石英砂色选技术及设备的研究
摘要
石英砂作为硅原料的核心原料在硅原料的生产中起着不可替代的作用,高纯度的石英砂和低纯度的石英砂价值差别非常大,石英砂通过磁选和浮选后,还有少量的杂质,目前还没有一种有效的方法剔除。课题提出了利用光电色选技术剔除与石英砂颜色不同杂质的方法。
本课题对石英砂色选系统进行研究,设计了石英砂色选机的光电检测系统和伺服控制系统。石英砂色选机的工作原理是是通过CCD传感器对传送带上的物料进行动态扫描,由图像数字转换器对CCD输出信号进行信号调理、A/D转换,FPGA对转换后的图像数据进行高速处理,并控制伺服系统和执行器完成杂质的剔除。
检测系统的硬件设计包括FPGA核心电路的设计;线阵CCD驱动电路的设计;图像数字转换器的接口电路设计;通信电路的设计等。伺服系统的硬件设计包括伺服电机和执行器的驱动;伺服系统和检测系统的通信;伺服系统的保护等。按照设计要求,制作了印制电路板。
检测系统的软件部分包括CCD驱动时序的设计;相关双采样时序的设计;通信协议的定制;图像数据的采集和处理;对检测信号进行可调延迟时间的设计;伺服控制系统的驱动设计;CCD图像数据的存储与显示。伺服系统的软件部分包括伺服电机的保护程序;和检测系统的通信程序等。
程序采用Verilog语言编写,采用自顶向下的模块化设计方法。利用ISE10.1、Synplifv Pro8.1和Modelsim6.1软件平台对程序进行设计、综合和仿真。通过ChipScope对FPGA进行在线调试验证。经过实物调试,检测系统能够完成图像数据的采集和处理,发出伺服控制信号和执行器驱动信号准确驱动伺服系统和执行器实现石英砂的色选。
Quartzite particles are the core of the silicon raw materials, which play an irreplaceable role in the production and supply of the silicon, and high purity quartzite have higher value than low purity quartzite. There are still some few impurities in quartzite screened by magnetic process and floatation method. At present, nobody introduces a good method that removes those impurities. The thesis presents a method which removes impurities in different colors from preliminarily screened quartzite by using photoelectric technology.
The thesis mainly studies the quartzite color detection system; design a photoelectric detection system and a servo system. The operating principle of detection system is scanning the falling grainy materials in high speed by CCD sensor. The CCD output signal through the image digitizer which includes the image signal conditioning, A/D converter is high-rate processed by FPGA. Then the detection system sends out removed signals to servo-control system.
The hardware design of detection system includes the core circuit of FPGA; drive circuit of CCD; the interface circuit of digitizer; communication circuit. The hardware design of servo system includes drive circuit of servo system; communication circuit of servo system; protect circuit of servo system. Printed circuit board is designed following request.
The software designation of detection system includes the driving time sequence designation of CCD; related double sampling time sequence design; constituting communication protocols; collection and treatment of image data; designing adjustable delay time of detection system; driving designation of servo-control system; and storing and displaying image data of CCD. The software designation of servo system includes programming of protecting servo-actuator signal programming of detection system and so on.
Using Verilog language to program and taking top-down method. Using the platform of ISE8.2, Synplify Pro8.1, Modelsim6.1 software has completed the simulation, synthesis, and emulation of every program. Debugging and proving FPGA on line through ChipScope. After debugging, the detection system can complete collection and treatment of image data, and outgo servo-control and performer's driving signal to drive exactly servo-control system and performer to screen quartzite.
本课题对石英砂色选系统进行研究,设计了石英砂色选机的光电检测系统和伺服控制系统。石英砂色选机的工作原理是是通过CCD传感器对传送带上的物料进行动态扫描,由图像数字转换器对CCD输出信号进行信号调理、A/D转换,FPGA对转换后的图像数据进行高速处理,并控制伺服系统和执行器完成杂质的剔除。
检测系统的硬件设计包括FPGA核心电路的设计;线阵CCD驱动电路的设计;图像数字转换器的接口电路设计;通信电路的设计等。伺服系统的硬件设计包括伺服电机和执行器的驱动;伺服系统和检测系统的通信;伺服系统的保护等。按照设计要求,制作了印制电路板。
检测系统的软件部分包括CCD驱动时序的设计;相关双采样时序的设计;通信协议的定制;图像数据的采集和处理;对检测信号进行可调延迟时间的设计;伺服控制系统的驱动设计;CCD图像数据的存储与显示。伺服系统的软件部分包括伺服电机的保护程序;和检测系统的通信程序等。
程序采用Verilog语言编写,采用自顶向下的模块化设计方法。利用ISE10.1、Synplifv Pro8.1和Modelsim6.1软件平台对程序进行设计、综合和仿真。通过ChipScope对FPGA进行在线调试验证。经过实物调试,检测系统能够完成图像数据的采集和处理,发出伺服控制信号和执行器驱动信号准确驱动伺服系统和执行器实现石英砂的色选。
Quartzite particles are the core of the silicon raw materials, which play an irreplaceable role in the production and supply of the silicon, and high purity quartzite have higher value than low purity quartzite. There are still some few impurities in quartzite screened by magnetic process and floatation method. At present, nobody introduces a good method that removes those impurities. The thesis presents a method which removes impurities in different colors from preliminarily screened quartzite by using photoelectric technology.
The thesis mainly studies the quartzite color detection system; design a photoelectric detection system and a servo system. The operating principle of detection system is scanning the falling grainy materials in high speed by CCD sensor. The CCD output signal through the image digitizer which includes the image signal conditioning, A/D converter is high-rate processed by FPGA. Then the detection system sends out removed signals to servo-control system.
The hardware design of detection system includes the core circuit of FPGA; drive circuit of CCD; the interface circuit of digitizer; communication circuit. The hardware design of servo system includes drive circuit of servo system; communication circuit of servo system; protect circuit of servo system. Printed circuit board is designed following request.
The software designation of detection system includes the driving time sequence designation of CCD; related double sampling time sequence design; constituting communication protocols; collection and treatment of image data; designing adjustable delay time of detection system; driving designation of servo-control system; and storing and displaying image data of CCD. The software designation of servo system includes programming of protecting servo-actuator signal programming of detection system and so on.
Using Verilog language to program and taking top-down method. Using the platform of ISE8.2, Synplify Pro8.1, Modelsim6.1 software has completed the simulation, synthesis, and emulation of every program. Debugging and proving FPGA on line through ChipScope. After debugging, the detection system can complete collection and treatment of image data, and outgo servo-control and performer's driving signal to drive exactly servo-control system and performer to screen quartzite.
引文
[1]Pasikatan M C,Dowell F E.Sorting systems based on optical methods for detecting and removing seeds infested internally by insects or fungi.Applied Spectroscopy Reviews,2001,36(4):399-416.
[2]陈善峰,王俊.农产品分级技术及品质检测设备的现状与发展趋势.粮油加工与食品机械,2000,(4):8-10.
[3]Miller B Z,Delwiche M J.A color vision system for peach grading.Transactions of the ASAE,1989,32(4):1484-1490.
[4]范平.浅析色选技术在中国的发展过程.粮食科技与经济,2005,(4):46-47.
[5]孟楚年,赵建柱,张承凯等.大米色选机.粮食与饲料工业,1997,(3):15-18.
[6]Liao K,Paulsen M R,Reid J F.Real-time Detection of color and surface defects of maize kernels using machine vision.Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research,1994,59(1):263-271.
[7]王诚,薛小刚,钟信潮.FPGA/CPLD设计工具—Xilinx ISE 5.X使用详解.北京:人民邮电出版社,2003.
[8]黄智伟.FPGA系统设计与实践.北京:电子工业出版社,2005.
[9]徐欣,于红旗,易凡.基于FPGA的嵌入式系统设计.北京:机械工业出版社,2005.
[10]王灵芝,林培杰,黄春晖.FPGA的配置及其接口电路的设计.电子测量与仪器学报,2007,21(4):109-112.
[11]王庆有.CCD应用技术.天津:天津大学出版社,2000.
[12]蔡文贵,李永远,许振华.CCD技术及应用.北京:电子工业出版社,1992.
[13]Wang Qingyou.Study on vibration measurement with the use of CCD.SPIE,1999,3558:339-341.
[14]佟首峰,阮锦,郝志航.CC9图像传感器降噪技术的研究.光学精密工程,2000,4(2):140-145.
[15]李明伟,黄鸽,刘静茹.一种高速线阵CCD图像数据采集系统.仪器与仪表学报,2005,26(5):716-720.
[16]李艺琳,冯勇,安澄全.用相关双采样技术提高CCD输出信号的信噪比.电测与仪器,1999,(5):31-32.
[17]宗献波.光电分选机数据采集系统的研究:(硕士学位论文).大连:大连理工大学,2006.
[18]Ciletti,Michael D.Advanced digital design with the Verilog HDL.Beijing:Publishing House of Electronics Industry,2004.
[19]夏宇闻.Verilog数字系统设计教程.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2003.
[20]孙航.Xilinx可编程逻辑器件的高级应用与设计技巧.北京:电子工业出版社,2004.
[21]万文,王学良,汪骏发.基于XRD98L61的线阵CCD图像采集系统的设计.电子技术,2002,(6):378-382.
[22]Sugata G,Rajiv M.Detection of composite edges.IEEE Transaction on Image Processing,1994,(1):14-25.
[23]张文革,段晨东.线阵CCD检测技术中二值化方法的研究.现代电子技术,2003,160(17):92-97.
[24]Peter M,Adhami R.Approaches to image binarization in current automated fingerprint identification systems.The 37th Southeastern Symposium on System Theory,Tuskegee,2005:276-281.
[25]Hasenplaugh W C,Neifeld M A.Image binarization techniques for correlation-based pattern recognition.Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers,1999,38(11):1907-1917.
[26]Appiah K,Andrew H.A single-chip FPGA implomentation of real-time adaptive background model.IEEE International Conference on Field Programmable Technology,Singapore,2005:95-102.
[27]陈维龙,王辉.高速电磁阀的驱动方法探讨.中国机电工业,2001,(22):56-57.
[28]连长震,李建秋,周明等.电控燃油喷射用高速电磁阀驱动方式研究.汽车工程,2002,24(4):310-313.
[29]Deng D,Chen S,Joos G.FPGA implementation of PWM pattern generators.Canadian Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering,Toronto,2001:1279-1284.
[30]Fratta A,Griffero G,Guglielmi P.Application of new FPGA-based top-performance digital control techniques to PWM power converters.IECON 2004-30th Annual Conference of IEEE Industrial Electronics Society,Busan,2004:810-815.
[31]任晓东,文博.CPLD/FPGA高级应用开发指南.北京:电子工业出版社,2003.
[32]宋帷城,王林.复杂FPGA的新型调试工具—软件逻辑分析仪.计算机应用与软件,2005,22(4):93-95.
[33]吴健,赵飞,朱骏.复通信系统中FPGA设计的仿真与验证.通信与广播电视,2005,(1):14-19.
[34]万翔.ChipScope Pro在FPGA调试中的应用.计算机与网络,2005,(21):58-59.
[2]陈善峰,王俊.农产品分级技术及品质检测设备的现状与发展趋势.粮油加工与食品机械,2000,(4):8-10.
[3]Miller B Z,Delwiche M J.A color vision system for peach grading.Transactions of the ASAE,1989,32(4):1484-1490.
[4]范平.浅析色选技术在中国的发展过程.粮食科技与经济,2005,(4):46-47.
[5]孟楚年,赵建柱,张承凯等.大米色选机.粮食与饲料工业,1997,(3):15-18.
[6]Liao K,Paulsen M R,Reid J F.Real-time Detection of color and surface defects of maize kernels using machine vision.Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research,1994,59(1):263-271.
[7]王诚,薛小刚,钟信潮.FPGA/CPLD设计工具—Xilinx ISE 5.X使用详解.北京:人民邮电出版社,2003.
[8]黄智伟.FPGA系统设计与实践.北京:电子工业出版社,2005.
[9]徐欣,于红旗,易凡.基于FPGA的嵌入式系统设计.北京:机械工业出版社,2005.
[10]王灵芝,林培杰,黄春晖.FPGA的配置及其接口电路的设计.电子测量与仪器学报,2007,21(4):109-112.
[11]王庆有.CCD应用技术.天津:天津大学出版社,2000.
[12]蔡文贵,李永远,许振华.CCD技术及应用.北京:电子工业出版社,1992.
[13]Wang Qingyou.Study on vibration measurement with the use of CCD.SPIE,1999,3558:339-341.
[14]佟首峰,阮锦,郝志航.CC9图像传感器降噪技术的研究.光学精密工程,2000,4(2):140-145.
[15]李明伟,黄鸽,刘静茹.一种高速线阵CCD图像数据采集系统.仪器与仪表学报,2005,26(5):716-720.
[16]李艺琳,冯勇,安澄全.用相关双采样技术提高CCD输出信号的信噪比.电测与仪器,1999,(5):31-32.
[17]宗献波.光电分选机数据采集系统的研究:(硕士学位论文).大连:大连理工大学,2006.
[18]Ciletti,Michael D.Advanced digital design with the Verilog HDL.Beijing:Publishing House of Electronics Industry,2004.
[19]夏宇闻.Verilog数字系统设计教程.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2003.
[20]孙航.Xilinx可编程逻辑器件的高级应用与设计技巧.北京:电子工业出版社,2004.
[21]万文,王学良,汪骏发.基于XRD98L61的线阵CCD图像采集系统的设计.电子技术,2002,(6):378-382.
[22]Sugata G,Rajiv M.Detection of composite edges.IEEE Transaction on Image Processing,1994,(1):14-25.
[23]张文革,段晨东.线阵CCD检测技术中二值化方法的研究.现代电子技术,2003,160(17):92-97.
[24]Peter M,Adhami R.Approaches to image binarization in current automated fingerprint identification systems.The 37th Southeastern Symposium on System Theory,Tuskegee,2005:276-281.
[25]Hasenplaugh W C,Neifeld M A.Image binarization techniques for correlation-based pattern recognition.Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers,1999,38(11):1907-1917.
[26]Appiah K,Andrew H.A single-chip FPGA implomentation of real-time adaptive background model.IEEE International Conference on Field Programmable Technology,Singapore,2005:95-102.
[27]陈维龙,王辉.高速电磁阀的驱动方法探讨.中国机电工业,2001,(22):56-57.
[28]连长震,李建秋,周明等.电控燃油喷射用高速电磁阀驱动方式研究.汽车工程,2002,24(4):310-313.
[29]Deng D,Chen S,Joos G.FPGA implementation of PWM pattern generators.Canadian Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering,Toronto,2001:1279-1284.
[30]Fratta A,Griffero G,Guglielmi P.Application of new FPGA-based top-performance digital control techniques to PWM power converters.IECON 2004-30th Annual Conference of IEEE Industrial Electronics Society,Busan,2004:810-815.
[31]任晓东,文博.CPLD/FPGA高级应用开发指南.北京:电子工业出版社,2003.
[32]宋帷城,王林.复杂FPGA的新型调试工具—软件逻辑分析仪.计算机应用与软件,2005,22(4):93-95.
[33]吴健,赵飞,朱骏.复通信系统中FPGA设计的仿真与验证.通信与广播电视,2005,(1):14-19.
[34]万翔.ChipScope Pro在FPGA调试中的应用.计算机与网络,2005,(21):58-59.