不同媒介和任务条件下虚拟团队信息共享与团队效力研究
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摘要
随着信息技术的进步和全球化协作的加强,虚拟团队应运而生,并且得到学术界的广泛关注。本文基于媒介同步理论,采用实验室研究方法,研究不同媒介和任务条件下虚拟团队信息共享与团队效力的差异与关系,并且探索沟通风格对团队过程的作用。
本文首先对沟通媒介、任务种类、信息共享及沟通风格等变量进行界定和文献综述,然后根据媒介同步理论及前人研究基础提出研究假设和模型,最后采用2×3的因子设计(观点产生任务/问题解决任务×面对面/即时文本消息/E-mail),召集236名在校大学生组成78个团队进行实验,通过纸质问卷和编码的方式收集数据,数据分析结果表明：
沟通媒介和任务种类对过程满意度、信息共享总量及深度有显著的交互作用,即高同步性媒介会促进高的信息共享宽度和总量,但在信息共享宽度上,即时文本消息和面对面团队并无显著差异。另外,问题解决任务比观点产生任务产生更多的信息共享。
媒介同步性显著预测了信息共享,但信息共享对团队绩效的预测作用会受到任务种类的影响。在观点产生任务中,信息共享宽度可以预测观点总质量、平均质量和好的观点数量,但是在问题解决任务中,信息共享对团队绩效的预测作用却并不显著。在沟通风格对团队过程的影响上,攻击性沟通风格和消极性沟通风格对信息共享与观点产生任务绩效之间的关系具有负向地调节作用。
文章最后对研究结论进行了分析和讨论,并提出了实践建议及未来研究方向。
With the development of information technology and globalization, virtual teams have played a great role in our daily life. Based on the Media Synchronicity Theory, we used laboratory experiment method to explore the impact of information sharing, communication style under different media and tasks on virtual team effectiveness.
Firstly, media, task, information sharing and communication style are difined and their relavant researches are reviewed; secondly, based on MST and previous reseaches, hypotheses and research model are proposed. A 2×3 factor design (idea generation task and problem-solving task×FTF/instant massage/E-mail) is adopted, a total sample of 236 undergraduates that making up 76 teams participated in the experiment, and data was collected through paper scale and record coding. Results showed that:
Communication media and task type have an interaction effect on process satisfaction, information sharing gross and depth. High synchronicity media will prompt high information sharing gorss and breadth, but there is no significant diffenerce between IM and FTF groups in information sharing depth. Compared with idea-generation task, problem-solving task will lead to more information sharing.
Media synchronicity will significantly predict information sharing, and the prediction effect between information sharing and team performance is depend on task type. In idea-generation task, information sharing has a predicted effect on performance, and aggressive style or passive style will negatively moderated the relationship between information sharing and performance. Unfortunately, there is no prediction effect of information sharing on performance in problem-solving task.
In subsequent chapter, research results are analyzed and discussed, and implications for future research and practiceare also provided.
本文首先对沟通媒介、任务种类、信息共享及沟通风格等变量进行界定和文献综述,然后根据媒介同步理论及前人研究基础提出研究假设和模型,最后采用2×3的因子设计(观点产生任务/问题解决任务×面对面/即时文本消息/E-mail),召集236名在校大学生组成78个团队进行实验,通过纸质问卷和编码的方式收集数据,数据分析结果表明：
沟通媒介和任务种类对过程满意度、信息共享总量及深度有显著的交互作用,即高同步性媒介会促进高的信息共享宽度和总量,但在信息共享宽度上,即时文本消息和面对面团队并无显著差异。另外,问题解决任务比观点产生任务产生更多的信息共享。
媒介同步性显著预测了信息共享,但信息共享对团队绩效的预测作用会受到任务种类的影响。在观点产生任务中,信息共享宽度可以预测观点总质量、平均质量和好的观点数量,但是在问题解决任务中,信息共享对团队绩效的预测作用却并不显著。在沟通风格对团队过程的影响上,攻击性沟通风格和消极性沟通风格对信息共享与观点产生任务绩效之间的关系具有负向地调节作用。
文章最后对研究结论进行了分析和讨论,并提出了实践建议及未来研究方向。
With the development of information technology and globalization, virtual teams have played a great role in our daily life. Based on the Media Synchronicity Theory, we used laboratory experiment method to explore the impact of information sharing, communication style under different media and tasks on virtual team effectiveness.
Firstly, media, task, information sharing and communication style are difined and their relavant researches are reviewed; secondly, based on MST and previous reseaches, hypotheses and research model are proposed. A 2×3 factor design (idea generation task and problem-solving task×FTF/instant massage/E-mail) is adopted, a total sample of 236 undergraduates that making up 76 teams participated in the experiment, and data was collected through paper scale and record coding. Results showed that:
Communication media and task type have an interaction effect on process satisfaction, information sharing gross and depth. High synchronicity media will prompt high information sharing gorss and breadth, but there is no significant diffenerce between IM and FTF groups in information sharing depth. Compared with idea-generation task, problem-solving task will lead to more information sharing.
Media synchronicity will significantly predict information sharing, and the prediction effect between information sharing and team performance is depend on task type. In idea-generation task, information sharing has a predicted effect on performance, and aggressive style or passive style will negatively moderated the relationship between information sharing and performance. Unfortunately, there is no prediction effect of information sharing on performance in problem-solving task.
In subsequent chapter, research results are analyzed and discussed, and implications for future research and practiceare also provided.
引文
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