海绵、福州薯蓣和齿叶黄杞的化学成分及其抗癌活性研究
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摘要
在从海洋生物中寻找海星卵母细胞成熟抑制活性成分的过程中(该模型被用来筛选G2／M细胞周期抑制剂)，海绵(Phyllospongia dendyi)的乙醇提取物显示了较强的生物活性。利用多种分离手段从海绵(Phyllospongia dendyi)的乙醇提取物中分离得到11个化合物，其中2个新化合物，通过化学和光谱学方法，鉴定了它们的结构：2-(2', 4'-dibromophenoxy)-4, 6-dibromophenol (1), 2-(3',5'-dibromo-2'-methoxyphenoxy)-3, 5-dibromoanisole (2), 2-(4', 6'-dibromo-2'-methoxyphenoxy) -3, 5-dibromophenol (3), 2-(4', 5', 6'-tribromo-2'-methoxyphenoxy)-4, 6-dibromoanisole (4), 2-(3', 4', 6'-tribromo-2'-methoxyphenoxy)-4, 6- dibromophenol(5), 2-(3', 4', 5', 6'-tetrabromo-2'-methoxyphenoxy)-4, 6-dibromophenol (6)~*, 2-(4',6'-dibromo-2'-methoxyphenoxy)-4, 6-dibromophenol (7), 2-(4', 5', 6'-dibromo-2'-methoxyphenoxy)-4, 6-dibromophenol (8)~*, 2-(3', 4', 6'-tribromo-2'-hydroxyphenoxy)-4, 6-dibromophenol (9), 2-(4', 5', 6'-tribromo-2'-hydroxyphenoxy)-3,5-dibromophenol (10), 2-(3', 4', 5', 6'-tetrabromo-2'-hydroxyphenoxy)- 4, 6-dibromophenol(11)，其中6、8是新化合物。
对分离得到的多溴取代二苯醚类化合物进行了抗海星卵母细胞成熟活性(G2／M阻断活性)和抗微管蛋白聚集活性研究。研究发现，化合物9、10、11显示了较强的细胞周期抑制活性与微管蛋白聚集抑制活性。从试验结果推测，它们对海星卵母细胞成熟的抑制作用是源于它们对微管蛋白聚集的抑制作用。我们的研究首次揭示了溴取代二苯醚类化合物抑制海星卵母细胞成熟活性和抑制微管蛋白聚集活性，发现了一类新的微管蛋白抑制剂。它们的抗癌活性有待于进一步研究。
作为对薯蓣科薯蓣属植物抗癌活性成分研究的一部分，我们利用稻瘟霉活性筛选(Pyricularia oryzae bioassay)模型对福州薯蓣(Dioscorea futschauensis Uline
ex R. kunth)进行了生物活性成分的追踪分离及结构鉴定工作。利用现代色谱手段从福州薯蓣的根茎中分离得到28个化合物，其中7个为新化合物，通过化学
沈阳称料大学俘创匕学位论文
和光谱学方法，鉴定了它们的结构:p一谷幽醇(l)，p一胡萝卜素(2)，薯预皂昔
元(3)，DioseoroneA(4)*，3一phenyl一6，8一di场droxydihydroisoeoumarin(5)*，
薯祯皂普元一3一O一p一D一毗喃葡萄糖普(6)，薯预皂昔次级营A prosapogenin Aof
diosein(7)，薯预皂营次级普B pros即ogenin B ofdiosein(8)，薯预皂营diosein(9)，
纤细皂普gracillin(10)，(255卜spiros卜5、n一3p，27祖101一3一O一[a一L一rhamnopyranosyl
(l分2)一p一D一glueoPyranosyl(1斗3)」一p一D一glueoPyranoside(dioseoresideF，11)*，
26一O一p一D一glucoPyranosyl一3俘，26一ihydroxy一25(R)一furosta一5，20(22)一dien一3一O一a一L-
rhamnopyranosyl(l分2卜p一D一glueopyranoside(12)，伪原薯祯皂营pseudoProto
diosein(13)，伪原纤细皂普pseudoprotograeillin(14)*，dioseoresideC(15)，26一O-
p一D一glueoPyranosyl一3日，26甩i冲droxy一23(S)一methoxyl一25(R)一furosta一5，20(22)一dien
一3一O一a一L一rhamnoPyranosyl(1分2)一[p一D一glueoPyranosyl(1分3)]一p一D-
glucop”anoside(dioseoresideE，16)*，原薯预皂昔protodiosein(17)，甲基原薯预
皂昔methyl protodiosein(18)，原新薯锁皂营protoneodiosein(19)，甲基原新薯预
皂昔methyl protoneodiosein(20)，原纤细皂昔proto『acillin(21)，甲基原纤细皂昔
methyl protograeillin(22)，原新纤细皂昔protoneograeillin(23)，甲基原新纤细皂
普methyl protoneograeillin(24)，3p一[(0一a一L一rhamnopyranosyl一(l斗2)一O一[a一L-
rhamnoPyranosyl一(1峥4)]一p一D一glueoPyranosyl)oxy]Pregn一5，16一en一20一one
(h邓oglaueinF，25)，3p一[(O一a一L一tharnnopyTanosyl一(1峥2)一O一[a一L一glucopyranosyl
一(1分3)1一p一D一glueoPyranosyl)oxy]Pregn一5，16一en一20一one(26)，16a一methoxyl一3p-
[(O一a一L一rhamnoPyranosyl一(1分2)一O一汇a一L一rhamnoPyranosyl一(1峥4)]一p一D-
9 lucopyranosyl)oxy]pregn一5一en一20一one(27)*，21一methoxyl一3p一「(O一a一L-
tha们以nop皿anosyl一(1分2)一O一[a一L一thamnopyranosyl一(1分4)]一p一D一glueopyTanosyl)oxy]
pregn一5，16一en一20一one(28)*。其中，化合物4、s、11、14、16、27和25为新化
合物，全部4、5、7、8、11一28均为首次从该种植物中分离得到。
利用招瘟霉活性筛选方法对从福州薯赣中芬禽得到的29个化合物进仔了居
性测试，幽体皂普类成分显示了很强的抗稻瘟霉活性。在此基础上，利用MTT
法测定了各单体化合物对K562细胞的细胞毒活性，部分幽体皂昔类化合物显示
了较强的细胞毒活性。我们重点研究了化合物8(pros即ogenin B of diosein)对5
种人体肿瘤细胞系的细胞毒活性和诱导HCT-巧细胞凋亡活性。结果表明，化合
沈阳苟料大学俘d匕学位论文
?
In our continuous efforts on the screening of biologically active agents from sea, the ethanol extract of marine sponge Phyllospongia dendyi presented strong inhibitory bioactivity on the maturation of starfish oocyte Asterian pectinifera, an assay developed for the search of G2/M inhibitors. The bioassay-guided separation resulted in the isolation of 11 polybrominated diphenyl ethers. Their structures were established as ( new compounds were indicated with the asterisk.): 2-(2', 4'-dibromophenoxy)-4, 6-dibromophenol (1), 2-(3', 5'-dibromo-2'- methoxyphenoxy ) -3, 5-dibromoanisole (2), 2-(4', 6'-dibromo-2'-methoxyphenoxy)-3, 5-dibromophenol (3), 2-(4', 5', 6'-tribromo-2'-methoxyphenoxy)-4, 6-dibromoanisole (4), 2-(3', 4', 6'-tribromo-2'-methoxyphenoxy)-4, 6-dibromophenol (5), 2-(3', 4', 5', 6'-tetrabromo-2' -methoxyphenoxy)-4, 6-dibromophenol (6) *, 2-(4', 6'-dibromo-2'-methoxyphenoxy) -4, 6-dibromophenol (7), 2-(4', 5', 6'-dibromo-2'-methoxyphenoxy ) -4, 6-dibromo phenol (8) *, 2-(3', 4', 6'-tribromo-2'-hyd
roxyphenoxy)-4, 6-dibromophenol (9), 2-(4', 5', 6'-tribromo-2'-hydroxyphenoxy)-3, 5-dibromophenol (10) , 2-(3', 4', 5', 6'-tetra bromo-2'-hydroxyphenoxy)-4, 6-dibromphenol(11) by NMR spectra analysis and comparison with the reference data.
The G2/M cell cycle inhibitory activity of compounds 1-11 on first meiotic division of starfish oocytes was evaluated. Compounds 9, 10, and 11 showed inhibitory activity on meiotic maturation of starfish oocytes (G2/M arrest) with the IC50 value of 4.2, 4.2, and 3.6 uM, the integrate germinal vesicles were observed under microscope. On the same time, compounds 9, 10 and 11 presented a promising inhibitory activity on microtubulin polymerization in vitro. IC50 value was determined
as 33.5, 20.9, and 29.6 uM, respectively. It seems that compounds 9, 10, and 11 inhibit the maturation of starfish oocytes via the inhibition of microtubulin polymerization. It is the first report of above-mentioned biological activities for the polybrominated diphenyl ethers. Based on the above bioactivities study, the structure-activity relationship information was obtained.
As a part of our continuous study on the anti-cancer components from plants of
Dioscorea genus, the ethanol extract of Dioscorea futschauensis Uline ex R. Kunth was under bioassay-guided isolation, using a Pyricularia oryzae bioassay. 28 compounds were isolated from the n-butanol soluble fraction. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of physico-chemical and NMR spectral methods as (new compounds were indicated with asterisk.): p-sitosterol (1), p-daucosterone(2), diogenin(3), Dioscorone A (4)*, 3-phenyl-6, 8-dihydroxydihydroisocoumarin(5)*, diosgenin-3-O-(3-D-glucopyranoside(6), prosapogenin A of dioscin(7), prosapogenin B of dioscin(8), dioscin (9), gracillin (10), (25S)-spirost-5-en-3p, 27-diol-3-O-[a-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1-2)-B-D-glucopyranosyl(1-3)]-B-D-glucopyranoside (dioscoreside F, 11)*, 26-O-B-D-glucopyranosyl-3p, 26-dihydroxy-25 (R)-furosta-5, 20(22)-dien-3-O-a-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1-2)-p-D-glucopyranoside (12), pseudoprotodioscin (13), pseudoprotogracillin (14) *, dioscoreside C (15), 26-Op-D-glucopyranosyl-3p, 26-dmydroxy-23(S)-methoxyl-25(R)-furosta-5, 20(22)-dien-3-O-a-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1-2)-[p-D-glucopyranosyl(1-3)]-B-D-glucopyranoside (dioscoreside E, 16)*, protodioscin (17), methyl protodioscin (18), protoneodioscin (19), methyl protoneodioscin (20), protogracillin (21), methyl protogracillin (22), protoneogracillin (23), methyl protoneogracillin (24), 3p- [(O-a-L-rhamnopyranosyl -(1-2)-O-[a-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-4)]-B-D-glucopyranosyl)oxy]pregn-5, 16-en-20-one(hypoglaucin F, 25), 3B-[(O-a-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-2)-O-[a-L-glucopyranosyl-(1-3)]-B-D-glucopyranosyl)oxy]pregn-5, 16-en-20-one (26), 16a-methoxyl-3p-[(O-a-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-2)-O-[a-L- rhamnopyranosyl-(1-4)]-B-D-glucopyrano syl)oxy]pregn-5-en-20-one (27) * , 21-methoxyl-3B-[(O-a-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-2)-O-[a-L-rhamnopyranoyl-(1-4)]-B-D-glucopyranosyl) oxy]pregn-5,16-en-20-one (28) *.
The anti-fungal activity and cytotoxicity on K562 ce
对分离得到的多溴取代二苯醚类化合物进行了抗海星卵母细胞成熟活性(G2／M阻断活性)和抗微管蛋白聚集活性研究。研究发现，化合物9、10、11显示了较强的细胞周期抑制活性与微管蛋白聚集抑制活性。从试验结果推测，它们对海星卵母细胞成熟的抑制作用是源于它们对微管蛋白聚集的抑制作用。我们的研究首次揭示了溴取代二苯醚类化合物抑制海星卵母细胞成熟活性和抑制微管蛋白聚集活性，发现了一类新的微管蛋白抑制剂。它们的抗癌活性有待于进一步研究。
作为对薯蓣科薯蓣属植物抗癌活性成分研究的一部分，我们利用稻瘟霉活性筛选(Pyricularia oryzae bioassay)模型对福州薯蓣(Dioscorea futschauensis Uline
ex R. kunth)进行了生物活性成分的追踪分离及结构鉴定工作。利用现代色谱手段从福州薯蓣的根茎中分离得到28个化合物，其中7个为新化合物，通过化学
沈阳称料大学俘创匕学位论文
和光谱学方法，鉴定了它们的结构:p一谷幽醇(l)，p一胡萝卜素(2)，薯预皂昔
元(3)，DioseoroneA(4)*，3一phenyl一6，8一di场droxydihydroisoeoumarin(5)*，
薯祯皂普元一3一O一p一D一毗喃葡萄糖普(6)，薯预皂昔次级营A prosapogenin Aof
diosein(7)，薯预皂营次级普B pros即ogenin B ofdiosein(8)，薯预皂营diosein(9)，
纤细皂普gracillin(10)，(255卜spiros卜5、n一3p，27祖101一3一O一[a一L一rhamnopyranosyl
(l分2)一p一D一glueoPyranosyl(1斗3)」一p一D一glueoPyranoside(dioseoresideF，11)*，
26一O一p一D一glucoPyranosyl一3俘，26一ihydroxy一25(R)一furosta一5，20(22)一dien一3一O一a一L-
rhamnopyranosyl(l分2卜p一D一glueopyranoside(12)，伪原薯祯皂营pseudoProto
diosein(13)，伪原纤细皂普pseudoprotograeillin(14)*，dioseoresideC(15)，26一O-
p一D一glueoPyranosyl一3日，26甩i冲droxy一23(S)一methoxyl一25(R)一furosta一5，20(22)一dien
一3一O一a一L一rhamnoPyranosyl(1分2)一[p一D一glueoPyranosyl(1分3)]一p一D-
glucop”anoside(dioseoresideE，16)*，原薯预皂昔protodiosein(17)，甲基原薯预
皂昔methyl protodiosein(18)，原新薯锁皂营protoneodiosein(19)，甲基原新薯预
皂昔methyl protoneodiosein(20)，原纤细皂昔proto『acillin(21)，甲基原纤细皂昔
methyl protograeillin(22)，原新纤细皂昔protoneograeillin(23)，甲基原新纤细皂
普methyl protoneograeillin(24)，3p一[(0一a一L一rhamnopyranosyl一(l斗2)一O一[a一L-
rhamnoPyranosyl一(1峥4)]一p一D一glueoPyranosyl)oxy]Pregn一5，16一en一20一one
(h邓oglaueinF，25)，3p一[(O一a一L一tharnnopyTanosyl一(1峥2)一O一[a一L一glucopyranosyl
一(1分3)1一p一D一glueoPyranosyl)oxy]Pregn一5，16一en一20一one(26)，16a一methoxyl一3p-
[(O一a一L一rhamnoPyranosyl一(1分2)一O一汇a一L一rhamnoPyranosyl一(1峥4)]一p一D-
9 lucopyranosyl)oxy]pregn一5一en一20一one(27)*，21一methoxyl一3p一「(O一a一L-
tha们以nop皿anosyl一(1分2)一O一[a一L一thamnopyranosyl一(1分4)]一p一D一glueopyTanosyl)oxy]
pregn一5，16一en一20一one(28)*。其中，化合物4、s、11、14、16、27和25为新化
合物，全部4、5、7、8、11一28均为首次从该种植物中分离得到。
利用招瘟霉活性筛选方法对从福州薯赣中芬禽得到的29个化合物进仔了居
性测试，幽体皂普类成分显示了很强的抗稻瘟霉活性。在此基础上，利用MTT
法测定了各单体化合物对K562细胞的细胞毒活性，部分幽体皂昔类化合物显示
了较强的细胞毒活性。我们重点研究了化合物8(pros即ogenin B of diosein)对5
种人体肿瘤细胞系的细胞毒活性和诱导HCT-巧细胞凋亡活性。结果表明，化合
沈阳苟料大学俘d匕学位论文
?
In our continuous efforts on the screening of biologically active agents from sea, the ethanol extract of marine sponge Phyllospongia dendyi presented strong inhibitory bioactivity on the maturation of starfish oocyte Asterian pectinifera, an assay developed for the search of G2/M inhibitors. The bioassay-guided separation resulted in the isolation of 11 polybrominated diphenyl ethers. Their structures were established as ( new compounds were indicated with the asterisk.): 2-(2', 4'-dibromophenoxy)-4, 6-dibromophenol (1), 2-(3', 5'-dibromo-2'- methoxyphenoxy ) -3, 5-dibromoanisole (2), 2-(4', 6'-dibromo-2'-methoxyphenoxy)-3, 5-dibromophenol (3), 2-(4', 5', 6'-tribromo-2'-methoxyphenoxy)-4, 6-dibromoanisole (4), 2-(3', 4', 6'-tribromo-2'-methoxyphenoxy)-4, 6-dibromophenol (5), 2-(3', 4', 5', 6'-tetrabromo-2' -methoxyphenoxy)-4, 6-dibromophenol (6) *, 2-(4', 6'-dibromo-2'-methoxyphenoxy) -4, 6-dibromophenol (7), 2-(4', 5', 6'-dibromo-2'-methoxyphenoxy ) -4, 6-dibromo phenol (8) *, 2-(3', 4', 6'-tribromo-2'-hyd
roxyphenoxy)-4, 6-dibromophenol (9), 2-(4', 5', 6'-tribromo-2'-hydroxyphenoxy)-3, 5-dibromophenol (10) , 2-(3', 4', 5', 6'-tetra bromo-2'-hydroxyphenoxy)-4, 6-dibromphenol(11) by NMR spectra analysis and comparison with the reference data.
The G2/M cell cycle inhibitory activity of compounds 1-11 on first meiotic division of starfish oocytes was evaluated. Compounds 9, 10, and 11 showed inhibitory activity on meiotic maturation of starfish oocytes (G2/M arrest) with the IC50 value of 4.2, 4.2, and 3.6 uM, the integrate germinal vesicles were observed under microscope. On the same time, compounds 9, 10 and 11 presented a promising inhibitory activity on microtubulin polymerization in vitro. IC50 value was determined
as 33.5, 20.9, and 29.6 uM, respectively. It seems that compounds 9, 10, and 11 inhibit the maturation of starfish oocytes via the inhibition of microtubulin polymerization. It is the first report of above-mentioned biological activities for the polybrominated diphenyl ethers. Based on the above bioactivities study, the structure-activity relationship information was obtained.
As a part of our continuous study on the anti-cancer components from plants of
Dioscorea genus, the ethanol extract of Dioscorea futschauensis Uline ex R. Kunth was under bioassay-guided isolation, using a Pyricularia oryzae bioassay. 28 compounds were isolated from the n-butanol soluble fraction. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of physico-chemical and NMR spectral methods as (new compounds were indicated with asterisk.): p-sitosterol (1), p-daucosterone(2), diogenin(3), Dioscorone A (4)*, 3-phenyl-6, 8-dihydroxydihydroisocoumarin(5)*, diosgenin-3-O-(3-D-glucopyranoside(6), prosapogenin A of dioscin(7), prosapogenin B of dioscin(8), dioscin (9), gracillin (10), (25S)-spirost-5-en-3p, 27-diol-3-O-[a-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1-2)-B-D-glucopyranosyl(1-3)]-B-D-glucopyranoside (dioscoreside F, 11)*, 26-O-B-D-glucopyranosyl-3p, 26-dihydroxy-25 (R)-furosta-5, 20(22)-dien-3-O-a-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1-2)-p-D-glucopyranoside (12), pseudoprotodioscin (13), pseudoprotogracillin (14) *, dioscoreside C (15), 26-Op-D-glucopyranosyl-3p, 26-dmydroxy-23(S)-methoxyl-25(R)-furosta-5, 20(22)-dien-3-O-a-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1-2)-[p-D-glucopyranosyl(1-3)]-B-D-glucopyranoside (dioscoreside E, 16)*, protodioscin (17), methyl protodioscin (18), protoneodioscin (19), methyl protoneodioscin (20), protogracillin (21), methyl protogracillin (22), protoneogracillin (23), methyl protoneogracillin (24), 3p- [(O-a-L-rhamnopyranosyl -(1-2)-O-[a-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-4)]-B-D-glucopyranosyl)oxy]pregn-5, 16-en-20-one(hypoglaucin F, 25), 3B-[(O-a-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-2)-O-[a-L-glucopyranosyl-(1-3)]-B-D-glucopyranosyl)oxy]pregn-5, 16-en-20-one (26), 16a-methoxyl-3p-[(O-a-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-2)-O-[a-L- rhamnopyranosyl-(1-4)]-B-D-glucopyrano syl)oxy]pregn-5-en-20-one (27) * , 21-methoxyl-3B-[(O-a-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-2)-O-[a-L-rhamnopyranoyl-(1-4)]-B-D-glucopyranosyl) oxy]pregn-5,16-en-20-one (28) *.
The anti-fungal activity and cytotoxicity on K562 ce
引文
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25. Tang, S. R., Wu, Y. F., Pang, Z. J., Identification and isolation of steroidal of Dioscorea zingiberensis Wright, Zhiwu Xuebao, 1983, 25(6), 556-562
26. Nguyen, X. C., Zeigan, D., Voigt, G., Hiller, k., Seroidal saponins of Dioscorea hispida L., Pharmazie, 1987, 42(2), 143
27. Dong, V. T., Nguyen, V. D., Nguyen, T. D., Study of Dioscorea deltoidea Wall. grown in Vietnam. Ⅲ. The main spirostan-saponins in the rhizome, Rev. Pharm.(1985), 20-27
28. Paseshnichenko, V. A., Guseva, A. R., Strigina, L. I., Et al, Structure of deltofolin-a steroidal saponin from leaves of Dioscorea deltoidea Wall, Dokl. Akad Nauk SSSR, 1981, 256(3), 742-745
29. Tang, S. R., Jiang, Z. D., Steroidal saponins of Dioscorea tokoro Makino(collected from Zhejiang), Zhiwu Xuebao, 1987, 29(2), 193-196
30. Uomori, A., Seo, S., Tori, A., Et al, Protoyonogenin and Protoneoyonogenin from the aerial parts and tissue cultures of Dioscorea tokoro, Phytochemistry, 1983,22(1), 203-206
31. Liu, C. L., Chen, Y. Y., Ge, S. B., Isolation and identification of steroidal saponins from Dioscorea parviflora Ting, Zhiwu Xuebao, 1985, 27(6), 635-639
32. Tang, S. R., Wu, Y. F., Isolation and identification of steroidal saponin from Dioscorea gracillima Miq., Zhiwu Xuebao, 1984, 26(6), 630-633
33. Liu, C. L., Chen, Y. Y., Studies on chemical constituents of Dioscorea plants. Ⅹ. Isolation and identification of steroidal saponins and sapogenins from Dioscorea althaeoides Kunth, Yaoxue Xuebao, 1984, 19(10), 799-801
34. Liu, C. L., Chen, Y. Y., Ge, S. B., Studies on the chemical constituents of Dioscorea plants. Ⅱ. Isolation and identification of steroidal saponins from Dioscorea collettii Hook. f., Yaoxue Xuebao, 1983, 18(8), 597-606
35. Kalogjera, Z., Petricic, J., Cultivated plant Dioscorea nipponica Thunb. Raw material for the isolation of diosgenin (basic substance for the synthesis of corticosteroids), Farm. Vestn. (Ljubljana), 1983, 34(2), 71-75
36. Fang, Y. W., Zhao, J. J., Ho, Y. Z., Et al, Elucidation of the chemical structures of
two steroid saponins of Dioscorea nipponica Makino, Yaoxue Xuebao, 1982,17(5), 388-91
37. Espejo, O., Llavot, J. C., Jung, h. Giral, F., Spirostanic diosgenin precursors from Dioscorea composita tubers, Phytochemistry, 1982, 21 (2), 413-416
38. Mahato, S. B., Sahu, N. P., Ganguly, A. N., Steroidal saponin from Dioscorea floribunda: structures of floribundasaponins A and B, Phytochemistry, 1981,20(8), 1943-1946
39. Mhato, S. B., Sahu, N. P., Pal, B. C., New steroidal saponins from Dioscorea floribunda: structures of floribundasaponins C, D, E, and F, Indian J. Chem., Sect. B, 1978, 16B(5), 350-354
40. Hoyer, G. A., Sucrow, W., Winkler, D., Diosgenin saponins from Dioscorea floribunda, Phytochemistry, 1975, 14(2), 539-542
41. Joly, R. A., Bonner, j., Bennett, R. D., Et al, Conversion of an open-chain saponin to dioscin by a Dioscorea floribunda homogenate, Phytochemistry, 1969, 8(8), 1445-1447
42. Kiyosawa, S., Goto, K., Sakamoto, K., Et al, A spirostanol glycoside from aerial parts of Dioscorea tenuipes, Phytochemistry, 1982, 21(12), 2913-2915
43. Kiyosawa, S., Goto, K., Owashi, R., Et al, Glycosides of 20,22-seco-furostane detrivatives, Tetrahedron Lett., 1977, 52, 4599-4602
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