医疗信息交换中HL7消息的构建/解析和传输关键技术研究
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摘要
在异构医疗信息系统的数据交换中，各系统数据的存储和表达方式相差很大，硬件环境参差不齐，信息很难在系统之间直接交换。要实现异构医疗信息系统的数据交换，需要通讯双方就数据交换的标准格式及通讯协议达成一致，即都遵守一定的数据交换协议，在众多侧重于文字传输的标准中，HL7标准应用最为广泛。
世界上许多发达国家和地区已经应用HL7标准建立起医疗信息交换网络，而我国在这方面的推广和应用才刚刚起步，针对这种现状，论文对基于HL7标准的医疗信息交换中若干关键技术展开研究。
本文设计了医疗信息交换系统的主要组成模块，从各个模块的功能及相互联系，可以看出HL7消息的构建／解析和消息传输是实现医疗信息交换的核心模块。论文的工作主要围绕上述两个模块的实现展开。
本文提出两种数据结构，一种是表达和存储HL7消息定义规则的“工”字型链表数据结构，用于消息构建／解析过程中的有效性验证，另一种是消息的多级指针链表数据结构，用于保存消息的组成元素并反映它们之间的相互联系。基于消息的抽象数据结构，设计了HL7消息的构建／解析算法。应用此算法开发的通用动态链接库，可在运行时加载于其它程序模块，通过其函数接口，灵活地实现HL7消息的构建／解析。给出消息构建／解析的运行实例。
在消息传输方面，应用面向连接的客户机／服务器模式，采用TCP／IP协议和WinSock套接字编程，实现消息的发送和接收。
通过以上两方面的工作，实现了医疗信息交换中消息的构建、发送、接收、解析的基本交换流程。为医疗信息交换技术的深入研究打下基础。
Since the data formats and the hardware environments vary between the existing hospital information systems, there must comply with some kind of specific standards in many layers to realize clinical data exchange. Terms and codes should be standardized, syntax wrapping the data must be mutually parsable, and transfer protocol or exchange media should be consistent. Among many health data exchange standards for the text characters, health level 7(HL7) is most successful.
A lot of developed countries and areas have constructed the hospital information interchange network based on HL7; however, there is poor experience about HL7 application in China. This thesis is devoted to investigate some key techniques in hospital information interchange based on HL7.
An architecture of the hospital information interchange system based on HL7 is designed in this thesis. According to analyzing the function and relationship of the modules, it can be concluded that the HL7 message parser/builder and transmission module are the core of hospital information interchange system, on which this thesis is focused.
In this thesis, an I-section-like linked list data structure for HL7 encoding rules is proposed for the message validation checking during the process of message building/parsing. Furthermore, a multilevel pointer linked list data structure of message is devised to store the components of message and to reflect their relationships. In order to develop universal dynamic link library for HL7 building/parsing, an algorithm for HL7 builder/parser is studied based on the above abstract data structure of message. The dynamic link library developed could be connected to other modules as running. Through the application program interface of the library mentioned above, the interconversion of message and application data become easy. An example case for HL7 parser/builder is presented to demonstrate the validation of the algorithm and dynamic link library.
On message transmission, the message sending and receiving service across network is completed through programming with winsock on TCP/IP by client -server model.
Based on the techniques provided in this thesis, the fundamental process of hospital information interchange, message building - sending - receiving -parsing, has been put into implementation. This thesis also provides a technology basis for the further study on hospital information interchange.
世界上许多发达国家和地区已经应用HL7标准建立起医疗信息交换网络，而我国在这方面的推广和应用才刚刚起步，针对这种现状，论文对基于HL7标准的医疗信息交换中若干关键技术展开研究。
本文设计了医疗信息交换系统的主要组成模块，从各个模块的功能及相互联系，可以看出HL7消息的构建／解析和消息传输是实现医疗信息交换的核心模块。论文的工作主要围绕上述两个模块的实现展开。
本文提出两种数据结构，一种是表达和存储HL7消息定义规则的“工”字型链表数据结构，用于消息构建／解析过程中的有效性验证，另一种是消息的多级指针链表数据结构，用于保存消息的组成元素并反映它们之间的相互联系。基于消息的抽象数据结构，设计了HL7消息的构建／解析算法。应用此算法开发的通用动态链接库，可在运行时加载于其它程序模块，通过其函数接口，灵活地实现HL7消息的构建／解析。给出消息构建／解析的运行实例。
在消息传输方面，应用面向连接的客户机／服务器模式，采用TCP／IP协议和WinSock套接字编程，实现消息的发送和接收。
通过以上两方面的工作，实现了医疗信息交换中消息的构建、发送、接收、解析的基本交换流程。为医疗信息交换技术的深入研究打下基础。
Since the data formats and the hardware environments vary between the existing hospital information systems, there must comply with some kind of specific standards in many layers to realize clinical data exchange. Terms and codes should be standardized, syntax wrapping the data must be mutually parsable, and transfer protocol or exchange media should be consistent. Among many health data exchange standards for the text characters, health level 7(HL7) is most successful.
A lot of developed countries and areas have constructed the hospital information interchange network based on HL7; however, there is poor experience about HL7 application in China. This thesis is devoted to investigate some key techniques in hospital information interchange based on HL7.
An architecture of the hospital information interchange system based on HL7 is designed in this thesis. According to analyzing the function and relationship of the modules, it can be concluded that the HL7 message parser/builder and transmission module are the core of hospital information interchange system, on which this thesis is focused.
In this thesis, an I-section-like linked list data structure for HL7 encoding rules is proposed for the message validation checking during the process of message building/parsing. Furthermore, a multilevel pointer linked list data structure of message is devised to store the components of message and to reflect their relationships. In order to develop universal dynamic link library for HL7 building/parsing, an algorithm for HL7 builder/parser is studied based on the above abstract data structure of message. The dynamic link library developed could be connected to other modules as running. Through the application program interface of the library mentioned above, the interconversion of message and application data become easy. An example case for HL7 parser/builder is presented to demonstrate the validation of the algorithm and dynamic link library.
On message transmission, the message sending and receiving service across network is completed through programming with winsock on TCP/IP by client -server model.
Based on the techniques provided in this thesis, the fundamental process of hospital information interchange, message building - sending - receiving -parsing, has been put into implementation. This thesis also provides a technology basis for the further study on hospital information interchange.
引文
[1] Health Level 7. HL7 Version 2.3.1, 1999.
[2] Beeler G W. HL7 Version3—An object-oriented methodology for collaborative standards development. International Journal of Medical Informatics, 1998, 48: 151-161.
[3] 周健．HL73.0版的背景情况介绍．国外医学·医院管理，2002，(3)：29-31．
[4] Alsafadi Y, Olivia R, Martinez R. Comparison of Communication Protocols in Medical Information Exchange Standards. Computer-Based Medical Systems, Proceedings of IEEE Seventh Symposium, 1994, 258-263.
[5] National Electrical Manufacturers Association. Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM), 2001.
[6] HIMSS/RSNA. Integrating the Healthcare Enterprise Technical Framework, 2002.
[7] Kurihara T M. ASTM Committee E-31 on Healthcare Informatics, 1998.
[8] Kimura M, Ohe K, Yoshihara H, et al. MERIT-9: a patient information exchange guideline using MML, HL7 and DICOM. International Journal of Medical Informatics, 1998, 51: 59-68.
[9] Schadow G. ProtoGen/HL7 — An Implementation of HL7. http://aurora.rg.iupui.edu/～gunther/ProtoGen/doc/ProtoGen_toc.html.
[10] Oemig F, Stotz L. New Access Database Lets You Take Control of HL7 Standards, 2000. http://www.oemig.de/HL7/h17news.htm.
[11] Orion International Ltd. Symphonia Integration Suit.
[12] NeoTool Development, LLC. NeoTool's HL7 Accelerator for BizTalk Server.
[13] NeoTool Development, LLC. ActiveX Development Components.
[14] iNTERFACEWARE Corporation. iNTERFACEWARE Chameleon.
[15] Eversolve, LLC. Medi7 Parser Toolkit.
[16] 严蔚敏，吴伟民．数据结构(C语言版)．北京：清华大学出版社，1997．
[17] Ford W，Topp W．数据结构C++语言描述．北京：清华大学出版社，1999．
[18] Kruglinski D J, Wingo S, Shepherd G. Visual C++6.0 技术内幕(第五版)．北京：北
京希望电子出版社，2000．
[19] 中华人民共和国卫生部．医院信息系统基本功能规范．2002．
[20] 张国峰．C++语言及程序设计教程．北京：电子工业出版社，1999．
[21] 张尧学，王晓春，赵艳标．计算机网络与Internet教程．北京：清华大学出版社，2000．
[22] 谢希仁．计算机网络教程．北京人民邮电出版社，2002．
[23] Comer D E．用TCP／IP进行网际互联．北京：电子工业出版社，2000．
[2] Beeler G W. HL7 Version3—An object-oriented methodology for collaborative standards development. International Journal of Medical Informatics, 1998, 48: 151-161.
[3] 周健．HL73.0版的背景情况介绍．国外医学·医院管理，2002，(3)：29-31．
[4] Alsafadi Y, Olivia R, Martinez R. Comparison of Communication Protocols in Medical Information Exchange Standards. Computer-Based Medical Systems, Proceedings of IEEE Seventh Symposium, 1994, 258-263.
[5] National Electrical Manufacturers Association. Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM), 2001.
[6] HIMSS/RSNA. Integrating the Healthcare Enterprise Technical Framework, 2002.
[7] Kurihara T M. ASTM Committee E-31 on Healthcare Informatics, 1998.
[8] Kimura M, Ohe K, Yoshihara H, et al. MERIT-9: a patient information exchange guideline using MML, HL7 and DICOM. International Journal of Medical Informatics, 1998, 51: 59-68.
[9] Schadow G. ProtoGen/HL7 — An Implementation of HL7. http://aurora.rg.iupui.edu/～gunther/ProtoGen/doc/ProtoGen_toc.html.
[10] Oemig F, Stotz L. New Access Database Lets You Take Control of HL7 Standards, 2000. http://www.oemig.de/HL7/h17news.htm.
[11] Orion International Ltd. Symphonia Integration Suit.
[12] NeoTool Development, LLC. NeoTool's HL7 Accelerator for BizTalk Server.
[13] NeoTool Development, LLC. ActiveX Development Components.
[14] iNTERFACEWARE Corporation. iNTERFACEWARE Chameleon.
[15] Eversolve, LLC. Medi7 Parser Toolkit.
[16] 严蔚敏，吴伟民．数据结构(C语言版)．北京：清华大学出版社，1997．
[17] Ford W，Topp W．数据结构C++语言描述．北京：清华大学出版社，1999．
[18] Kruglinski D J, Wingo S, Shepherd G. Visual C++6.0 技术内幕(第五版)．北京：北
京希望电子出版社，2000．
[19] 中华人民共和国卫生部．医院信息系统基本功能规范．2002．
[20] 张国峰．C++语言及程序设计教程．北京：电子工业出版社，1999．
[21] 张尧学，王晓春，赵艳标．计算机网络与Internet教程．北京：清华大学出版社，2000．
[22] 谢希仁．计算机网络教程．北京人民邮电出版社，2002．
[23] Comer D E．用TCP／IP进行网际互联．北京：电子工业出版社，2000．