寒区隧道保温防冻技术研究
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摘要
随着我国高速公路的快速发展,特别是西部大开发和振兴东北老工业基地政策的进一步落实,在西部高海拔与东北部寒冷地区也将出现更多的公路隧道,这些隧道由于受寒冷气候的影响,极易产生隧道冻害现象。隧道衬砌开裂、剥落、挂冰和路面冒水、结冰等病害,严重消弱了隧道的使用功能和寿命。为了整治这些隧道冻害,管理者曾投入了大量的人力、物力、财力,然而效果却不尽人意。针对这一现状,本文以吉林省新交洞隧道为依托工程,对寒区公路隧道的保温防冻问题进行了研究。
论文在对国内外寒区隧道应用的抗防冻措施的调研分析的基础上,通过对隧道温度场的测试和冻害机理特征的多角度分析,揭示了隧道围岩的温度场随时间的各种变化规律及隧道冻害产生的直接或间接的原因、条件,并针对这些原因、条件阐述了对应的各种防治措施。而后针对寒区隧道的这些特点,提出以防排水为主的综合保温防冻措施。其中,采取的在衬砌下隅角背后设置保温层与在衬砌紧靠防水层一侧设置环向电加热带的措施,在国内尚属首次,为我国寒区隧道保温防冻技术开辟了新途径,具有重大的工程实际意义和广阔的应用前景。
本文还通过对新交洞隧道洞内外环境的气温、二次衬砌背后及不同深度的围岩体的温度进行监测和分析,得到了隧道内不同部位的温度场分布规律,为防冻保温层的设计提供了依据;针对温度场分布的情况,根据热传导的原理,通过计算分析确定保温层的厚度公式,并且通过实例对公式进行了验证,又根据新交洞的实际情况,对其采用的保温层进行了厚度计算;最后将加热措施这一实际问题简化为热学模型,根据虚拟热源法,计算出有电加热带影响下的围岩温度场分布。
As the rapid development of our country's highway, and the implementation of the state's the policy of the Great Development of the Western Regions and the northeast old industrial base promotion, a lot of tunnels will be built in elevations areas or circumpolar areas in the big west. These tunnels suffer easily cold damages. Cold damages of the lining surface, peeling off, ice covering, watering and freezing of the road surface in tunnels have been greatly weakening the service capacity and life. The managers cost a lot for the cold damage control project, but the result doesn't satisfying. Aiming at the present situation, taking Jilin XinJiaoDong tunnel as actual background, this paper studies on the problem of heat preservation and antifreeze in the tunnel in cold areas.
On the base of investigating and analyzing all kinds of anti-freezing measurements applied in the worldwide, by means of monitoring and analyzing of temperature field and characters of cold damages mechanics, discovered the regularity of temperature field as the time and all kinds of the reasons of cold damages. Moreover, aiming at characters of highway tunnels in cold areas, this paper puts forward comprehensive heat preservation and antifreeze measures by the most of waterproof and drainage. Among those, adopting the measures of setting up thermal insulating layer on the back of lining at the bottom corners and installing electro-thermal wires between the water-proof layer and the lining has been the first application at home, and discovered a new way to solving the cold damage problems in tunnels in cold areas, this has major meaning of engineering practice and a great construction application prospect.
By means of monitoring and analyzing of air temperature, temperature backside secondary linings and temperature of surrounding rock within certain depth, the paper gets variation laws of temperature of different position inside XinJiaoDong Tunnel, and provided the basis for the design of the anti-freezing layer. Aiming at characters of temperature field, by the principle of adiabatic, we calculated and decided the thickness of the layer by way of equivalent conversion. It is verified by actuality, and by the real situation, the thickness of insulating layer is caculated. At last, the realistic with heating measure is simplified to heat model, by assumptive heat source method; we can determine the temperature distribution of surrounding rock with the electro-thermal wire.
论文在对国内外寒区隧道应用的抗防冻措施的调研分析的基础上,通过对隧道温度场的测试和冻害机理特征的多角度分析,揭示了隧道围岩的温度场随时间的各种变化规律及隧道冻害产生的直接或间接的原因、条件,并针对这些原因、条件阐述了对应的各种防治措施。而后针对寒区隧道的这些特点,提出以防排水为主的综合保温防冻措施。其中,采取的在衬砌下隅角背后设置保温层与在衬砌紧靠防水层一侧设置环向电加热带的措施,在国内尚属首次,为我国寒区隧道保温防冻技术开辟了新途径,具有重大的工程实际意义和广阔的应用前景。
本文还通过对新交洞隧道洞内外环境的气温、二次衬砌背后及不同深度的围岩体的温度进行监测和分析,得到了隧道内不同部位的温度场分布规律,为防冻保温层的设计提供了依据;针对温度场分布的情况,根据热传导的原理,通过计算分析确定保温层的厚度公式,并且通过实例对公式进行了验证,又根据新交洞的实际情况,对其采用的保温层进行了厚度计算;最后将加热措施这一实际问题简化为热学模型,根据虚拟热源法,计算出有电加热带影响下的围岩温度场分布。
As the rapid development of our country's highway, and the implementation of the state's the policy of the Great Development of the Western Regions and the northeast old industrial base promotion, a lot of tunnels will be built in elevations areas or circumpolar areas in the big west. These tunnels suffer easily cold damages. Cold damages of the lining surface, peeling off, ice covering, watering and freezing of the road surface in tunnels have been greatly weakening the service capacity and life. The managers cost a lot for the cold damage control project, but the result doesn't satisfying. Aiming at the present situation, taking Jilin XinJiaoDong tunnel as actual background, this paper studies on the problem of heat preservation and antifreeze in the tunnel in cold areas.
On the base of investigating and analyzing all kinds of anti-freezing measurements applied in the worldwide, by means of monitoring and analyzing of temperature field and characters of cold damages mechanics, discovered the regularity of temperature field as the time and all kinds of the reasons of cold damages. Moreover, aiming at characters of highway tunnels in cold areas, this paper puts forward comprehensive heat preservation and antifreeze measures by the most of waterproof and drainage. Among those, adopting the measures of setting up thermal insulating layer on the back of lining at the bottom corners and installing electro-thermal wires between the water-proof layer and the lining has been the first application at home, and discovered a new way to solving the cold damage problems in tunnels in cold areas, this has major meaning of engineering practice and a great construction application prospect.
By means of monitoring and analyzing of air temperature, temperature backside secondary linings and temperature of surrounding rock within certain depth, the paper gets variation laws of temperature of different position inside XinJiaoDong Tunnel, and provided the basis for the design of the anti-freezing layer. Aiming at characters of temperature field, by the principle of adiabatic, we calculated and decided the thickness of the layer by way of equivalent conversion. It is verified by actuality, and by the real situation, the thickness of insulating layer is caculated. At last, the realistic with heating measure is simplified to heat model, by assumptive heat source method; we can determine the temperature distribution of surrounding rock with the electro-thermal wire.
引文
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[37]于明志,彭晓峰.基于线热源模型的地下岩土热物性测试方法[J].太阳能学报,2006,27(3)
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[2]陈建勋.公路隧道冻害防治技术[D].长安大学硕士学位论文,2004
[3]关宝树.隧道工程设计要点集[M].北京:人民交通出版,2003
[4]长珲高速公路建设办公室,长安大学.《隧道防水防冻技术方案》[R].2002.4
[5]吴紫汪,赖远明,藏恩穆.寒区隧道工程[M].北京:海洋出版社,2003
[6]张祉道.高海拔及严寒地区隧道防冻设计[J].现代隧道技术.2004 41(3)
[7]吕康成,崔凌秋.寒冷地区隧道渗漏与冻害综合防治技术[J].公路,2006
[8]王建宇.隧道工程的技术进步[M].北京:中国铁道出版社,2004
[9]马建新.高寒地区特长公路隧道温度场及保温隔热层方案研究[D].西南交通大学硕士学位论文2006
[10]青海交通厅.大坂山公路隧道防寒保温门的原理及应用[J].冰川冻土,1999(6)
[11]张全胜.寒区隧道围岩损伤试验研究和水热迁移分析[D].同济大学博士学位论文,2006
[12]方梁正.公路隧道渗漏与冻害防治研究.长安大学硕士学位论文,2001
[13]吕康成,崔凌秋,解赴东.寒区隧道春融期渗漏水原因分析及预防方法[J].现代隧道技术,2001,38(4)
[14]孙文昊.寒区特长公路隧道抗防冻对策研究[D].西南交通大学硕士学位论文,2005
[15]吴剑.隧道冻害机理及冻胀力计算方法的研究[D].西南交通大学硕士学位论文,2004
[16]吉林省公路勘测设计院.新交洞隧道施工图设计.
[17]吕康成,崔凌秋.寒冷地区隧道春融期冻害防治研究[A].2005年全国公路隧道学术论文集[C].
[18]贾翔军,翟大勤.高海拔寒冷地区隧道施工防冻胀技术[J].国外公路,1999,16(6)
[19]昝勇杰,陈建勋.大坂山公路隧道防冻隔温层效果现场测试与分析[J].公路,2001,10
[20]陈建勋.寒冷地区隧道防冻隔温层设计计算方法及应用[J].土木工程学报, 2004,11
[21]曹红奋,梅国梁.传热学[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2004
[22]姚仲鹏,王瑞君.传热学[M].北京:北京理工大学出版社,2003
[23]李书民,王建伟.南水北调工程防冻胀保温层厚度计算方法讨论[J].河北水利水电技术,2000(3)
[24]邹宁宇.绝热材料应用技术[M].北京:中国石化出版社,2005
[25]贾翔军,张铮.高海拔寒冷地区隧道施工防冻胀技术研究[J].西部探矿工程,1999,5(6)
[26]王大为,吕康成.小盘岭隧道防渗防冻技术研究[J].东北公路,2001,6
[27]白国权.高寒地区特长公路隧道温度场及保温隔热层方案研究[D].西南交通大学硕士学位论文,2006
[28]孙德兴.高等传热学[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2005
[29]王余富.寒区公路隧道温度场特征研究[D].长安大学硕士学位论文,2006
[30]周洪伟.电加热油气集输埋地管道传热试验研究[D].大庆石油学院硕士论文,2006
[31]樊洪鸣,史守峡.地下直埋管道的温度场分析[J].哈尔滨建筑大学学报,1999,32(5)
[32]原国红.季节冻土水分迁移的机理及数值模拟[D].吉林大学博士学位论文,2006
[33]庞丽萍,王浚.热介质直埋管道周围温度场仿真研究[J].系统仿真学报,2004,16(3)
[34]G M Elliott and M R Sandfort,Golder Associates,and J C May.How to prevent tunnel ice-up.TUNNEL&TUNNELLLING,1995(11)
[35]Ladanyi B.Geotechnique for cold regions.New York:MCGraw Hill Book Company.1978.2-275
[36]刁乃仁.地热换热器的传热问题研究及其工程应用[J].清华大学硕士学位论文,2004
[37]于明志,彭晓峰.基于线热源模型的地下岩土热物性测试方法[J].太阳能学报,2006,27(3)
[38]李萍,张薇.具有点热源和线热源分布的温度场动态数值模拟[J].热能工程, 2005,34(2)
[39]李新国.埋地换热器内热源理论与地源热泵运行特性研究[D].天津大学博士学位论文,2004
[40]张素云.水平埋管换热器地热源热泵实验研究[D].重庆大学硕士学位论文,2001
[41]吴挺,赵军.水平埋管周围土壤温度场数值模拟研究[J].华北电力大学学报,2004,31(6)
[42]于明志,李明钧.土壤冻结对地热换热器传热的影响[J].山东建筑工程学院学报,2001,16(1)
[43]罗延龄.自限温型PTC电热带的性能评价[J].电线电缆,2001,6
[44]李俊.浅谈自限温电热带新型保温法[J].山西建筑.2002,28(4)
[45]李向群.吉林省公路冻害原因分析及处理方法研究[D].吉林大学博士学位论文,2006
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