追寻“本真、无为”的心理生活
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摘要
超个人心理学与新心性心理学都是基于对本土传统心理文化的一种整合,对外来文化的一种吸收,是心理学世界化的具体表现。超个人心理学是主动吸收神秘的东方文化,而新心性心理学则以宽容的态度去容纳西方心理学传统,二者在心理生活塑造中既存在人性观价值观的契合之处,又体现基于不同根源文化的心理生活内涵的差异性。契合之处在于丰满的人性追求与超个人的研究视角,不同之处则表现在后者的独有的东方气质的文化解释,别于神秘体验的心理生活和独特的心理科学观。而其中在心理生活内涵的诠释上表现得尤为突出:前者心理生活状态表现为短暂而神秘,心理生活实践表现为被动体验,心理生活目标表现为引导成就独立的大我,有为的回归,而后者心理生活则表现出状态的真实而稳定,实验的主动践行,目标的无为回归生活的真我。一言以蔽之,新心性心理学在心理生活的塑造上有别于并超越于西方超个人心理学的生活境界,表现为实时的“本真无为”的追求。
Transpersonal Psychology has developed at the foundation of Western tradition, as a integration theory to be transformed under the influence of the oriental culture. The main emphasis is unlimited self-expansion. And the New Psychology Of Temperament is based on Chinese traditional culture, take the initiative to accommodate Western Psychology General traditional theory, emphasizing the return of real self. Both are performances of eastern and western culture, are based on the different cultures of shaping human psychological life and a trace to the essence of mental life. Now that, with the existence of similar structure in the cultural categories, then the integration of two cultures trying to actually build a kind of psychological life, and whether having internal fit, will become the point of this paper.
This paper first elaborated comprehensively on the developing process of the mainstream thoughts and human nature, between Humanistic Psychology and Transpersonal Psychology. As is followed, the corresponding cultural roots of New Psychology Of Temperament is made a clear carding, drawing the intrinsic unity of the traditional culture that is the ultimate harmony between man and nature exist, positive human nature and the true meaning of the psychological life of inaction. Finally , Transpersonal Psychology and the New Psychology Of Temperament at the psychological meaning of life to shape up carries out the presentation of comparative analysis. In this paper, focusing primarily on the psychological life of both the performance of deconstruction study, manifests in two aspects of one match, one of the differences. At fit on the main performance of the human pursuit of the rich, super-personal perspective. Differences which go beyond the psychology of new cardiac manifestations of the culture at Different psychological explanation, distinct from the psychological life of mystical experience and a unique view of science.
Fit together mainly manifest in the human pursuit of plump and super-personal perspective. On the one hand, both emphasize original goodness of Human Nature containing a priori assumptions, which also covers the development of acquired a tendency. People's psychological life is at such a positive tone under constant pursuit of continuous improvement, constantly surpassing that inherent kindness based on the continuous process of self-plump. On the other hand, both are focused on the perspective beyond the individual, which is not confined to human of my own subject-object unity, but were extended to the level of self-object unity or even harmony between man and nature. Although the methodology differs between on external intervention and the existence of self-understanding and practicing, but are eventually attributed to the ultimate state of human nature.
Differences mainly reflecting: a different interpretation of the psychological and cultural life. Transpersonal Psychology theories are set up at the root of the main individuals based on the foundation of Western culture, but interpretation of the psychological life are applied with a natural color-based mysticism culture, which is out-oriented localization. In shaping the Transpersonal psychology Living at the same time "suspending" of its impact on local culture, shows blind obedience of the initiative; New Psychology Of Temperament is based on local culture as part of its endogenous development, stressing the importance of psychology and culture, The symbiotic relationship of Culture and Living, and maintaining a consistency between culture and psychological life.
Different life experience. Transpersonal psychology experience are the mysterious and brief periods of peak experience, and New Psychology Of Temperament experience are true and stable plateau experience. The former to pursue the psychological experience of real-time status, a passive experience, reveals the psychological life of the body of unilateral certification process, paying attention to the psychological process of life experience. While the latter are the timeless pursuit of the psychological experience of the course, which is recognized and put into practice the initiative process, to recognize the psychological life of both the process and practice to be integration, recognition is included in the practice, the practice included in body recognition of, paying attention to the psychological experience of life and health and guiding the process; the former is a goal pursued for the transcendence of personal boundaries which will be extended to the whole of my realm, my Lord are magnified, the pursuit of the other side of existence, and then is the return of“undo”, it is the nature of the individual to restore them, removing all the external settings, returning to the true original state.
Different scientific concept of thought.Transpersonal Psychology is the narrow conception of psychology, the main advocate for the broad appearance of the psychological life with a tolerant no-self attitude, and inherently narrow my main character. Only attach importance to the positive side of human nature is too unassuming, while ignoring the integrity of human nature. New psychology of temperament is our big psychology concept, initiated by psychological Living accommodating internal and external unity, paying attention to a complete explanation for psychological life .Two interpretations of the paradigm of psychology, we can see the meaning of psychological life is based on the root culture for a creative causes, and basing on Chinese traditional culture, the psychological life reveals the living essence“authenticity、undo”, taking their own property for dialectical unity between the two . Psychological life is the natural flow of the process, but this natural flow is not passive inaction, but in the opposite direction through the“undo”of the trail.
Transpersonal Psychology has developed at the foundation of Western tradition, as a integration theory to be transformed under the influence of the oriental culture. The main emphasis is unlimited self-expansion. And the New Psychology Of Temperament is based on Chinese traditional culture, take the initiative to accommodate Western Psychology General traditional theory, emphasizing the return of real self. Both are performances of eastern and western culture, are based on the different cultures of shaping human psychological life and a trace to the essence of mental life. Now that, with the existence of similar structure in the cultural categories, then the integration of two cultures trying to actually build a kind of psychological life, and whether having internal fit, will become the point of this paper.
This paper first elaborated comprehensively on the developing process of the mainstream thoughts and human nature, between Humanistic Psychology and Transpersonal Psychology. As is followed, the corresponding cultural roots of New Psychology Of Temperament is made a clear carding, drawing the intrinsic unity of the traditional culture that is the ultimate harmony between man and nature exist, positive human nature and the true meaning of the psychological life of inaction. Finally , Transpersonal Psychology and the New Psychology Of Temperament at the psychological meaning of life to shape up carries out the presentation of comparative analysis. In this paper, focusing primarily on the psychological life of both the performance of deconstruction study, manifests in two aspects of one match, one of the differences. At fit on the main performance of the human pursuit of the rich, super-personal perspective. Differences which go beyond the psychology of new cardiac manifestations of the culture at Different psychological explanation, distinct from the psychological life of mystical experience and a unique view of science.
Fit together mainly manifest in the human pursuit of plump and super-personal perspective. On the one hand, both emphasize original goodness of Human Nature containing a priori assumptions, which also covers the development of acquired a tendency. People's psychological life is at such a positive tone under constant pursuit of continuous improvement, constantly surpassing that inherent kindness based on the continuous process of self-plump. On the other hand, both are focused on the perspective beyond the individual, which is not confined to human of my own subject-object unity, but were extended to the level of self-object unity or even harmony between man and nature. Although the methodology differs between on external intervention and the existence of self-understanding and practicing, but are eventually attributed to the ultimate state of human nature.
Differences mainly reflecting: a different interpretation of the psychological and cultural life. Transpersonal Psychology theories are set up at the root of the main individuals based on the foundation of Western culture, but interpretation of the psychological life are applied with a natural color-based mysticism culture, which is out-oriented localization. In shaping the Transpersonal psychology Living at the same time "suspending" of its impact on local culture, shows blind obedience of the initiative; New Psychology Of Temperament is based on local culture as part of its endogenous development, stressing the importance of psychology and culture, The symbiotic relationship of Culture and Living, and maintaining a consistency between culture and psychological life.
Different life experience. Transpersonal psychology experience are the mysterious and brief periods of peak experience, and New Psychology Of Temperament experience are true and stable plateau experience. The former to pursue the psychological experience of real-time status, a passive experience, reveals the psychological life of the body of unilateral certification process, paying attention to the psychological process of life experience. While the latter are the timeless pursuit of the psychological experience of the course, which is recognized and put into practice the initiative process, to recognize the psychological life of both the process and practice to be integration, recognition is included in the practice, the practice included in body recognition of, paying attention to the psychological experience of life and health and guiding the process; the former is a goal pursued for the transcendence of personal boundaries which will be extended to the whole of my realm, my Lord are magnified, the pursuit of the other side of existence, and then is the return of“undo”, it is the nature of the individual to restore them, removing all the external settings, returning to the true original state.
Different scientific concept of thought.Transpersonal Psychology is the narrow conception of psychology, the main advocate for the broad appearance of the psychological life with a tolerant no-self attitude, and inherently narrow my main character. Only attach importance to the positive side of human nature is too unassuming, while ignoring the integrity of human nature. New psychology of temperament is our big psychology concept, initiated by psychological Living accommodating internal and external unity, paying attention to a complete explanation for psychological life .Two interpretations of the paradigm of psychology, we can see the meaning of psychological life is based on the root culture for a creative causes, and basing on Chinese traditional culture, the psychological life reveals the living essence“authenticity、undo”, taking their own property for dialectical unity between the two . Psychological life is the natural flow of the process, but this natural flow is not passive inaction, but in the opposite direction through the“undo”of the trail.
引文
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[11]郭永玉.两种人本心理学的辩论[J].心理学探索,2003,(1).3-8.
[12]王英.儒家心性学研究-以中国古代生命哲学为视角.吉林大学博士学位论文,2006
[13]元永浩.天人合一的生存境界[M].长春:吉林人民出版社,2006.162-179.
[14]朱晓鹏.道家哲学精神及其价值境域[M].中国社会科学出版社,2007.56-80.
[15]任俊.积极心理学[M].上海:上海教育出版社,2003.48-53.
[16]元永浩.天人合一的生存境界[M].长春:吉林人民出版社,2006.201-210.175.
[17]谢俊,刘国华.论老子“无为”思想体系的建构及价值取向[J].哲学百家,2006.91.
[18]葛鲁嘉.关于心理生活基本性质和内涵的理解[J].湖南师范大学教育科学学报,2005,(5).102.
[19]葛鲁嘉.新心性心理学宣言[M].北京:人民出版社,2008.215-226.
[20]葛鲁嘉.心理生活的根据-对心理生活立足基础的考察[J].贵州师范大学学报,2005,(3).121.
[21]董俊花.超个人心理学及其与中国传统心理学的联系[J].河西学院学报,2006,(1).70.
[22] Paranjpe,A.C.,Ho,D,Y,F.,Reieber,R.W.Asian corrtributions to psychology [M].New York: Praeger ,1998.
[23]张家成.略论中国佛教与人文精神[J].浙江大学学报,2001,(3).
[24]葛鲁嘉.新心性心理学宣言[M].北京:人民出版社,2008. 203-208.
[25]葛鲁嘉.心理生活论纲-关于心理学研究对象的另类考察[J].陕西师范大学学报,2005,(2).114-116.
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[28]徐复观.中国人性论史[M].上海:华东师范大学出版社,2005.76-77.
[29]王英.儒家心性学研究-以中国古代生命哲学为视角.吉林大学博士学位论文,2006.
[30]葛鲁嘉.新心性心理学宣言[M].北京:人民出版社,2008.369.
[31]孙延军.高质量心理生活的当代标准[J].吉林大学社会科学学报,1996,(3).
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[2]马斯洛(许金声等译).动机与人格[M].北京:华夏出版社,1987.
[3]元永浩.天人合一的生存境界—从西方形而上学到中国形上的境界[M].长春:吉林人民出版社,2005.
[4]车文博.人本主义心理学[M].杭州:浙江教育出版社,2003.
[5]车文博.人本主义心理学评价新探[J].心理学探索,1999(1).
[6]王启东.关于超个人心理学的几个主要理论问题的辨析[J].华中师范大学学报,2002(5).
[7]王文波.超个人心理学:心理学整合的新趋向[J].晋阳学刊,2002(6).
[8]尹桂荣,甘利婷.人本主义心理学与道家人格心理学之契合[J].株洲师范高等专科学校学报,2004(6).
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