背诵策略在农村初中英语教学中的应用
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摘要
近年来,随着教育改革的全面深入,背诵——这一语言学习最基本的策略在中学英语教学中的地位遭到质疑。背诵真的已经是过时了吗?笔者在阐述背诵形成的理论依据的基础上,结合农村初中英语教学现状以及教学实验,说明了背诵是我国农村英语基础学习者不可或缺的方法。本文主要通过教学实验和问卷调查验证了在农村中学应用背诵策略的可行性和实效性。教学实验中的92个受试为泉州市凌霄中学初一年的学生,实验为期三个月。研究结果表明:在英语学习中使用背诵策略的班级的学习成绩高于不使用背诵策略的班级,这说明了背诵有助于英语学习成绩的提高,其中对词汇的掌握和写作能力的提高尤为显著。调查发现,背诵受到绝大多数学生的欢迎。最后,笔者对如何指导学生更快乐,更有效地背诵提出了几点建议。本研究的发现对农村初中英语教学具有一定的参考意义。当然,这一策略并非唯一或最好的学习策略。作者只希望通过自己的努力为日受冷落的背诵法正名,唤起教育界对其的再认识与重视。
With the quality education being promoted throughout China, recitation, the basic strategy of language learning, has been questioned by lots of experts and scholars. This thesis has been conducted to investigate the feasibility and effectiveness of recitation strategy in English teaching in rural junior high schools. A questionnaire and a teaching experiment with a posttest were adopted as the chief instruments to perform the investigation. Based on a combination of the theoretical research and a teaching experiment, the paper aims at proving that recitation is still a practical method in language learning. 92 students in Quanzhou Lingxiao High School were chosen as the subjects for this study. The experiment lasted for 12 weeks in the first term of Grade7. The study shows that the experimental group scored higher than the control group. This indicates that most students benefited from recitation in English learning, especially in vocabulary and writing. And they hold positive attitude towards recitation. Finally, the author gave some recommendations on instructing students to recite voluntarily, happily and effectively. The findings of the present study offer some insights as well as practical values for future English teaching in rural junior high schools. Of course, the conclusion and suggestions can be improved upon with additional research. The author tried to emphasize the importance of recitation in English teaching, evoking educational circles to give a second thought and pay more attention to the problem under discussion.
With the quality education being promoted throughout China, recitation, the basic strategy of language learning, has been questioned by lots of experts and scholars. This thesis has been conducted to investigate the feasibility and effectiveness of recitation strategy in English teaching in rural junior high schools. A questionnaire and a teaching experiment with a posttest were adopted as the chief instruments to perform the investigation. Based on a combination of the theoretical research and a teaching experiment, the paper aims at proving that recitation is still a practical method in language learning. 92 students in Quanzhou Lingxiao High School were chosen as the subjects for this study. The experiment lasted for 12 weeks in the first term of Grade7. The study shows that the experimental group scored higher than the control group. This indicates that most students benefited from recitation in English learning, especially in vocabulary and writing. And they hold positive attitude towards recitation. Finally, the author gave some recommendations on instructing students to recite voluntarily, happily and effectively. The findings of the present study offer some insights as well as practical values for future English teaching in rural junior high schools. Of course, the conclusion and suggestions can be improved upon with additional research. The author tried to emphasize the importance of recitation in English teaching, evoking educational circles to give a second thought and pay more attention to the problem under discussion.
引文
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Bialystok,E.1991.Achieving Proficiency in a Second Language:a Processing Description.Philipsone tal.(eds).
Cohen,A.D.1998.Strategies in Learning and Using a Second Language.Cambridge University Press
Cook,G.1994.Repetition and Learning by Heart:An Aspect of Intimate Discourse,and Its Implications.ELT Journal,48:133—141.
Kenneth.L.Higbee,Ph .D.1988.Your Memory:How to Work and How to Improve It.New York:Simon&Schuster,Inc.
Krashen,S.1982.Principles and Practice in Second Language Acquisition.Oxford:Pergamon
Krashen,S.1985.The Input Hypothesis.London:Longman.
Krashen,S.D.1981.Second Language Acquisition and Second Language Learning.Oxford:Pergamon Press
Krashen,S.D.1982.Principles and Practices in Second Language Acquisition.New York:Pergamon Institute for English
Olson,D.R.1988.Mind and Media:The Epistemic Function of Literacy.Journal communications 38:27—35.
O'Malley,J.M.& Chamot,A.U.1990.Learning Strategies in Second Language Acquisition.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press
Oxford R.L.1992/1993. Language Learning Strategies in A Nutshell:Update and ESL Suggestions.TESOL Journal,2,2:18-22.” Oxford,R.L.1990a.Language Learning Strategies and Beyond:A Look at Strategies In the Context of Styles.In S.S.Magnan( Ed.).Shfiting the Instructional Focus to the Learner.35-55.Middlebury,VT:Northeast Conference on the Teaching of Foreign Languages.” Parry,K.1998.Culture,Literacy,and Learning English: Voices from the Chinese Classroom Portsmouth,NH:Heinemann
Pennycook,A. 1996.Borrowing Others' Words:Text,Ownership,Memory,and Plagiarism. TESOL Quarterly, 3O: 201—230.
Rod Ellis.1985.Understanding Second Language Acquisition.Oxford University Press
Rubin,J.1987.Learner Strategies:Theoretical Assumptions,Research History and Typology.In A .Wenden&J.Rubin( Eds.).Learner Strategies and Language Learning:.Englewood Cliffs,N J:Prentice Hall.15 -29
Schmidt,R.1990.The role of consciousness in second language learning Applied Linguistics 11:17-46
Scovel,J.1983.English Teaching in China:A Historical Perspective.Language Learning and Communication,2:,1:105—110.” Stern,H.H.1983. Fundamental Concept in Language Learning.Oxford:Oxford University Press
Tarone,E.1981.Some Thoughts on the Notion of Communication Strategy.TESOL Quarterly 15:285
Weinstein,C.E.and Mayer,R.E.1986.The Teaching of Learning Strategies.In M.C.Wittrock (ed.).Handbook of research on teaching.3rd ed.New York:Macmillan.”
Bao Tianren[包天仁], 2004,文秋芳教授访谈灵,Foreign Language Teaching and Research in Basic Education。
Ben Peiyun[贲培云],2005,广泛性背诵一种有效的学习策略,《安徽大学硕士学位论文》,合肥:安徽大学,1-45。
Ding Yanren,Qi Van[丁言仁,戚焱],2001,背诵课文在英语学习中的作用,《外语界》,第5期58-65。
Dong Wen,Fu Lixu[董卫,付黎旭],2003,背诵式语言输入在大学英语教学中的作用《外语界》,第4期,39-45。
Feng Yan[冯艳],2005,背诵在外语教学中的地位和作用,《河南师范大学学报》,(教育科学版)第24卷,第3期67-71。
Hu Shi[胡适],1992,我的信仰。姚鹏、范桥(编),《胡适散文》第四卷,北京:中国广播电视出版社。
Huang Yuanzhen[黄远振],2003,《新课程英语教与学》。福州:福建教育出版社。
Lin Xinshi[林新事],2001,模仿在英语教学中的地位,《基础教育研究》,第1期,29-35。
Long Xianping、Rong Shimin[龙献平农时敏],2004,背诵策略应用于大学英语教学实证研究,《云梦学刊》,第25卷第3期,117-118。
Wang Chuming[王初明],2001,正确认识外语学习过程是提高外语教学质量的关键,《外语与外语教学》,第10期。
Wang Su,Wang Ansheng[王甦,汪安圣],1992,《认知心理学》。北京:北京大学出版社。
Wang Xiaoyan[王晓燕],2002,加强背诵克服母语负迁移,《唐山师范学院学报》,2002.24(3)。
Xie Jun[谢军],2002,背诵课文—学习英语的重要方法,《菏泽医专学报》,第3期第14卷,89-90。
Xi Ke[辛柯],2004,记忆理论在英语习得中的应用研究,《西北工业大学硕士学位论文》,西安:西北工业大学,1-57
Ye Yiqian,He Cundao[叶奕乾,何存道],1990,《普通心理学》。北京:北京师范大学出版社。
Zhang Shifu[张世富],1997,《心理学》。北京:人民教育出版社。
Zhao Zhenming,An Qiuju[赵振明,安秋菊],2006,背诵的价值与策略研究,《山东教育》,39-40。
Zhou Lin[周琳],2005,背诵课文与大学EFL教学的相关性,《山地农业生物学报》,第24卷第3期,278-282。
Bialystok,E.1991.Achieving Proficiency in a Second Language:a Processing Description.Philipsone tal.(eds).
Cohen,A.D.1998.Strategies in Learning and Using a Second Language.Cambridge University Press
Cook,G.1994.Repetition and Learning by Heart:An Aspect of Intimate Discourse,and Its Implications.ELT Journal,48:133—141.
Kenneth.L.Higbee,Ph .D.1988.Your Memory:How to Work and How to Improve It.New York:Simon&Schuster,Inc.
Krashen,S.1982.Principles and Practice in Second Language Acquisition.Oxford:Pergamon
Krashen,S.1985.The Input Hypothesis.London:Longman.
Krashen,S.D.1981.Second Language Acquisition and Second Language Learning.Oxford:Pergamon Press
Krashen,S.D.1982.Principles and Practices in Second Language Acquisition.New York:Pergamon Institute for English
Olson,D.R.1988.Mind and Media:The Epistemic Function of Literacy.Journal communications 38:27—35.
O'Malley,J.M.& Chamot,A.U.1990.Learning Strategies in Second Language Acquisition.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press
Oxford R.L.1992/1993. Language Learning Strategies in A Nutshell:Update and ESL Suggestions.TESOL Journal,2,2:18-22.” Oxford,R.L.1990a.Language Learning Strategies and Beyond:A Look at Strategies In the Context of Styles.In S.S.Magnan( Ed.).Shfiting the Instructional Focus to the Learner.35-55.Middlebury,VT:Northeast Conference on the Teaching of Foreign Languages.” Parry,K.1998.Culture,Literacy,and Learning English: Voices from the Chinese Classroom Portsmouth,NH:Heinemann
Pennycook,A. 1996.Borrowing Others' Words:Text,Ownership,Memory,and Plagiarism. TESOL Quarterly, 3O: 201—230.
Rod Ellis.1985.Understanding Second Language Acquisition.Oxford University Press
Rubin,J.1987.Learner Strategies:Theoretical Assumptions,Research History and Typology.In A .Wenden&J.Rubin( Eds.).Learner Strategies and Language Learning:.Englewood Cliffs,N J:Prentice Hall.15 -29
Schmidt,R.1990.The role of consciousness in second language learning Applied Linguistics 11:17-46
Scovel,J.1983.English Teaching in China:A Historical Perspective.Language Learning and Communication,2:,1:105—110.” Stern,H.H.1983. Fundamental Concept in Language Learning.Oxford:Oxford University Press
Tarone,E.1981.Some Thoughts on the Notion of Communication Strategy.TESOL Quarterly 15:285
Weinstein,C.E.and Mayer,R.E.1986.The Teaching of Learning Strategies.In M.C.Wittrock (ed.).Handbook of research on teaching.3rd ed.New York:Macmillan.”
Bao Tianren[包天仁], 2004,文秋芳教授访谈灵,Foreign Language Teaching and Research in Basic Education。
Ben Peiyun[贲培云],2005,广泛性背诵一种有效的学习策略,《安徽大学硕士学位论文》,合肥:安徽大学,1-45。
Ding Yanren,Qi Van[丁言仁,戚焱],2001,背诵课文在英语学习中的作用,《外语界》,第5期58-65。
Dong Wen,Fu Lixu[董卫,付黎旭],2003,背诵式语言输入在大学英语教学中的作用《外语界》,第4期,39-45。
Feng Yan[冯艳],2005,背诵在外语教学中的地位和作用,《河南师范大学学报》,(教育科学版)第24卷,第3期67-71。
Hu Shi[胡适],1992,我的信仰。姚鹏、范桥(编),《胡适散文》第四卷,北京:中国广播电视出版社。
Huang Yuanzhen[黄远振],2003,《新课程英语教与学》。福州:福建教育出版社。
Lin Xinshi[林新事],2001,模仿在英语教学中的地位,《基础教育研究》,第1期,29-35。
Long Xianping、Rong Shimin[龙献平农时敏],2004,背诵策略应用于大学英语教学实证研究,《云梦学刊》,第25卷第3期,117-118。
Wang Chuming[王初明],2001,正确认识外语学习过程是提高外语教学质量的关键,《外语与外语教学》,第10期。
Wang Su,Wang Ansheng[王甦,汪安圣],1992,《认知心理学》。北京:北京大学出版社。
Wang Xiaoyan[王晓燕],2002,加强背诵克服母语负迁移,《唐山师范学院学报》,2002.24(3)。
Xie Jun[谢军],2002,背诵课文—学习英语的重要方法,《菏泽医专学报》,第3期第14卷,89-90。
Xi Ke[辛柯],2004,记忆理论在英语习得中的应用研究,《西北工业大学硕士学位论文》,西安:西北工业大学,1-57
Ye Yiqian,He Cundao[叶奕乾,何存道],1990,《普通心理学》。北京:北京师范大学出版社。
Zhang Shifu[张世富],1997,《心理学》。北京:人民教育出版社。
Zhao Zhenming,An Qiuju[赵振明,安秋菊],2006,背诵的价值与策略研究,《山东教育》,39-40。
Zhou Lin[周琳],2005,背诵课文与大学EFL教学的相关性,《山地农业生物学报》,第24卷第3期,278-282。