铁道车辆人椅界面数字化设计及其乘坐舒适性仿真
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摘要
追求高品质的乘坐舒适性是铁路客运发展的必然需求。采用先进的理论分析模型和计算机仿真技术,研究铁道客车的乘坐舒适性是保证列车运行品质的关键环节。然而,目前就铁道客车的静态乘坐舒适性研究,尚缺乏考虑人体特征差异的坐姿舒适性定量分析方法和评价模型。另外,列车座椅外形结构设计和车厢座椅布置等问题也没有得到有效地解决。为此,本文在CAD软件平台下支持下,对以上问题开展深入研究,具体内容如下：
为了满足不同百分位坐姿人体-座椅几何匹配的需要,采用几何建模和特征建模技术,建立了外形逼真且尺寸较为精确的三维坐姿人体模型。在此基础上,通过CAD二次开发和尺寸驱动技术实现了不同人体百分位、不同性别三维坐姿人体模型的参数化建模。
为了进行坐姿人体-座椅几何匹配及舒适性的评价,提出并实现了一种基于程序驱动的实现“人-椅”三维CAD模型的自适应匹配方法。在该方法的支持下,可进行坐姿人体-座椅三维CAD模型的自动匹配和人体坐姿关节角度的自动提取。在此基础上,提出一种基于灰色综合评价分析方法的列车座椅几何舒适性的分析评价理论模型,运用该评价模型可定量分析比较不同列车座椅的几何舒适性。
根据人体脊柱腰曲弧线及人体生理学舒适度原理,对人体尺寸与座椅结构尺寸建立有机联系,实现一种新型列车座椅的参数化设计。
应用人机工程学原理开展了列车座椅布置方法与原则的研究,根据客车乘客区尺寸及客车结构安全要求,设计了列车座椅布置数学模型及布置流程。在此基础上,在三维CAD环境下开发软件实现了列车座椅的参数化智能布置。
在以上工作的基础上,基于SolidWorks API开发了一套列车座椅舒适性仿真分析软件。在该软件构造的虚拟环境下,能完成三维坐姿人体参数化建模、列车座椅几何舒适性分析、列车座椅参数化设计以及座椅智能布置等工作。
Pursuing the sitting comfort with high quality is the inevitable demand for the development of railway passenger transportation. To study the riding comfort of railway passenger vehicles with advanced theoretical analysis model and computer simulation technology is the crucial sections to ensure the running quality of vehicles. However, quantitative analysis method and evaluation model for analyzing the sitting comfort with consideration of various human body characteristics are lacking in previous research of static comfort. In addition, the outer structural design of train seat and the arrangement of train seats in carriage and other issues have not been effectively resolved. In this paper, systematical studies are carried out in the support of a CAD software platform in order to solve the above problems. The detailed contents are as follows:
In order to meet the geometric matching needs between the different percentile size of seated human body and seats, realistic and accurate three-dimensional sitting human body prototype model is established by the geometric and feature modeling technology. Furthermore, the three-dimensional sitting human models with different sizes and gender are modeled in a parameter way by CAD secondary development and size driving technology.
An adaptive matching method for the "human-seat" three-dimensional CAD model is proposed and implemented in a program-driving way. In the support of this method, the seated human and seat three-dimensional CAD model can be automatically matched by each other, and the angle values of the human body sitting posture can be automatically extracted. Furthermore, a theoretical model to analyze and evaluate the geometric comfort of train seat is proposed based on gray comprehensive evaluation method. The geometric comfort of different train seats can be quantitatively analyzed and compared by the model.
According to the lumbar curvature arc and the human sitting ergonomic principles, a parametric design of new train seat is realized by constructing the relationship between the anthropometric dimensions and the structure size of seat.
The methods and principles for the train seat arrangement are studied by the ergonomic principles, and a mathematical model and the process of train seats arrangement is designed by the requirements both Train passenger compartment dimensions and the safety requirements for train construction. What is more, the intelligent layout for train seats can be achieved by the developed software in the three-dimensional CAD environment.
On the basis of the above works, the train seat comfort simulation software has developed by SolidWorks API. The comfort analysis of train seats, the parametric optimization design of the train seat and the intelligent layout of train seats can be implemented in the visual environment constructed by the software.
为了满足不同百分位坐姿人体-座椅几何匹配的需要,采用几何建模和特征建模技术,建立了外形逼真且尺寸较为精确的三维坐姿人体模型。在此基础上,通过CAD二次开发和尺寸驱动技术实现了不同人体百分位、不同性别三维坐姿人体模型的参数化建模。
为了进行坐姿人体-座椅几何匹配及舒适性的评价,提出并实现了一种基于程序驱动的实现“人-椅”三维CAD模型的自适应匹配方法。在该方法的支持下,可进行坐姿人体-座椅三维CAD模型的自动匹配和人体坐姿关节角度的自动提取。在此基础上,提出一种基于灰色综合评价分析方法的列车座椅几何舒适性的分析评价理论模型,运用该评价模型可定量分析比较不同列车座椅的几何舒适性。
根据人体脊柱腰曲弧线及人体生理学舒适度原理,对人体尺寸与座椅结构尺寸建立有机联系,实现一种新型列车座椅的参数化设计。
应用人机工程学原理开展了列车座椅布置方法与原则的研究,根据客车乘客区尺寸及客车结构安全要求,设计了列车座椅布置数学模型及布置流程。在此基础上,在三维CAD环境下开发软件实现了列车座椅的参数化智能布置。
在以上工作的基础上,基于SolidWorks API开发了一套列车座椅舒适性仿真分析软件。在该软件构造的虚拟环境下,能完成三维坐姿人体参数化建模、列车座椅几何舒适性分析、列车座椅参数化设计以及座椅智能布置等工作。
Pursuing the sitting comfort with high quality is the inevitable demand for the development of railway passenger transportation. To study the riding comfort of railway passenger vehicles with advanced theoretical analysis model and computer simulation technology is the crucial sections to ensure the running quality of vehicles. However, quantitative analysis method and evaluation model for analyzing the sitting comfort with consideration of various human body characteristics are lacking in previous research of static comfort. In addition, the outer structural design of train seat and the arrangement of train seats in carriage and other issues have not been effectively resolved. In this paper, systematical studies are carried out in the support of a CAD software platform in order to solve the above problems. The detailed contents are as follows:
In order to meet the geometric matching needs between the different percentile size of seated human body and seats, realistic and accurate three-dimensional sitting human body prototype model is established by the geometric and feature modeling technology. Furthermore, the three-dimensional sitting human models with different sizes and gender are modeled in a parameter way by CAD secondary development and size driving technology.
An adaptive matching method for the "human-seat" three-dimensional CAD model is proposed and implemented in a program-driving way. In the support of this method, the seated human and seat three-dimensional CAD model can be automatically matched by each other, and the angle values of the human body sitting posture can be automatically extracted. Furthermore, a theoretical model to analyze and evaluate the geometric comfort of train seat is proposed based on gray comprehensive evaluation method. The geometric comfort of different train seats can be quantitatively analyzed and compared by the model.
According to the lumbar curvature arc and the human sitting ergonomic principles, a parametric design of new train seat is realized by constructing the relationship between the anthropometric dimensions and the structure size of seat.
The methods and principles for the train seat arrangement are studied by the ergonomic principles, and a mathematical model and the process of train seats arrangement is designed by the requirements both Train passenger compartment dimensions and the safety requirements for train construction. What is more, the intelligent layout for train seats can be achieved by the developed software in the three-dimensional CAD environment.
On the basis of the above works, the train seat comfort simulation software has developed by SolidWorks API. The comfort analysis of train seats, the parametric optimization design of the train seat and the intelligent layout of train seats can be implemented in the visual environment constructed by the software.
引文
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