知识工作中的创新及信息技术的作用
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摘要
创新是知识工作的核心特征之一,是知识工作非结构化内容的重要组成部分,也是提高知识工作生产率的关键。因此,探索知识工作中创新的形成机理成为学术界关注的焦点。德鲁克(Peter Drucker)指出,创新的本质是新知识的创造。基于这一观点,野中郁次郎(Ikujiro Nonaka)从知识转换的角度提出了著名的知识创造理论。然而知识的转换离不开人的主观认知,新知识的形成更依赖于人的认知行为,但目前基于认知视角探讨知识工作中创新形成机理的研究尚不多见。
另一方面,信息技术作为扩展人类信息器官功能的工具,已经广泛应用于知识工作中,辅助结构化与非结构化工作的完成。如何选择与使用各种不同类型的信息技术工具来促进知识工作中的创新,是一个有价值的研究问题。然而现有研究中,学者们对信息技术功能的认识主要着眼于信息或知识的管理,对信息技术辅助认知功能的解析、知识工作中信息技术对创新的作用等问题的研究,尚未得到清晰的解答。
本研究着重回答以下两个问题：知识工作中的创新是怎样形成的；信息技术对知识工作中的创新具有什么样的作用。基于上述分析,本文按以下内容展开：
(1)界定知识工作中创新的本质与来源。基于德鲁克在知识工作范畴内对“创新”这一概念的定义,结合知识管理、心理学以及哲学领域的相关论述,通过理论推导,界定知识工作中创新的本质与来源,以此作为本研究的理论基点。
(2)基于认知视角解析知识工作中创新的形成机理。以野中郁次郎的知识创造SECI模型作为研究基础和出发点,着重探讨四种知识转换模式中认知行为的特点,通过理论演绎,提炼出各知识转换模式对应的核心认知行为,并形成理论假设。
(3)信息技术的界定及认知视角下对各种信息技术工具功能的分析。结合信息科学、认知科学、智能科学中对信息技术的描述,界定信息技术的概念；梳理知识工作中应用的主要信息技术工具,从认知的角度分析各种信息技术工具的特性与功能。
(4)信息技术在知识工作创新过程中的作用。基于以上对信息技术工具辅助认知功能的解析,以及各知识转换模式对应的核心认知行为,归纳出不同知识转换模式中辅助核心认知行为的信息技术工具,并形成理论假设。
(5)选取案例研究法进行实证研究。进行详细的案例研究设计,确定典型的研究案例,通过深度访谈搜集质性材料,运用编码与可视化映射分析法对质性材料进行挖掘、分析与展示。对比案例研究的分析结果与前两类理论假设,形成本研究的结论。
通过对上述内容的详细研究,本文得出了以下结论：
(1)知识工作中创新的本质与来源。
知识工作中的创新是通过认知行为与知识转换的相互作用形成新知识的过程。知识工作中,无论何种岗位上的创新、无论是何种形式的创新,其本质都是新知识的创造。它来源于不同认知要素间的相互作用、不同类型知识之间的相互转换,其产生的本源更在于认知行为与知识转换的相互作用。知识工作中,认知行为推动着隐性知识与显性知识的相互转换,从而生成新的知识;转换生成的新隐性知识和显性知识反作用于认知行为,促进主体认知能力的提升和发展。
(2)知识工作创新过程中的核心认知行为。
体验、隐喻、逻辑思维与再体验构成了知识工作创新过程中的核心认知行为。其中,体验是共同化知识转换模式中促进隐性知识到隐性知识转换的核心认知行为；隐喻是表出化知识转换模式中促进隐性知识到显性知识转换的核心认知行为；逻辑思维是联结化知识转换模式中促进显性知识到显性知识转换的核心认知行为；再体验是内在化知识转换模式中促进显性知识到隐性知识转换的核心认知行为。
(3)通过对信息技术的界定,归纳了知识工作中应用的主要信息技术工具及其功能。
任何一种技术必定是对人类某方面能力的拓展。作为大脑这一思维器官的延伸,信息技术是辅助认知、拓展主体智力能力的工具。信息技术扩展了大脑的记忆容量、丰富了信息的表征形式、承担了复杂的信息计算任务,减轻了人的认知负荷,最终促进了主体认知能力的提高。
技术必须转化成为具体工具才能在工作中为主体直接使用。知识工作中使用的各种信息技术工具大多表现为软件形态,主要包括：数据库系统、思维导图软件、办公绘图软件、同步协作工具(多媒体会议系统)、异步协作工具(电子邮件、论坛、协同编辑系统)、专业软件等。
数据库系统是语义组织工具,它能基于信息的含义对信息进行存取,同时扩展个体长时记忆的容量。思维导图软件与办公绘图软件是可视化表征工具,它们分别图示化了思维过程与思维结果。同步协作工具创设了一个“面对面交流”的虚拟空间,并能以多种表征形式呈现出相关信息。异步协作工具减轻了“面对面交流”中主体的记忆负担,促进了反思。专业软件的功能在于承担复杂计算的认知任务。
(4)认知视角下信息技术工具对知识工作中的创新的作用。
同步协作工具应用于共同化知识转换模式中,扩展了直接体验的范围,在虚拟时空中创造了更多的“面对面交流”的机会。思维导图软件与办公绘图软件应用于表出化知识转换模式中,辅助呈现认知主体无法用语言直接表述的思维过程和思维成果,促进了隐喻这一认知行为。数据库系统与专业软件应用于联结化知识转换模式,协助主体完成对概念知识的分析与分解、对知识单元的综合与连接,承担了部分复杂的计算、推理工作,减轻了主体的认知负担。异步协作工具、数据库系统与思维导图软件应用于内在化知识转换模式,数据库系统与异步协作工具从多种渠道提供了多种形式的间接体验材料,拓展了再体验的横向范围；同时在间接体验过程中使用思维导图软件梳理思路、利用数据库系统进行个人知识管理、在网络论坛中以结构化的交流方式进行沟通,都能够辅助主体理解、反思间接体验的材料,挖掘了再体验的纵向深度,最终提高了再体验这一认知行为的效率。
本研究的创新点包括以下几个方面：
首先,将认知要素引入了知识创造的SECI模型,基于认知行为与知识转换相互作用的视角分析了知识工作中创新的形成机理,构建了知识工作中的创新模型。该模型更加直观地展现了创新过程中四种知识转换模式及其对应的核心认知行为,研究结论深化了对知识工作中创新形成机理的认识。
其次,分析了信息技术在辅助认知方面的功能与作用,为深入认识信息技术工具的功能及其在知识工作中的作用提供了一个新的分析视角。
最后,从认知的角度探索信息技术对知识工作中的创新的作用,结合信息技术的辅助认知功能探析了各知识转换模式下支撑核心认知行为的信息技术工具及其作用,这一研究思路具有较强的创新性。
本研究具有积极的理论意义与实践意义：
基于认知视角对知识工作创新机理的解析,以及提炼四种知识转换模式下的核心认知行为,深化并进一步完善了野中郁次郎的知识创造理论。知识工作中应用的主要信息技术工具辅助认知功能的归纳,修正了仅仅基于信息／知识管理视角的信息技术工具功能的认识。有关知识工作创新过程中信息技术作用的探讨,丰富并延伸了知识工作中信息技术与创新的研究内容,为知识工作中合理地应用信息技术工具促进创新提供了一些有价值的参考。
本研究的相关结论,为知识工作中创新实践的管理及信息技术的应用提供了新的思路。
Innovation is a significant characteristic of knowledge work. It is a weighty component of knowledge work and is crucial to the improvement of knowledge work productivity. Thus exploring the formation mechanism of innovation is among leading spectrum of knowledge management research. The research carried out by Peter Drucker indicates that the essential element of innovation is the creation of new knowledge. This concept is further developed by Ikujiro Nonaka who introduces the Knowledge Creation Theory. However, the neglect of subjective cognition and knowledge conversion in the process of knowledge creation which depends on cognitive behavior saps the root of existing researches.
Furthermore, the researches of various type of information technology which is powerful booster that extends the sphere of innovation in knowledge research are largely ignored in the previous researches. Thus the earlier reaches of such kinds only concentrate their attention on function of information technology that is utilized in information and knowledge processing and disregards cognitive function of information technology and the effects of information technology on innovations in knowledge work.
Based on the previous researches, this dissertation focuses mainly on answering two questions. The first is how the innovation in knowledge work originates and the second is what impacts information technology exerts on innovation in knowledge work.
The main research contents are stated as below:
(1) This dissertation analyzes the concept and the origination of innovation in knowledge work. This is mainly fulfilled through theoretical deduction based on the definition of innovation developed by Peter Drucker and combined with theories of knowledge management, psychology and philosophy.
(2) This dissertation forms theoretical hypotheses regarding the formation mechanism of innovations in knowledge work. Based on the knowledge creation SECI model developed by Ikujiro Nonaka, the characteristics of cognitive behaviors in four knowledge conversion modes and the core cognitive behavior in each knowledge conversion mode is refined through theoretical deduction.
(3) This dissertation analyzes the information technology and its impact on innovations in knowledge work. The definition of information technology is defined in perspective of information science, cognitive science and intelligence science. The characteristics and the function of each tool that implements are analyzed to investigate the consequential cognitive functions.
(4) This dissertation analyzes the effects of information technology on the process of innovation in the spectrum of knowledge work. Based on the analysis of the cognitive functions of information technology tools, this dissertation investigates the cognitive behavior in each knowledge conversion mode and concludes the theoretical assumptions of core elements of information technology tools in each knowledge conversion mode.
(5) This dissertation carries out the empirical research. Qualitative samples of case study are obtained by depth interviews of individuals. The analytical process utilizes the method of data coding, data display and virtualization mapping.
Conclusions are stated as below:
(1) This dissertation defines the concept and the origination of innovation in knowledge work.
Innovation in knowledge work is defined in terms of interaction between cognitive behavior and knowledge conversion. The core of innovations in knowledge work is the generation of new knowledge. This conclusion stems from the interaction of different cognitive elements, the conversion of different types of knowledge, and the interaction between cognitive behavior and knowledge conversion. Cognitive behaviors promotes the mutual conversion between implicit knowledge and explicit knowledge in knowledge work to generate new knowledge, such new knowledge in turn exerts influence on cognitive behaviors, which further promotes the evolution of cognitive abilities.
(2) This dissertation defines the core cognitive behavior corresponding to each knowledge conversion mode.
Experience, metaphor, logical thinking and re-experience constitute the core cognitive behaviors of innovation process in knowledge work. Experience is the core cognitive behavior which leads to conversion form tacit knowledge to tacit knowledge in Socialization knowledge conversion mode. Metaphor is the core cognitive behavior which leads to conversion form tacit knowledge to explicit knowledge in Externalization knowledge conversion mode. Logic thinking is the core cognitive behavior which leads to conversion form explicit knowledge to explicit knowledge in Combination knowledge conversion mode. Re-experience is the core cognitive behavior which leads to conversion form explicit knowledge to tacit knowledge in Internalization knowledge conversion mode.
(3) This dissertation defines the information technology and its impact on knowledge work.
A vast variety of technology can enhance corresponding capabilities of an ordinary person. As the extension of an individual especially brain, the thinking organ, information technology is an intelligential tool to boost cognitions and intellectual abilities. On the other hand, information technology as well expand memory capacity of a person by providing a wealth of medium and carrier of information and accelerating the speed at which information is transferred. All the complexity untaken by information technology ultimately reduces the cognitive loads of individuals.
(4) This dissertation defines the effects of information technology on the process of innovation in the spectrum of knowledge work.
Information technology has a wealth of impacts on the process of innovation corresponding to the Socialization, Externalization, Combination, and Internalization mode. In Socialization mode, synchronous collaboration tools are commonly used to extend the sphere of direct experience and create more face-to-face opportunities. In Externalization mode, mind mapping software and office graphic software are commonly used to promote metaphor and boost presenting the thinking process and thinking results which are metamorphic when expressed in language. In Combination mode, database system and specialty software are commonly used to replace the analysis and decompose of concept knowledge, also synthesize and connect of knowledge units. In Internalization mode, asynchronous collaboration tools, database systems and mind mapping software are used to accommodate various materials for indirect experience, extend the sphere of re-experience, boost personal knowledge management and enhance the in-depth understanding and the reflection of re-experiences.
The innovations of this dissertation are stated as below.
Firstly, cognitive elements are introduced to enhance the SECI model of knowledge generation and formation mechanism of innovations in knowledge work. This is fulfilled by conducting analysis based on the perspective of the interaction between cognitive behavior and knowledge conversion which leads to the construction of a new model regarding innovations in knowledge. This model depicts more directly the four knowledge conversion modes involved in the innovation process and the core cognitive behavior corresponding to each knowledge conversion mode. This model pushes forward the understanding of the formation mechanism of innovations in knowledge work.
Secondly, functions of information technology and corresponding impacts on cognitive behaviors in innovation process are analyzed. This analysis creates a new perspective to analyze the functions and corresponding impacts of information technology tools in knowledge work.
Thirdly, impacts of information technology on innovations in knowledge work are explored from the perspective of cognition. Combined with the cognitive functions of information technology, information technology tools utilized to embrace the core cognitive behavior in each knowledge conversion mode are preliminarily explored, which is innovative in this spectrum of researches.
This dissertation also has positive academic and practical significance:
The analysis of the innovation mechanism in knowledge work from the perspective of cognition as well as the refining of the core cognitive behaviors in four knowledge conversion modes improve knowledge creation theory developed by Ikujiro Nonaka. The induction of the main information technology tools utilized in knowledge work and its cognitive functions fixes those understanding of information technology based solely on the information/knowledge management perspective. The exploration on impacts of information technology on innovations in knowledge work extends the spectrum of relevant research, and provides advices regarding appropriate application of information technology tools to promote innovations in knowledge work.
These conclusions provided a new approach for innovation practices and information technology applications in knowledge work.
另一方面,信息技术作为扩展人类信息器官功能的工具,已经广泛应用于知识工作中,辅助结构化与非结构化工作的完成。如何选择与使用各种不同类型的信息技术工具来促进知识工作中的创新,是一个有价值的研究问题。然而现有研究中,学者们对信息技术功能的认识主要着眼于信息或知识的管理,对信息技术辅助认知功能的解析、知识工作中信息技术对创新的作用等问题的研究,尚未得到清晰的解答。
本研究着重回答以下两个问题：知识工作中的创新是怎样形成的；信息技术对知识工作中的创新具有什么样的作用。基于上述分析,本文按以下内容展开：
(1)界定知识工作中创新的本质与来源。基于德鲁克在知识工作范畴内对“创新”这一概念的定义,结合知识管理、心理学以及哲学领域的相关论述,通过理论推导,界定知识工作中创新的本质与来源,以此作为本研究的理论基点。
(2)基于认知视角解析知识工作中创新的形成机理。以野中郁次郎的知识创造SECI模型作为研究基础和出发点,着重探讨四种知识转换模式中认知行为的特点,通过理论演绎,提炼出各知识转换模式对应的核心认知行为,并形成理论假设。
(3)信息技术的界定及认知视角下对各种信息技术工具功能的分析。结合信息科学、认知科学、智能科学中对信息技术的描述,界定信息技术的概念；梳理知识工作中应用的主要信息技术工具,从认知的角度分析各种信息技术工具的特性与功能。
(4)信息技术在知识工作创新过程中的作用。基于以上对信息技术工具辅助认知功能的解析,以及各知识转换模式对应的核心认知行为,归纳出不同知识转换模式中辅助核心认知行为的信息技术工具,并形成理论假设。
(5)选取案例研究法进行实证研究。进行详细的案例研究设计,确定典型的研究案例,通过深度访谈搜集质性材料,运用编码与可视化映射分析法对质性材料进行挖掘、分析与展示。对比案例研究的分析结果与前两类理论假设,形成本研究的结论。
通过对上述内容的详细研究,本文得出了以下结论：
(1)知识工作中创新的本质与来源。
知识工作中的创新是通过认知行为与知识转换的相互作用形成新知识的过程。知识工作中,无论何种岗位上的创新、无论是何种形式的创新,其本质都是新知识的创造。它来源于不同认知要素间的相互作用、不同类型知识之间的相互转换,其产生的本源更在于认知行为与知识转换的相互作用。知识工作中,认知行为推动着隐性知识与显性知识的相互转换,从而生成新的知识;转换生成的新隐性知识和显性知识反作用于认知行为,促进主体认知能力的提升和发展。
(2)知识工作创新过程中的核心认知行为。
体验、隐喻、逻辑思维与再体验构成了知识工作创新过程中的核心认知行为。其中,体验是共同化知识转换模式中促进隐性知识到隐性知识转换的核心认知行为；隐喻是表出化知识转换模式中促进隐性知识到显性知识转换的核心认知行为；逻辑思维是联结化知识转换模式中促进显性知识到显性知识转换的核心认知行为；再体验是内在化知识转换模式中促进显性知识到隐性知识转换的核心认知行为。
(3)通过对信息技术的界定,归纳了知识工作中应用的主要信息技术工具及其功能。
任何一种技术必定是对人类某方面能力的拓展。作为大脑这一思维器官的延伸,信息技术是辅助认知、拓展主体智力能力的工具。信息技术扩展了大脑的记忆容量、丰富了信息的表征形式、承担了复杂的信息计算任务,减轻了人的认知负荷,最终促进了主体认知能力的提高。
技术必须转化成为具体工具才能在工作中为主体直接使用。知识工作中使用的各种信息技术工具大多表现为软件形态,主要包括：数据库系统、思维导图软件、办公绘图软件、同步协作工具(多媒体会议系统)、异步协作工具(电子邮件、论坛、协同编辑系统)、专业软件等。
数据库系统是语义组织工具,它能基于信息的含义对信息进行存取,同时扩展个体长时记忆的容量。思维导图软件与办公绘图软件是可视化表征工具,它们分别图示化了思维过程与思维结果。同步协作工具创设了一个“面对面交流”的虚拟空间,并能以多种表征形式呈现出相关信息。异步协作工具减轻了“面对面交流”中主体的记忆负担,促进了反思。专业软件的功能在于承担复杂计算的认知任务。
(4)认知视角下信息技术工具对知识工作中的创新的作用。
同步协作工具应用于共同化知识转换模式中,扩展了直接体验的范围,在虚拟时空中创造了更多的“面对面交流”的机会。思维导图软件与办公绘图软件应用于表出化知识转换模式中,辅助呈现认知主体无法用语言直接表述的思维过程和思维成果,促进了隐喻这一认知行为。数据库系统与专业软件应用于联结化知识转换模式,协助主体完成对概念知识的分析与分解、对知识单元的综合与连接,承担了部分复杂的计算、推理工作,减轻了主体的认知负担。异步协作工具、数据库系统与思维导图软件应用于内在化知识转换模式,数据库系统与异步协作工具从多种渠道提供了多种形式的间接体验材料,拓展了再体验的横向范围；同时在间接体验过程中使用思维导图软件梳理思路、利用数据库系统进行个人知识管理、在网络论坛中以结构化的交流方式进行沟通,都能够辅助主体理解、反思间接体验的材料,挖掘了再体验的纵向深度,最终提高了再体验这一认知行为的效率。
本研究的创新点包括以下几个方面：
首先,将认知要素引入了知识创造的SECI模型,基于认知行为与知识转换相互作用的视角分析了知识工作中创新的形成机理,构建了知识工作中的创新模型。该模型更加直观地展现了创新过程中四种知识转换模式及其对应的核心认知行为,研究结论深化了对知识工作中创新形成机理的认识。
其次,分析了信息技术在辅助认知方面的功能与作用,为深入认识信息技术工具的功能及其在知识工作中的作用提供了一个新的分析视角。
最后,从认知的角度探索信息技术对知识工作中的创新的作用,结合信息技术的辅助认知功能探析了各知识转换模式下支撑核心认知行为的信息技术工具及其作用,这一研究思路具有较强的创新性。
本研究具有积极的理论意义与实践意义：
基于认知视角对知识工作创新机理的解析,以及提炼四种知识转换模式下的核心认知行为,深化并进一步完善了野中郁次郎的知识创造理论。知识工作中应用的主要信息技术工具辅助认知功能的归纳,修正了仅仅基于信息／知识管理视角的信息技术工具功能的认识。有关知识工作创新过程中信息技术作用的探讨,丰富并延伸了知识工作中信息技术与创新的研究内容,为知识工作中合理地应用信息技术工具促进创新提供了一些有价值的参考。
本研究的相关结论,为知识工作中创新实践的管理及信息技术的应用提供了新的思路。
Innovation is a significant characteristic of knowledge work. It is a weighty component of knowledge work and is crucial to the improvement of knowledge work productivity. Thus exploring the formation mechanism of innovation is among leading spectrum of knowledge management research. The research carried out by Peter Drucker indicates that the essential element of innovation is the creation of new knowledge. This concept is further developed by Ikujiro Nonaka who introduces the Knowledge Creation Theory. However, the neglect of subjective cognition and knowledge conversion in the process of knowledge creation which depends on cognitive behavior saps the root of existing researches.
Furthermore, the researches of various type of information technology which is powerful booster that extends the sphere of innovation in knowledge research are largely ignored in the previous researches. Thus the earlier reaches of such kinds only concentrate their attention on function of information technology that is utilized in information and knowledge processing and disregards cognitive function of information technology and the effects of information technology on innovations in knowledge work.
Based on the previous researches, this dissertation focuses mainly on answering two questions. The first is how the innovation in knowledge work originates and the second is what impacts information technology exerts on innovation in knowledge work.
The main research contents are stated as below:
(1) This dissertation analyzes the concept and the origination of innovation in knowledge work. This is mainly fulfilled through theoretical deduction based on the definition of innovation developed by Peter Drucker and combined with theories of knowledge management, psychology and philosophy.
(2) This dissertation forms theoretical hypotheses regarding the formation mechanism of innovations in knowledge work. Based on the knowledge creation SECI model developed by Ikujiro Nonaka, the characteristics of cognitive behaviors in four knowledge conversion modes and the core cognitive behavior in each knowledge conversion mode is refined through theoretical deduction.
(3) This dissertation analyzes the information technology and its impact on innovations in knowledge work. The definition of information technology is defined in perspective of information science, cognitive science and intelligence science. The characteristics and the function of each tool that implements are analyzed to investigate the consequential cognitive functions.
(4) This dissertation analyzes the effects of information technology on the process of innovation in the spectrum of knowledge work. Based on the analysis of the cognitive functions of information technology tools, this dissertation investigates the cognitive behavior in each knowledge conversion mode and concludes the theoretical assumptions of core elements of information technology tools in each knowledge conversion mode.
(5) This dissertation carries out the empirical research. Qualitative samples of case study are obtained by depth interviews of individuals. The analytical process utilizes the method of data coding, data display and virtualization mapping.
Conclusions are stated as below:
(1) This dissertation defines the concept and the origination of innovation in knowledge work.
Innovation in knowledge work is defined in terms of interaction between cognitive behavior and knowledge conversion. The core of innovations in knowledge work is the generation of new knowledge. This conclusion stems from the interaction of different cognitive elements, the conversion of different types of knowledge, and the interaction between cognitive behavior and knowledge conversion. Cognitive behaviors promotes the mutual conversion between implicit knowledge and explicit knowledge in knowledge work to generate new knowledge, such new knowledge in turn exerts influence on cognitive behaviors, which further promotes the evolution of cognitive abilities.
(2) This dissertation defines the core cognitive behavior corresponding to each knowledge conversion mode.
Experience, metaphor, logical thinking and re-experience constitute the core cognitive behaviors of innovation process in knowledge work. Experience is the core cognitive behavior which leads to conversion form tacit knowledge to tacit knowledge in Socialization knowledge conversion mode. Metaphor is the core cognitive behavior which leads to conversion form tacit knowledge to explicit knowledge in Externalization knowledge conversion mode. Logic thinking is the core cognitive behavior which leads to conversion form explicit knowledge to explicit knowledge in Combination knowledge conversion mode. Re-experience is the core cognitive behavior which leads to conversion form explicit knowledge to tacit knowledge in Internalization knowledge conversion mode.
(3) This dissertation defines the information technology and its impact on knowledge work.
A vast variety of technology can enhance corresponding capabilities of an ordinary person. As the extension of an individual especially brain, the thinking organ, information technology is an intelligential tool to boost cognitions and intellectual abilities. On the other hand, information technology as well expand memory capacity of a person by providing a wealth of medium and carrier of information and accelerating the speed at which information is transferred. All the complexity untaken by information technology ultimately reduces the cognitive loads of individuals.
(4) This dissertation defines the effects of information technology on the process of innovation in the spectrum of knowledge work.
Information technology has a wealth of impacts on the process of innovation corresponding to the Socialization, Externalization, Combination, and Internalization mode. In Socialization mode, synchronous collaboration tools are commonly used to extend the sphere of direct experience and create more face-to-face opportunities. In Externalization mode, mind mapping software and office graphic software are commonly used to promote metaphor and boost presenting the thinking process and thinking results which are metamorphic when expressed in language. In Combination mode, database system and specialty software are commonly used to replace the analysis and decompose of concept knowledge, also synthesize and connect of knowledge units. In Internalization mode, asynchronous collaboration tools, database systems and mind mapping software are used to accommodate various materials for indirect experience, extend the sphere of re-experience, boost personal knowledge management and enhance the in-depth understanding and the reflection of re-experiences.
The innovations of this dissertation are stated as below.
Firstly, cognitive elements are introduced to enhance the SECI model of knowledge generation and formation mechanism of innovations in knowledge work. This is fulfilled by conducting analysis based on the perspective of the interaction between cognitive behavior and knowledge conversion which leads to the construction of a new model regarding innovations in knowledge. This model depicts more directly the four knowledge conversion modes involved in the innovation process and the core cognitive behavior corresponding to each knowledge conversion mode. This model pushes forward the understanding of the formation mechanism of innovations in knowledge work.
Secondly, functions of information technology and corresponding impacts on cognitive behaviors in innovation process are analyzed. This analysis creates a new perspective to analyze the functions and corresponding impacts of information technology tools in knowledge work.
Thirdly, impacts of information technology on innovations in knowledge work are explored from the perspective of cognition. Combined with the cognitive functions of information technology, information technology tools utilized to embrace the core cognitive behavior in each knowledge conversion mode are preliminarily explored, which is innovative in this spectrum of researches.
This dissertation also has positive academic and practical significance:
The analysis of the innovation mechanism in knowledge work from the perspective of cognition as well as the refining of the core cognitive behaviors in four knowledge conversion modes improve knowledge creation theory developed by Ikujiro Nonaka. The induction of the main information technology tools utilized in knowledge work and its cognitive functions fixes those understanding of information technology based solely on the information/knowledge management perspective. The exploration on impacts of information technology on innovations in knowledge work extends the spectrum of relevant research, and provides advices regarding appropriate application of information technology tools to promote innovations in knowledge work.
These conclusions provided a new approach for innovation practices and information technology applications in knowledge work.
引文
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