虚拟现实技术在远程教育领域的应用研究
摘要
基于网络的远程教育比起传统的远程教育方式,存在着交互性、多媒体等等众多优点。但是目前中国的网络远程教育却仅仅是传统远程教育的“网络版”,远远没有把网络远程教育的优势发挥出来。本设计正是针对这种情况,试图在网络远程教育中加入交互的成份,让网络远程教育的优势真正发挥出来。本文首先以学习理论为指导依据,借用了软件工程的开发思想及方法,研究了远程教学系统的开发方法及流程,包括准备阶段、分析阶段、设计阶段、开发阶段和实施阶段。主要开发的版块包括网络课堂、在线考试、在线设计、答疑系统和虚拟实验室。网络课堂模块是远程教育系统的主要部分,而其它模块则为远程教学系统提供了多种多样的教学手段。其中自行开发的具有绘图功能的电子白板可以实现在线实时绘图功能,为远程课程中的师生提供了更加直观的讨论答疑工具。随后笔者在文中单列出一章来论述三维虚拟实验的设计和开发方法,使用VRML语言进行三维形体造型,并结合Java语言和VRML技术自行开发了交互式的柴油机元件虚拟装拆实验,为工科各科网络课程,尤其是机械类课程的虚拟实验建设提供一个新的开发途径和模式。
Along with networking, multimedia technologies and data bank technology gradually maturing, modern education technology already quietly to network education transition. The education network was a modern education big characteristic, the network education namely distance learning has represented a modern education development direction.
In computer science high speed development today, the virtual reality technology has had the pivotal status in the computer domain. The virtual reality technology, is the full use high performance computer hardware and the software resource and each kind of advanced sensor's one kind of integrated technology, its major technique constitution for real-time three dimensional graph production technology, multi-sensing interactive technology as well as high resolution display technology and so on. Therefore, it in fact is the computer science and technical extending. The virtual reality technology can produce real-time, has the three dimensional information man-power virtual environment, The drilling may enter in which, produces clearly experiences personally the feeling, and carries on the real-time operation equally likely in the real world with this environment and exchanges mutually. The virtual reality technology was already rapid mature and the development, and obtains the widespread application in many domains.
In recent years, the long-distance teaching system's construction has become various disciplines educational reform and the research hot spot. Compares traditional based on the network distance learning the distance learning way, has interactive, multimedia and so on numerous merits. But compares the student with the traditional curriculum the experience which whether to obtain truly in the long-distance network study experiences personally, this question will expose obviously in some practical strong discipline. At present China's network distance learning actually merely is the traditional distance learning“the online edition”, has not displayed by far the network distance learning's superiority. The long-distance network educates the condition which the middle-school student studies independently to be limited, independent sense of participation insufficiency serious influence distance learning teaching effect. This design is precisely in view of this kind of situation, attempts to produce in the network distance learning through the virtual reality technology with learner's interaction, lets the network distance learning the superiority display truly.
The long-distance experiment teaching is in an entire distance learning important component, but in the long-distance experiment teaching and distance learning's theoretical teaching's way has the difference: In the distance learning, theory class's many curricula are complete through the long-distance range multimedia teaching media; But tests the basic point is the student must begin to practice personally. Therefore is opposite in the distance learning theoretical teaching pattern says, it is the short distance. Thus, has had the condition which in the distance learning the experiment teaching and the long-distance educational model does not adapt. In order to solve experiment's short distance and the teaching media long-distance range contradiction, the domestic and foreign some distance learning organization once had used each method. In the 1990s rose the hypothesized experiment only then gave the long-distance experiment teaching to bring the hope, it might cause the experiment teaching completely long-distance, thus fundamentally solved the condition which the present experiment teaching and the distance learning pattern did not adapt. The suppositional experiment is depended on broad sense go ahead as if being also that a kind of simulates an experiment, but it at experiment's main body reality and the application universality, as well as is giving the laboratory technician on the spot real-time aspects and so on feeling and experiment effect, the traditional computer simulation experiment is unable to compare radically. The hypothesized experiment is generally carries on through the hypothesized laboratory. The so-called hypothesized laboratory, is refers to by virtual reality technology production one kind is suitable for to carry on the hypothesized experiment's experiment system, including corresponding laboratory environment, related experiment instrumentation equipment, experimental subject as well as experiment information resource and so on. The hypothesized laboratory may be some realistic laboratory real realization, may also be the laboratory which hypothesized devises. In the hypothesized laboratory, the laboratory technician has the lifelike feeling, he as if is the short distance carries on the scene operation in the genuine Realistic laboratory.
The 21st century is especially mature times of virtual reality technology, the virtual reality technology will develop further its breadth and the depth in educational fields' application.
This article first take the theory of learning as the instruction basis, has borrowed the software engineering development thought and the method, has studied the long-distance teaching system's method of exploitation and the flow, including preparatory stage, analysis stage, design stage, phase of exploitation and implementation stage. Its main development content including online class, online test, online design, replies the question system and hypothesized laboratory. The online class module is the distance learning system's main part, but other modules have provided many and varied teaching media for the long-distance teaching system. And develops voluntarily has the cartography function electronic tabula rasa to be possible to realize the online real-time cartography function, has provided the more direct-viewing discussion Q/A tool for the long-distance curriculum's in teachers and students. Afterward the author a single row chapter elaborates the three dimensional hypothesized experiment's design and the method of exploitation in the article, uses the VRML language to carry on the three dimensional physique manufactures, and unified the Java language and the VRML technology has developed the interactive diesel engine part hypothesized assembling and dismantling experiment voluntarily. For the engineering course various branches network curriculum, the machinery curriculum's hypothesized experiment constructs particularly provides a new development way and the pattern. Finally the author has carried on the summary to the full text work, and unifies in the system development the experience and the tentative plan, proposed that will study from now on further direction which and will consummate diligently.
Along with networking, multimedia technologies and data bank technology gradually maturing, modern education technology already quietly to network education transition. The education network was a modern education big characteristic, the network education namely distance learning has represented a modern education development direction.
In computer science high speed development today, the virtual reality technology has had the pivotal status in the computer domain. The virtual reality technology, is the full use high performance computer hardware and the software resource and each kind of advanced sensor's one kind of integrated technology, its major technique constitution for real-time three dimensional graph production technology, multi-sensing interactive technology as well as high resolution display technology and so on. Therefore, it in fact is the computer science and technical extending. The virtual reality technology can produce real-time, has the three dimensional information man-power virtual environment, The drilling may enter in which, produces clearly experiences personally the feeling, and carries on the real-time operation equally likely in the real world with this environment and exchanges mutually. The virtual reality technology was already rapid mature and the development, and obtains the widespread application in many domains.
In recent years, the long-distance teaching system's construction has become various disciplines educational reform and the research hot spot. Compares traditional based on the network distance learning the distance learning way, has interactive, multimedia and so on numerous merits. But compares the student with the traditional curriculum the experience which whether to obtain truly in the long-distance network study experiences personally, this question will expose obviously in some practical strong discipline. At present China's network distance learning actually merely is the traditional distance learning“the online edition”, has not displayed by far the network distance learning's superiority. The long-distance network educates the condition which the middle-school student studies independently to be limited, independent sense of participation insufficiency serious influence distance learning teaching effect. This design is precisely in view of this kind of situation, attempts to produce in the network distance learning through the virtual reality technology with learner's interaction, lets the network distance learning the superiority display truly.
The long-distance experiment teaching is in an entire distance learning important component, but in the long-distance experiment teaching and distance learning's theoretical teaching's way has the difference: In the distance learning, theory class's many curricula are complete through the long-distance range multimedia teaching media; But tests the basic point is the student must begin to practice personally. Therefore is opposite in the distance learning theoretical teaching pattern says, it is the short distance. Thus, has had the condition which in the distance learning the experiment teaching and the long-distance educational model does not adapt. In order to solve experiment's short distance and the teaching media long-distance range contradiction, the domestic and foreign some distance learning organization once had used each method. In the 1990s rose the hypothesized experiment only then gave the long-distance experiment teaching to bring the hope, it might cause the experiment teaching completely long-distance, thus fundamentally solved the condition which the present experiment teaching and the distance learning pattern did not adapt. The suppositional experiment is depended on broad sense go ahead as if being also that a kind of simulates an experiment, but it at experiment's main body reality and the application universality, as well as is giving the laboratory technician on the spot real-time aspects and so on feeling and experiment effect, the traditional computer simulation experiment is unable to compare radically. The hypothesized experiment is generally carries on through the hypothesized laboratory. The so-called hypothesized laboratory, is refers to by virtual reality technology production one kind is suitable for to carry on the hypothesized experiment's experiment system, including corresponding laboratory environment, related experiment instrumentation equipment, experimental subject as well as experiment information resource and so on. The hypothesized laboratory may be some realistic laboratory real realization, may also be the laboratory which hypothesized devises. In the hypothesized laboratory, the laboratory technician has the lifelike feeling, he as if is the short distance carries on the scene operation in the genuine Realistic laboratory.
The 21st century is especially mature times of virtual reality technology, the virtual reality technology will develop further its breadth and the depth in educational fields' application.
This article first take the theory of learning as the instruction basis, has borrowed the software engineering development thought and the method, has studied the long-distance teaching system's method of exploitation and the flow, including preparatory stage, analysis stage, design stage, phase of exploitation and implementation stage. Its main development content including online class, online test, online design, replies the question system and hypothesized laboratory. The online class module is the distance learning system's main part, but other modules have provided many and varied teaching media for the long-distance teaching system. And develops voluntarily has the cartography function electronic tabula rasa to be possible to realize the online real-time cartography function, has provided the more direct-viewing discussion Q/A tool for the long-distance curriculum's in teachers and students. Afterward the author a single row chapter elaborates the three dimensional hypothesized experiment's design and the method of exploitation in the article, uses the VRML language to carry on the three dimensional physique manufactures, and unified the Java language and the VRML technology has developed the interactive diesel engine part hypothesized assembling and dismantling experiment voluntarily. For the engineering course various branches network curriculum, the machinery curriculum's hypothesized experiment constructs particularly provides a new development way and the pattern. Finally the author has carried on the summary to the full text work, and unifies in the system development the experience and the tentative plan, proposed that will study from now on further direction which and will consummate diligently.
引文
[1]丁兴富.远程教育学[M].北京:北京师范大学出版社,2001.
[2]王荣芝,杨雪.基于Java3D的网络虚拟实验的开发[J].实验室研究与探索,2006(6):16-18.
[3]祝智庭.网络教育应用教程[M].北京:北京师范大学出版社,2001.
[4]李学农,丁彦青,温玲.多媒体教学优化设计[M].广州:广东高等教育出版社,1998.
[5]南国农,李运林.电化教育学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1998.
[6]戴心来,陈齐荣.网络课程的教学交互及其设计探究[J].电化教育研究,2005(3):26-29.
[7]李志兰,陈岗.基于Internet的交互式远程教学课件的实现[J].南京师大学报(自然科学版),1999(1):19-22.
[8]阳化冰,刘忠丽.虚拟现实构造语言VRML[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2000.
[9]李学明,李继等.远程教育系统及其实现[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2000.
[10]教育部现代远程教育资源建设委员会.现代远程教育资源建设技术规范(试行)[S],2000.
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[14]董士海,王坚等.人机交互和多通道用户界面[M].北京,科学出版社,1999.
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[17]白旭.新编中文Flash 8短期培训教程[M].西安:西北工业大学出版社,2006.
[18]齐玉斌,张海涛,张玉红,钟达,王登才.网络考试系统的设计与实现[J].中国远程教育,2003(7):34-37.
[19]李俊.ASP动态网页设计[M].北京:中国铁道出版社,2006.
[20]刘甘娜.计算机辅助教学软件开发工具及应用[M].北京:电子工业出版社,1996.
[21]汪兴谦.VRML虚拟造型实战演练[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2002.
[22]林富尧.Java语言及其程序设计范例[M].武汉:华中理工大学出版社,1997.
[23]宋达.虚拟现实技术在教育领域中的应用与设计[D].长春:东北师范大学,2005.
[24]中国IT培训工程编委会.3DS MAX动画制作培训班[M],广州:珠海出版社,2002.
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[27]陈邦本.3D Studio MAX速成教程[M].北京:北京希望电子出版社,2001.
[28]吴伟.具有虚拟现实特征的交互式远程教学技术研究[D].武汉:华中科技大学,2002.
[2]王荣芝,杨雪.基于Java3D的网络虚拟实验的开发[J].实验室研究与探索,2006(6):16-18.
[3]祝智庭.网络教育应用教程[M].北京:北京师范大学出版社,2001.
[4]李学农,丁彦青,温玲.多媒体教学优化设计[M].广州:广东高等教育出版社,1998.
[5]南国农,李运林.电化教育学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1998.
[6]戴心来,陈齐荣.网络课程的教学交互及其设计探究[J].电化教育研究,2005(3):26-29.
[7]李志兰,陈岗.基于Internet的交互式远程教学课件的实现[J].南京师大学报(自然科学版),1999(1):19-22.
[8]阳化冰,刘忠丽.虚拟现实构造语言VRML[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2000.
[9]李学明,李继等.远程教育系统及其实现[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2000.
[10]教育部现代远程教育资源建设委员会.现代远程教育资源建设技术规范(试行)[S],2000.
[11]韩志坚,封昌权,徐建祥.现代教育基础教程[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2000.
[12]周龙宝.内燃机学[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1999.
[13]周怒义,杨晓华,候洪涛.多媒体CAI及网络化远程教学技术[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2001.
[14]董士海,王坚等.人机交互和多通道用户界面[M].北京,科学出版社,1999.
[15]张祖忻.美国教育技术的理论及其演变[M].上海:上海外语教育出版社,1994.
[16]陆耀祖.内燃机构造与原理[M].北京:中国建材工业出版社,2004.
[17]白旭.新编中文Flash 8短期培训教程[M].西安:西北工业大学出版社,2006.
[18]齐玉斌,张海涛,张玉红,钟达,王登才.网络考试系统的设计与实现[J].中国远程教育,2003(7):34-37.
[19]李俊.ASP动态网页设计[M].北京:中国铁道出版社,2006.
[20]刘甘娜.计算机辅助教学软件开发工具及应用[M].北京:电子工业出版社,1996.
[21]汪兴谦.VRML虚拟造型实战演练[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2002.
[22]林富尧.Java语言及其程序设计范例[M].武汉:华中理工大学出版社,1997.
[23]宋达.虚拟现实技术在教育领域中的应用与设计[D].长春:东北师范大学,2005.
[24]中国IT培训工程编委会.3DS MAX动画制作培训班[M],广州:珠海出版社,2002.
[25] [美]S Elliott,P Miller,黄心渊等译.3D Studio MAX技术精粹(第1卷)[M].北京:清华大学出版社,1998.
[26] [美]Dave espinosa-aguilar, Eric Peterson,黄心渊等译.3D Studio MAX技术精粹(第2卷)[M].北京:清华大学出版社,1998.
[27]陈邦本.3D Studio MAX速成教程[M].北京:北京希望电子出版社,2001.
[28]吴伟.具有虚拟现实特征的交互式远程教学技术研究[D].武汉:华中科技大学,2002.