电子式单相复费率IC卡电能表的研制
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摘要
在电工仪表领域中,电子式单相复费率IC卡电能表是一种测量电能的新型仪表。它可以分别显示用户不同时段的用电量及当前的总电量。该仪表对指导用户明智地使用电能,保证电力系统经济运行及适应电能管理自动化的要求具有非常重要的意义。
本文介绍了电子式单相复费率IC卡电能表的测量原理及研制过程。首先阐述了感应式电度表的原理并指出所存在的问题,分析了几种电子式电能表的结构及特点,然后提出了一种新颖的以单片机,电能计量芯片为核心的电子式复费率IC卡电能表的实现方案,还提出了电能表的附带装置-红外线遥控器的设计方案。电能表复费率和IC卡预付费相结合方案的提出及实现是本课题的一个创新点。红外线遥控器将给电力部门管理人员提供一种方便的工具。本文还详细地分析了所用的基于∑△调制的A/D转换原理及优势。在软件方面,设计的上电自检子程序,电能计算处理子程序,峰平谷显示切换等子程序也有独到之处。前两者能显示主要集成电路的状态与保持计算剩余极小电量不丢失。第三者能实现一旦时钟芯片报警时间到,就改变峰平谷显示的功能。本文还介绍了在硬件和软件方面采取的抗干扰措施,其中软件措施包括指令冗余技术、软件陷阱技术、“看门狗”技术等。最后,作者还给出了整个实验的详细数据及误差分析结果。
由于本系统经过了精心的设计,使得该仪器具有操作简单、一表四用,准确度高(达到了国家规定的0.5级标准)、功耗低、抗干扰能力强的特点而且长时间掉电不丢失重要数据。经模拟实验证明,测试结果达到了设计指标的要求。研究表明,本仪器的复费率和IC卡相结合的方案是新颖的、切实可行的。
In the field of electrical instruments, the single-phase IC card electrical energy instrument made up of electronic elements for multi-level electrical prices is a new type of instrument to measure electrical energy. It can be used to display the electric quantity consumed by the users according to the different time stage and indicates the current total electric quantity. This instrument will direct the users to use electrical energy sensibly, ensure the economical run of electrical power systems and suit the requirements of the electrical power departments' automatic administration, which will be very important.
This paper introduces the measure principle and development procedure of the single-phase IC card electrical energy instrument made up of electronic elements for multi-level electrical prices. First of all, this paper elaborates the principle of induction-way electrical energy device and points out its present shortcomings, analyses the structures and features of several electrical energy instrument that consist of electronic elements and finally puts forward a novel realized scheme of electrical energy instrument made up of electronic elements for multi-level electrical prices, which is based on single-chip microcomputer and measuring electrical energy chip. Besides, it introduces the scheme of the power meter's attached device-the infrared remote controller. The plan and realization of combining the meter's multi-rate with IC card's expense is the innovative bright of this subject. The infrared remote controller provides a convenient tool for the power department's managers. The paper also minutely analyses the principle and advantages of the analog-to-digital converter based on∑A modulation. In the software, the designs of some subroutines are all unusual, such as the self-check on power operating, the calculation and management of electrical energy and changing peak normal valley display. The two former subroutines can display status of main IC and keep the surplus tiny energy after calculating. The third can realize the function that once the alarm time of the clock chip comes, peak normal valley display will be changed. At the same time, the chesis introduces some anti-interference measures taken in the hardware and software, such software measures as the techniques of order redundancy, software trap and "Watchdog". Finally, the author also presents the whole experiment's detail data and the result of error analysis.
Since the system adopts the elaborate design, this device has such features as simple operation, one meter with four functions, high accuracy-0.5 degree Of China'standard, low power loss and a strong ability of anti-interference, and will not lose the important data when the power is cut for a long time. It is proved by the simulated experiment that the measured results of this instrument meet the requirement of designed .target. The research has shown that the scheme combining multi-level electrical prices with IC card is novel and feasible.
本文介绍了电子式单相复费率IC卡电能表的测量原理及研制过程。首先阐述了感应式电度表的原理并指出所存在的问题,分析了几种电子式电能表的结构及特点,然后提出了一种新颖的以单片机,电能计量芯片为核心的电子式复费率IC卡电能表的实现方案,还提出了电能表的附带装置-红外线遥控器的设计方案。电能表复费率和IC卡预付费相结合方案的提出及实现是本课题的一个创新点。红外线遥控器将给电力部门管理人员提供一种方便的工具。本文还详细地分析了所用的基于∑△调制的A/D转换原理及优势。在软件方面,设计的上电自检子程序,电能计算处理子程序,峰平谷显示切换等子程序也有独到之处。前两者能显示主要集成电路的状态与保持计算剩余极小电量不丢失。第三者能实现一旦时钟芯片报警时间到,就改变峰平谷显示的功能。本文还介绍了在硬件和软件方面采取的抗干扰措施,其中软件措施包括指令冗余技术、软件陷阱技术、“看门狗”技术等。最后,作者还给出了整个实验的详细数据及误差分析结果。
由于本系统经过了精心的设计,使得该仪器具有操作简单、一表四用,准确度高(达到了国家规定的0.5级标准)、功耗低、抗干扰能力强的特点而且长时间掉电不丢失重要数据。经模拟实验证明,测试结果达到了设计指标的要求。研究表明,本仪器的复费率和IC卡相结合的方案是新颖的、切实可行的。
In the field of electrical instruments, the single-phase IC card electrical energy instrument made up of electronic elements for multi-level electrical prices is a new type of instrument to measure electrical energy. It can be used to display the electric quantity consumed by the users according to the different time stage and indicates the current total electric quantity. This instrument will direct the users to use electrical energy sensibly, ensure the economical run of electrical power systems and suit the requirements of the electrical power departments' automatic administration, which will be very important.
This paper introduces the measure principle and development procedure of the single-phase IC card electrical energy instrument made up of electronic elements for multi-level electrical prices. First of all, this paper elaborates the principle of induction-way electrical energy device and points out its present shortcomings, analyses the structures and features of several electrical energy instrument that consist of electronic elements and finally puts forward a novel realized scheme of electrical energy instrument made up of electronic elements for multi-level electrical prices, which is based on single-chip microcomputer and measuring electrical energy chip. Besides, it introduces the scheme of the power meter's attached device-the infrared remote controller. The plan and realization of combining the meter's multi-rate with IC card's expense is the innovative bright of this subject. The infrared remote controller provides a convenient tool for the power department's managers. The paper also minutely analyses the principle and advantages of the analog-to-digital converter based on∑A modulation. In the software, the designs of some subroutines are all unusual, such as the self-check on power operating, the calculation and management of electrical energy and changing peak normal valley display. The two former subroutines can display status of main IC and keep the surplus tiny energy after calculating. The third can realize the function that once the alarm time of the clock chip comes, peak normal valley display will be changed. At the same time, the chesis introduces some anti-interference measures taken in the hardware and software, such software measures as the techniques of order redundancy, software trap and "Watchdog". Finally, the author also presents the whole experiment's detail data and the result of error analysis.
Since the system adopts the elaborate design, this device has such features as simple operation, one meter with four functions, high accuracy-0.5 degree Of China'standard, low power loss and a strong ability of anti-interference, and will not lose the important data when the power is cut for a long time. It is proved by the simulated experiment that the measured results of this instrument meet the requirement of designed .target. The research has shown that the scheme combining multi-level electrical prices with IC card is novel and feasible.
引文
[1]赵伟,吕鸿莉,郭蕴蛟.电子式电能表及其在现代用电管理中的应用[M].北京:中国电力出版社,1999:1-5.
[2]Wilsun Xu,Yilu Liu.A Method for determining customer and utility harmonic contributions at the point of common coupling[J].IEEE Trans.Power Delivery,2000,15(2):804-810.
[3]Arseneau,R.Calibration system for power quality instrumentation[C],IEEE,Power Engineering Society Winter Meeting.Piscataway,USA:IEEE,2002:1437-1440.
[4]黄淼云,李也白,王福成等.智能卡应用系统[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2000:5-7.
[5]陆永宁.IC卡应用系统[M].南京:东南大学出版社,2000:10-12.
[6]吉雷,余波,余建华.PROTEL99从入门到精通[M].西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,2000:8-362.
[7]陶时澍.电气测量技术[M].北京:中国计量出版社,1991:4-6.
[8]常向阳,魏凯丰,陈晓东.常用智能仪器的原理与使用[M].北京:电子工业出版社,1993:1-3.
[9]蓝永林.交流电度表检定与调整术[M].北京:中国计量出版社,1986:1-8.
[10]杨咸华.常用电工测量技术[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2001:154-158.
[11]李华,孙晓民,李红青.MCS51-51系列单片机实用接口技术[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,1993:30-34。
[12][美]A.V.奥本海姆等著,刘树棠译.信号与系统[M].西安:西安交通大学出版社,1987:166-169.
[13]Kuncheva,A.S.Fujcik,L.et al.Design Of decimation filter for multibit sigmadelta modulator with two-step quantization[C],IEEE,Proceedings of International Conference on Mixed design of integrated circuits and system.Piscataway,USA:IEEE,2006:646-649
[14]孙传友,孙晓斌,李胜玉等.测控电路及装置[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2002:122-126.
[15]罗旭,张彦斌,胡国鹏等.电子式电能表专用芯片CS5460及其在电测仪表中的应用[J].电子技术应用,2001,(5):69-71.
[16]Single-Phase,Bi-Directional Power/Energy IC 5460A Product Data Sheet[EB/OL].http://www.cirrus.com/en/products/pro/detail/P142.html,2004-9/2006-10-08.
[17]王祖强,葛敏王照军.并行实时时钟芯片DSl2887及其应用[J].电测与仪表,2001,38(426):53-54.
[18]郑伟.X25045在智能仪表中的应用没计[J].工业控制计算机,2003,16(2):57-58.
[19]薛均义,张彦斌.MCS51/96系列单片微型计算机及应用[M]。西安:西安交通大学出版社,1997:80-94.
[20]Tsuru,K.Murata,K.Ohtani,Y.et al Design and evaluation of high security contact/contactless smart IC cards[C],IEEE,The 27th annual conference on industrial electronics society of IECON Piscataway,USA:IEEE,2001:76-79
[21]Liu Kai,Pan Liyang,Zhu Jun.A flash IC card with programmable security code[C],IEEE,The 4th International Conference on ASIC proceedings.Piscataway,USA:IEEE,2001:584-587
[22]张新贺.全电子式IC卡预付费电能表的设计与研究[D].鞍山:鞍山科技大学,2005:14-16.
[23]张立松,刘红雁.SLE4442逻辑加密IC卡在52单片机中的应用[J].信息技术,2004,28(8):17-19.
[24]刘峰.多功能电量在线检测仪的研制[D].西安:西安交通大学,1999:8-10.
[25]候崇升.利用DSl2887时钟芯片实现实时定时电路[J].国外电子测量技术,2002,(1):18-20.
[26]鹿玲,李游.SLE4442在51系列单片机中的一种应用方法[J].鞍山钢铁学院学报,2001,24(6):36-39.
[27]李峰.IC卡技术在预付费电能表中的应用[J].电力建设,2006,27(4):47-50
[28]潘新民,王燕芳.单片微型计算机实用系统设计[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,1992:462-470.
[29]王幸之,王雷,翟成等.单片机应用系统抗干扰技术[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2003,162-175.
[30]电子式电能表,JJG 596-1999,《中华人民共和国国家计量检测规程,1999-10-21发布》,1999.
[2]Wilsun Xu,Yilu Liu.A Method for determining customer and utility harmonic contributions at the point of common coupling[J].IEEE Trans.Power Delivery,2000,15(2):804-810.
[3]Arseneau,R.Calibration system for power quality instrumentation[C],IEEE,Power Engineering Society Winter Meeting.Piscataway,USA:IEEE,2002:1437-1440.
[4]黄淼云,李也白,王福成等.智能卡应用系统[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2000:5-7.
[5]陆永宁.IC卡应用系统[M].南京:东南大学出版社,2000:10-12.
[6]吉雷,余波,余建华.PROTEL99从入门到精通[M].西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,2000:8-362.
[7]陶时澍.电气测量技术[M].北京:中国计量出版社,1991:4-6.
[8]常向阳,魏凯丰,陈晓东.常用智能仪器的原理与使用[M].北京:电子工业出版社,1993:1-3.
[9]蓝永林.交流电度表检定与调整术[M].北京:中国计量出版社,1986:1-8.
[10]杨咸华.常用电工测量技术[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2001:154-158.
[11]李华,孙晓民,李红青.MCS51-51系列单片机实用接口技术[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,1993:30-34。
[12][美]A.V.奥本海姆等著,刘树棠译.信号与系统[M].西安:西安交通大学出版社,1987:166-169.
[13]Kuncheva,A.S.Fujcik,L.et al.Design Of decimation filter for multibit sigmadelta modulator with two-step quantization[C],IEEE,Proceedings of International Conference on Mixed design of integrated circuits and system.Piscataway,USA:IEEE,2006:646-649
[14]孙传友,孙晓斌,李胜玉等.测控电路及装置[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2002:122-126.
[15]罗旭,张彦斌,胡国鹏等.电子式电能表专用芯片CS5460及其在电测仪表中的应用[J].电子技术应用,2001,(5):69-71.
[16]Single-Phase,Bi-Directional Power/Energy IC 5460A Product Data Sheet[EB/OL].http://www.cirrus.com/en/products/pro/detail/P142.html,2004-9/2006-10-08.
[17]王祖强,葛敏王照军.并行实时时钟芯片DSl2887及其应用[J].电测与仪表,2001,38(426):53-54.
[18]郑伟.X25045在智能仪表中的应用没计[J].工业控制计算机,2003,16(2):57-58.
[19]薛均义,张彦斌.MCS51/96系列单片微型计算机及应用[M]。西安:西安交通大学出版社,1997:80-94.
[20]Tsuru,K.Murata,K.Ohtani,Y.et al Design and evaluation of high security contact/contactless smart IC cards[C],IEEE,The 27th annual conference on industrial electronics society of IECON Piscataway,USA:IEEE,2001:76-79
[21]Liu Kai,Pan Liyang,Zhu Jun.A flash IC card with programmable security code[C],IEEE,The 4th International Conference on ASIC proceedings.Piscataway,USA:IEEE,2001:584-587
[22]张新贺.全电子式IC卡预付费电能表的设计与研究[D].鞍山:鞍山科技大学,2005:14-16.
[23]张立松,刘红雁.SLE4442逻辑加密IC卡在52单片机中的应用[J].信息技术,2004,28(8):17-19.
[24]刘峰.多功能电量在线检测仪的研制[D].西安:西安交通大学,1999:8-10.
[25]候崇升.利用DSl2887时钟芯片实现实时定时电路[J].国外电子测量技术,2002,(1):18-20.
[26]鹿玲,李游.SLE4442在51系列单片机中的一种应用方法[J].鞍山钢铁学院学报,2001,24(6):36-39.
[27]李峰.IC卡技术在预付费电能表中的应用[J].电力建设,2006,27(4):47-50
[28]潘新民,王燕芳.单片微型计算机实用系统设计[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,1992:462-470.
[29]王幸之,王雷,翟成等.单片机应用系统抗干扰技术[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2003,162-175.
[30]电子式电能表,JJG 596-1999,《中华人民共和国国家计量检测规程,1999-10-21发布》,1999.