基于P2P的网络拓扑发现算法研究
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摘要
随着Internet、无线网络和移动IP网的迅速发展和广泛应用，网络拓扑的变化相应增加。有效地发现网络的拓扑，对网络管理和网络研究有着重要的意义。国内外对此进行了大量的研究，集中式的网络拓扑发现算法研究业已比较成熟。但集中式算法存在其固有缺陷，所以研究的重点集中于分布式网络拓扑发现研究方面。对等(Peer-to-Peer)计算是一种应用广泛的分布式计算模式，本文针对Peer-to-Peer计算在分布式网络拓扑发现算法应用进行了研究。
本文首先分别从横向和纵向分析了计算机网络结构，并说明了用搜索算法发现网络拓扑的内在机理。概要论述了可用于网络拓扑发现的各种协议与算法。文章重点分析了ICMP协议和SNMP协议，描述了ICMP的工作原理和数据报格式，及基于ICMP的两个工具Ping和TraceRoute；本文同时详细分析了SNMP协议和管理信息库(MIB)。
其次本文探讨了P2P的基本概念与特性，研究了P2P计算的中间件JXTA。在此基础上，提出了一种基于P2P技术的分布式网络拓扑发现算法，利用JXTA作为构建P2P网络的协议，使用SNMP 4J协议栈，用Java语言编程实现了网络拓扑发现程序原型，并对相关数据进行了测试。
最后以SSFNet为基础对算法进行了仿真验证。
仿真与实验结果表明，使用Peer-to-Peer计算可以有效地提高网络拓扑发现算法的效率，降低拓扑发现中通信负荷。
在网络拓扑发现中使用Peer-to-Peer技术，是一种尝试，本文取得了一些研究结果，但如对IPv6和移动IP的处理、虚拟局域网(VLAN)的拓扑关系确定等问题需要进行深入的研究，以进一步完善网络拓扑发现算法，增强系统的实用性。
As the Internet has been expanding rapidly, and with the wireless network and mobile IP applications become wider, network topology changes increasing. It is very important to effectively found that the network topology for network management and network research. Great deals of research have been done. Now, centralized network topology discovery algorithm has been more mature. But centralized algorithm has its inherent defects, so people focus on research of distributed network topology discovery. Peer-to-peer computing is an increasingly applications in distributed computing model; the paper is on peer-to-peer technology in distributed network topology discovery algorithm application. In this paper, we present an algorithms based on P2P for discovering IP networks topology.
First, the horizontal and vertical network structure is analysed, and the inherent mechanism is described why the probe algorithms can be used to search network topology. Then the various protocol and algorithms is described for network topology discovery.
Secondly, we describe the P2P basic concepts and characteristics. Then we propose a novel, practical algorithm based on P2P for discovering the topology of large networks. Based on the JXTA distributed architecture, we develop a distributed topology discovery scheme for IP networks. Each peer can be configured to discover the topology of a portion of the network. The topology of the entire network can be obtained by collecting the partial topologies from the peer and merging these partial topologies to obtain the desired topology. The distributed topology discovery algorithm implemented using the Java technique.
Finally, it is modeled and simulated that distributed algorithm of network topology discovery baseed SSFNet platform.
Simulation and Experimental results show that the use of peer-to-peer computing can effectively improve network topology discovery algorithm and reduce the communication overload.
It is an attempt that network topology discovery in the use of Peer-to-Peer technology. Some research results have been found. But in order to improve the network topology discovery algorithm and to enhance the system's utility, network topological relations issues such as determining the topology in IPv6, mobile IP processing and virtual local area network need to be further researched.
本文首先分别从横向和纵向分析了计算机网络结构，并说明了用搜索算法发现网络拓扑的内在机理。概要论述了可用于网络拓扑发现的各种协议与算法。文章重点分析了ICMP协议和SNMP协议，描述了ICMP的工作原理和数据报格式，及基于ICMP的两个工具Ping和TraceRoute；本文同时详细分析了SNMP协议和管理信息库(MIB)。
其次本文探讨了P2P的基本概念与特性，研究了P2P计算的中间件JXTA。在此基础上，提出了一种基于P2P技术的分布式网络拓扑发现算法，利用JXTA作为构建P2P网络的协议，使用SNMP 4J协议栈，用Java语言编程实现了网络拓扑发现程序原型，并对相关数据进行了测试。
最后以SSFNet为基础对算法进行了仿真验证。
仿真与实验结果表明，使用Peer-to-Peer计算可以有效地提高网络拓扑发现算法的效率，降低拓扑发现中通信负荷。
在网络拓扑发现中使用Peer-to-Peer技术，是一种尝试，本文取得了一些研究结果，但如对IPv6和移动IP的处理、虚拟局域网(VLAN)的拓扑关系确定等问题需要进行深入的研究，以进一步完善网络拓扑发现算法，增强系统的实用性。
As the Internet has been expanding rapidly, and with the wireless network and mobile IP applications become wider, network topology changes increasing. It is very important to effectively found that the network topology for network management and network research. Great deals of research have been done. Now, centralized network topology discovery algorithm has been more mature. But centralized algorithm has its inherent defects, so people focus on research of distributed network topology discovery. Peer-to-peer computing is an increasingly applications in distributed computing model; the paper is on peer-to-peer technology in distributed network topology discovery algorithm application. In this paper, we present an algorithms based on P2P for discovering IP networks topology.
First, the horizontal and vertical network structure is analysed, and the inherent mechanism is described why the probe algorithms can be used to search network topology. Then the various protocol and algorithms is described for network topology discovery.
Secondly, we describe the P2P basic concepts and characteristics. Then we propose a novel, practical algorithm based on P2P for discovering the topology of large networks. Based on the JXTA distributed architecture, we develop a distributed topology discovery scheme for IP networks. Each peer can be configured to discover the topology of a portion of the network. The topology of the entire network can be obtained by collecting the partial topologies from the peer and merging these partial topologies to obtain the desired topology. The distributed topology discovery algorithm implemented using the Java technique.
Finally, it is modeled and simulated that distributed algorithm of network topology discovery baseed SSFNet platform.
Simulation and Experimental results show that the use of peer-to-peer computing can effectively improve network topology discovery algorithm and reduce the communication overload.
It is an attempt that network topology discovery in the use of Peer-to-Peer technology. Some research results have been found. But in order to improve the network topology discovery algorithm and to enhance the system's utility, network topological relations issues such as determining the topology in IPv6, mobile IP processing and virtual local area network need to be further researched.
引文
[1] Faloustsos M, Faloutsos P, Faloutsos C. On power-law relationships of the Internet topology. ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review, 1999,29(4):251-262.
[2] Bradley H, Daniel P, David Moore. Topology discovery by active probing. Proceedings of the 2002 Symposium on Applications and the Internet(SAINT'02w),2002:1-7.
[3] Yuval S, Eran S. DIMES: Let the Internet measure itself. ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review, 2005,35(5):71-74.
[4] Yuri B, Minos G. Topology discovery in heterogeneous IP networks: The netinventory system. IEEE/ACM TRANSACTIONS ON NETWORKING, 2004, 12(3):401-414.
[5] 管海兵，白英彩．计算机网络管理系统设计与应用．上海：上海交通大学出版社，2004．
[6] JIANG Y, FANG B.A Distributed architecture for Internet router level topology discovering systems. IEEE, 2003:47-51
[7] 张国强，张国清，范晶．中国大陆AS级拓扑的测量与分析．通信学报，2007，28(10)：92-102．
[8] 李玉钊．网络拓扑发现技术的研究与实践：(硕士学位论文)．西安：西安电子科技大学，2004．
[9] Benoit D, Philippe R, Timur F. Deployment of an algorithm for Large-Scale topology discovery. IEEE JOURNAL ON SELECTED AREAS IN COMMUNICATIONS, 2006,24(12):2210-2219
[10] William StalIings. SNMP, SNMPv2 and PMON. New York:Addison-Wesley Pub, 1996.
[11] Myung-Hee S, Bheom-Soon J, Byung-Chul K.Physical topology discovery for metro thernet networks. ETRI Journal, 2005,27(4):355-366.
[12] Yigal B, Yuri B, Physical topology discovery for large multi-subnet networks. IEEE INFOCOM, 2003:342-352.
[13] Faward N, Moshsan J. An Efficient Approach towards IP Network Topology Discovery for Large Multi-subnet Networks. Proceedings of the 11th IEEE Symposium on Computers and Communications, Sydney, 2006.
[14] Kaihua X, Jiwei C. An Algorithm of Topology Discovery in Large Multi-Subnet Physical Network. Proceedings of the First International Multi-Symposiums on Computer and Computational Sciences, Hang Zhou, 2006.
[15] Bruce L, David R, Thomas R. Topology discovery for large Ethernet networks. SIGCOMM'01, San Diego, 2001:237-248.
[16] Yuzhao L, Changxing P, Changhua Z. An algorithm for discovering physical topology in single subnet IP networks. Proceedings of the 19th International Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications, Cambridge, 2005.
[17] Siamwalla R, Sharma R, Keshav S. Discovering internet topology. IEEE INFOCOM'99:1-16.
[18] Behrouz A, Sophia C. TCP/IP protocol suite(Third edition).New York:McGraw-Hill Pub, 2006.
[19] 万杰．基于移动Agent的IP网络拓扑发现．微计算机信息，2005，21(9)：37-39．
[20] Steinmetz R, Wehrle K. Peer-to-Peer systems and applications. Springer, 2005.
[21] Lynch N A著．分布式算法．舒继武，李国东译．北京：机械工业出版社，2004．
[22] 汪小帆，李翔编著．复杂网络理论及其应用．北京：清华大学出版社，2006．
[23] 黄晓波．网络拓扑发现的算法研究与实现(硕士学位论文)．杭州：浙江大学，2006．
[24] Jaiswal S, Rosenberg A, Towsley D. Comparing the structure of power-law graphs and the Internet AS graph. IEEE ICNP, 2004:294-303.
[25] 徐恪，吴建平，徐明伟．高等计算机网络—体系结构、协议机制、算法设计与路由器技术．北京：机械工业出版社，2003．
[26] 郑洪方，韩传冰．网络管理中基于移动Agent的通信模型及性能分析．计算机科学，2005，32(3)：50-53．
[27] 王汝传，徐小龙．智能Agent及其在信息网络中的应用．北京：北京邮电大学出版社，2005．
[28] Liu M L著．分布式计算原理与应用．顾铁成，王亚丽译．北京：清华大学出版社，2004．
[29] Daniel B, Darren G. JXTA Java P2P programming. New York:Sams Publishing, 2002.
[30] Robert Flenner, Michael Abbott. Java P2P unleashed. New York:Sams Publishing, 2002.
[31] 邓军．基于SNMP的网络拓扑发现研究与网管代理系统的实现：(硕士学位论文)．成都：电子科技大学，2005．
[32] Banks J. Discrete-event system simulation. Beijing: China Machine Press, 2005.
[33] 李玉鹏．基于分层模型的网络拓扑发现研究及实现：(硕士学位论文)．西安：西安交通大学，2004．
[34] Tremblay J，Cheston G A．著．面向对象数据结构与软件开发(Java版)．李晔，林波译．北京：清华大学出版社，2005．
[2] Bradley H, Daniel P, David Moore. Topology discovery by active probing. Proceedings of the 2002 Symposium on Applications and the Internet(SAINT'02w),2002:1-7.
[3] Yuval S, Eran S. DIMES: Let the Internet measure itself. ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review, 2005,35(5):71-74.
[4] Yuri B, Minos G. Topology discovery in heterogeneous IP networks: The netinventory system. IEEE/ACM TRANSACTIONS ON NETWORKING, 2004, 12(3):401-414.
[5] 管海兵，白英彩．计算机网络管理系统设计与应用．上海：上海交通大学出版社，2004．
[6] JIANG Y, FANG B.A Distributed architecture for Internet router level topology discovering systems. IEEE, 2003:47-51
[7] 张国强，张国清，范晶．中国大陆AS级拓扑的测量与分析．通信学报，2007，28(10)：92-102．
[8] 李玉钊．网络拓扑发现技术的研究与实践：(硕士学位论文)．西安：西安电子科技大学，2004．
[9] Benoit D, Philippe R, Timur F. Deployment of an algorithm for Large-Scale topology discovery. IEEE JOURNAL ON SELECTED AREAS IN COMMUNICATIONS, 2006,24(12):2210-2219
[10] William StalIings. SNMP, SNMPv2 and PMON. New York:Addison-Wesley Pub, 1996.
[11] Myung-Hee S, Bheom-Soon J, Byung-Chul K.Physical topology discovery for metro thernet networks. ETRI Journal, 2005,27(4):355-366.
[12] Yigal B, Yuri B, Physical topology discovery for large multi-subnet networks. IEEE INFOCOM, 2003:342-352.
[13] Faward N, Moshsan J. An Efficient Approach towards IP Network Topology Discovery for Large Multi-subnet Networks. Proceedings of the 11th IEEE Symposium on Computers and Communications, Sydney, 2006.
[14] Kaihua X, Jiwei C. An Algorithm of Topology Discovery in Large Multi-Subnet Physical Network. Proceedings of the First International Multi-Symposiums on Computer and Computational Sciences, Hang Zhou, 2006.
[15] Bruce L, David R, Thomas R. Topology discovery for large Ethernet networks. SIGCOMM'01, San Diego, 2001:237-248.
[16] Yuzhao L, Changxing P, Changhua Z. An algorithm for discovering physical topology in single subnet IP networks. Proceedings of the 19th International Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications, Cambridge, 2005.
[17] Siamwalla R, Sharma R, Keshav S. Discovering internet topology. IEEE INFOCOM'99:1-16.
[18] Behrouz A, Sophia C. TCP/IP protocol suite(Third edition).New York:McGraw-Hill Pub, 2006.
[19] 万杰．基于移动Agent的IP网络拓扑发现．微计算机信息，2005，21(9)：37-39．
[20] Steinmetz R, Wehrle K. Peer-to-Peer systems and applications. Springer, 2005.
[21] Lynch N A著．分布式算法．舒继武，李国东译．北京：机械工业出版社，2004．
[22] 汪小帆，李翔编著．复杂网络理论及其应用．北京：清华大学出版社，2006．
[23] 黄晓波．网络拓扑发现的算法研究与实现(硕士学位论文)．杭州：浙江大学，2006．
[24] Jaiswal S, Rosenberg A, Towsley D. Comparing the structure of power-law graphs and the Internet AS graph. IEEE ICNP, 2004:294-303.
[25] 徐恪，吴建平，徐明伟．高等计算机网络—体系结构、协议机制、算法设计与路由器技术．北京：机械工业出版社，2003．
[26] 郑洪方，韩传冰．网络管理中基于移动Agent的通信模型及性能分析．计算机科学，2005，32(3)：50-53．
[27] 王汝传，徐小龙．智能Agent及其在信息网络中的应用．北京：北京邮电大学出版社，2005．
[28] Liu M L著．分布式计算原理与应用．顾铁成，王亚丽译．北京：清华大学出版社，2004．
[29] Daniel B, Darren G. JXTA Java P2P programming. New York:Sams Publishing, 2002.
[30] Robert Flenner, Michael Abbott. Java P2P unleashed. New York:Sams Publishing, 2002.
[31] 邓军．基于SNMP的网络拓扑发现研究与网管代理系统的实现：(硕士学位论文)．成都：电子科技大学，2005．
[32] Banks J. Discrete-event system simulation. Beijing: China Machine Press, 2005.
[33] 李玉鹏．基于分层模型的网络拓扑发现研究及实现：(硕士学位论文)．西安：西安交通大学，2004．
[34] Tremblay J，Cheston G A．著．面向对象数据结构与软件开发(Java版)．李晔，林波译．北京：清华大学出版社，2005．