J].公路交通科技.2006
[19]季文玉.金属波纹管涵洞受力行为理论分析与试验研究[D].北京;北京交通大学.2004
[20]蒋雪梅.公路钢波纹拱涵和管涵的试验研究与计算分析[D].北京:北京交通大学.2004
[21]张峰.覆土波纹钢拱桥模型试验和有限元分析[D].北京:北京交通大学.2008
[22]李祝龙.公路钢波纹管涵洞设计与施工技术[M].北京:人民交通出版社.2007
[23]A.P0莫泽 著 北京市市政工程设计研究总院《地下管设计》翻译组 译.地下管设计[M]. 北京:机械工业出版社.2003
[24]黄清猷.地下管道计算[M].武汉:湖北科学技术出版社.1987
[25]Burns,J.Q.,and Richard,R.M.Attenuation of Stresses for Buried Cylinders[R].Symposium on Soil-Structure Interaction,Tucson.:University of Arizona Engineering Research Laboratory,1964
[26]耶梅里杨诺夫.地下柔性管计算[J].《建筑力学与结构物计算》.1961
[27]Michael G.Katona.CANDE-2007 Culvert Analysis and Design Solution Methods and Formulations[Z].2007
[28]JTG D60-2004.2004-10-1.公路桥涵设计通用规范[S].北京:人民交通出版社.2004
[29]Junsuk Kang.SOIL-STRUCTURE INTERACTION AND IMPERFECT TRENCH INSTALLATIONS AS APPLIED TO DEEPLY BURIED CONDUITS[D].Auburn,Alabama:the Graduate Faculty of Auburn University 2007
[30](韩国)建设交通部,道路公司标准说明书[S](5-2波形钢板拱涵).2003
[31]GB/T 50283-1999.公路工程结构可靠度设计统一标准[S].北京:中国计划出版社.1999
[32]GB 50017-2003.钢结构设计规范[S].北京:中国计划出版社.2003
[33]李昆.我国钢桥可靠度设计中抗力分项系数的建议值[J].华中科技大学.2008
[34]尹航.覆土波纹钢板拱桥力学性能分析及设计方法研究[D].北京:北京交通大学.2008
[35]S.P.铁摩辛柯、J.M.盖莱著.张福范译.弹性稳定理论[M].北京:科学出版社.1965
[36]Watkins,R.K.Structure Design of buried circular Conduits[R].Highway Research Record NO.145.1966
[37]American Society for Testing and Materials.Standard Practice for Structural design of Corrugated Steel Pipe,Pipe-Arches,and Arches for Storm and Sanitary Sewers and Other Buried Applications.West Conshohocken,2004
[38]McGrath,T.J.,Moore,I.D.Recommended Specifications for Large-Span Culverts[R],NCHRP Report 473.Transportation Research Board,Washington,DC.2002
[39]American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.2008 AASHTO BRIDGE COMMITTEE AGENDA ITEM:50(REVISION 1)[R].The PRELIMINARY versions of the Balloted Items from the 2008 Subcommittee on Bridges and Structures Meeting.Washington,DC.2008