基于货车大型化的驼峰设计与作业控制理论研究
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摘要
进入新世纪以来,随着我国市场经济的蓬勃发展,货物运输需求呈现出多元化。受其影响,我国铁路货物运输逐渐向重载化、直达化、集中化等方向发展,与之相适应,铁路货车也向大型化、专门化方向发展,通用货车轴重由原来18t为主发展到21t为主,并逐渐向23t和25t轴重过渡,未来还有进一步增大的趋势。
在铁路货物运输组织变化与货车轴重提高的背景下,我国铁路编组站驼峰逐渐表现出不适应性。由于峰高偏高,不得不降低推峰速度,导致作业效率降低、作业安全性差及能耗高等问题；驼峰调速控制不能够适应23t轴重货车应用条件下的溜放需求,造成轻载货车在不利溜放条件下溜放不到位,以及重载货车超速连挂问题。
为此,本文在总结国内外相关研究成果的基础上,对目前23t轴重货车与既有货车混合应用条件下的驼峰调速控制以及基于货车大型化的我国铁路编组站节能型驼峰设计等问题进行了系统研究：
(1)论文在论述我国铁路货物运输、货车技术发展趋势的基础上,分析了我国编组站驼峰的发展现状,目前存在的问题,以及未来的发展趋势。
(2)论文对驼峰设计的复杂约束条件下的静态优化和动态适应特点,以及驼峰作业控制问题的复杂、动态、模糊控制的特点进行了深入阐述,系统地分析了驼峰设计与作业控制中的设计理念、车辆、车组、作业控制系统、平纵断面、气候条件及误差等影响因素,全面研究了这些因素的相互关系。
(3)论文在深入分析既有驼峰出口速度控制模型的基础上,研究了既有驼峰高度下,驼峰车组溜放的调速控制问题。分别建立了既有驼峰高度下,基于货车大型化的间隔制动出口动态速度控制模型和基于模糊神经网络的目的制动出口速度控制模型。解决了目前我国铁路编组站存在轻载货车在不利溜放条件下溜放不到位及重载23t轴重货车车场超速连挂的实际问题。
(4)论文在提出驼峰节能化设计理念的基础上,研究了驼峰设计中的“三难条件”(“难行线”、“难行气候”、“难行车”),分析了“三难条件”中各因素对驼峰设计的影响,指出既有驼峰设计规范中“难行车”选取标准的不合理性,研究了“基于三难条件出现概率”的“难行车”质量确定方法,并对驼峰设计中“难行车”质量提出了推荐值。
(5)论文将计算机仿真理论应用到驼峰设计与作业模拟中,建立了驼峰作业仿真模型,并研制了计算机仿真系统软件。
论文以某36条调车线驼峰为案例,进行了节能型驼峰峰高及纵断面改造设计,分析了驼峰作业过程各个环节的能量转换关系,建立了推峰能耗计算模型、制动能耗计算模型及改造经济效益计算模型,论述了节能型驼峰的节能效果及经济效益,以及驼峰改造的必要性、改造时机和改造技术路线等问题,通过仿真验证了本文的研究结论。
With the vigorous development of China's market economy in the new century, the demand of freight transportation shows a characteristic of diversity. Affected by them, our country's railway freight transportation is developing in directions to heavy haul, direct, centralized, freight and passenger transportation separated. Corresponding to this, the freight car is developed to larger size and specialized. The axle load of common freight car increased from 18t based to 21t based, and is transiting to 23t and 25t gradually. There is still a further development in the future.
Under the background of railway freight transportation changing and freight car axle load increasing, the marshalling at the hump yard in our country shows some problems of adaptability. As the hump is high, the humping speed has to be reduced, which causes problems of lower operational efficiency, poor safety and high energy consumption, hump speed control cannot adapt to the humping demand under the application conditions of 23t axle load cars which causes problems like light load cars can't run in place under adverse conditions and heavy 23t axle load cars are over speed coupled in yard.
In view of this, based on relevant research results, the paper systematically studies on the humping speed control in the mixed application conditions of present 23t axle load cars and conventional cars, and the design of larger size freight car based energy-saving hump of marshalling station in our country:
(1) Based on discussing the trend of China's freight transportation and freight car technology, the paper analyzes the current developments of hump of marshalling station, problems and trend in the future.
(2) The paper describes the characteristics of static optimization and dynamic adaptation for the hump design under complex constraints, and the complexity, dynamic and fuzzy control of hump operating control problem in-depth, the hump design and design idea in operational control, and factors of cars, car unit, operating control system, plane vertical section, climatic conditions and error are analyzed systematically in the paper, and their interrelation is studied comprehensively.
(3) Based on a deep analysis of model for speed determination of existing hump exit, the paper studies the humping speed control problem under the existing hump height. A dynamic interval speed-control model for dynamic speed determination and a target speed-control model based on fuzzy neural networks are established respectively under the existing hump height. The problems of that light load cars is not in place under adverse conditions and heavy 23t axle load cars are over speed coupled in yard in China's current marshalling station are solved.
(4) Based on the design idea of energy-saving hump, the paper studies "three difficult conditions" ("difficult lines", "difficult climate" and "hard rolling cars") in the design of hump, the influence of factors in "three difficult conditions" on design of hump is analyzed, and the irrationality of the choice of "hard rolling cars" in the existing design criterion of hump is pointed out. A quality determination method of "hard rolling cars" based on "probability of three difficult conditions" is proposed, and a quality value of "hard rolling cars" in hump design is recommended.
(5) The computer simulation theory is applied to simulation of hump operating, a simulation model of hump operating is established, and computer simulation software is developed in the paper.
The paper takes a hump with 36 shunting lines as an example to design the height of energy-saving hump and longitudinal reconstruction, the energy conversion during the process of hump operating is analyzed, a humping energy consumption calculation model, a braking energy consumption calculation model and a transformation fees consumption calculation model are established, and the energy saving effect and cost-effectiveness of energy-saving hump, also the necessity, time and technical route for hump reconstruction are discussed, the conclusions of this paper are tested by simulation.
在铁路货物运输组织变化与货车轴重提高的背景下,我国铁路编组站驼峰逐渐表现出不适应性。由于峰高偏高,不得不降低推峰速度,导致作业效率降低、作业安全性差及能耗高等问题；驼峰调速控制不能够适应23t轴重货车应用条件下的溜放需求,造成轻载货车在不利溜放条件下溜放不到位,以及重载货车超速连挂问题。
为此,本文在总结国内外相关研究成果的基础上,对目前23t轴重货车与既有货车混合应用条件下的驼峰调速控制以及基于货车大型化的我国铁路编组站节能型驼峰设计等问题进行了系统研究：
(1)论文在论述我国铁路货物运输、货车技术发展趋势的基础上,分析了我国编组站驼峰的发展现状,目前存在的问题,以及未来的发展趋势。
(2)论文对驼峰设计的复杂约束条件下的静态优化和动态适应特点,以及驼峰作业控制问题的复杂、动态、模糊控制的特点进行了深入阐述,系统地分析了驼峰设计与作业控制中的设计理念、车辆、车组、作业控制系统、平纵断面、气候条件及误差等影响因素,全面研究了这些因素的相互关系。
(3)论文在深入分析既有驼峰出口速度控制模型的基础上,研究了既有驼峰高度下,驼峰车组溜放的调速控制问题。分别建立了既有驼峰高度下,基于货车大型化的间隔制动出口动态速度控制模型和基于模糊神经网络的目的制动出口速度控制模型。解决了目前我国铁路编组站存在轻载货车在不利溜放条件下溜放不到位及重载23t轴重货车车场超速连挂的实际问题。
(4)论文在提出驼峰节能化设计理念的基础上,研究了驼峰设计中的“三难条件”(“难行线”、“难行气候”、“难行车”),分析了“三难条件”中各因素对驼峰设计的影响,指出既有驼峰设计规范中“难行车”选取标准的不合理性,研究了“基于三难条件出现概率”的“难行车”质量确定方法,并对驼峰设计中“难行车”质量提出了推荐值。
(5)论文将计算机仿真理论应用到驼峰设计与作业模拟中,建立了驼峰作业仿真模型,并研制了计算机仿真系统软件。
论文以某36条调车线驼峰为案例,进行了节能型驼峰峰高及纵断面改造设计,分析了驼峰作业过程各个环节的能量转换关系,建立了推峰能耗计算模型、制动能耗计算模型及改造经济效益计算模型,论述了节能型驼峰的节能效果及经济效益,以及驼峰改造的必要性、改造时机和改造技术路线等问题,通过仿真验证了本文的研究结论。
With the vigorous development of China's market economy in the new century, the demand of freight transportation shows a characteristic of diversity. Affected by them, our country's railway freight transportation is developing in directions to heavy haul, direct, centralized, freight and passenger transportation separated. Corresponding to this, the freight car is developed to larger size and specialized. The axle load of common freight car increased from 18t based to 21t based, and is transiting to 23t and 25t gradually. There is still a further development in the future.
Under the background of railway freight transportation changing and freight car axle load increasing, the marshalling at the hump yard in our country shows some problems of adaptability. As the hump is high, the humping speed has to be reduced, which causes problems of lower operational efficiency, poor safety and high energy consumption, hump speed control cannot adapt to the humping demand under the application conditions of 23t axle load cars which causes problems like light load cars can't run in place under adverse conditions and heavy 23t axle load cars are over speed coupled in yard.
In view of this, based on relevant research results, the paper systematically studies on the humping speed control in the mixed application conditions of present 23t axle load cars and conventional cars, and the design of larger size freight car based energy-saving hump of marshalling station in our country:
(1) Based on discussing the trend of China's freight transportation and freight car technology, the paper analyzes the current developments of hump of marshalling station, problems and trend in the future.
(2) The paper describes the characteristics of static optimization and dynamic adaptation for the hump design under complex constraints, and the complexity, dynamic and fuzzy control of hump operating control problem in-depth, the hump design and design idea in operational control, and factors of cars, car unit, operating control system, plane vertical section, climatic conditions and error are analyzed systematically in the paper, and their interrelation is studied comprehensively.
(3) Based on a deep analysis of model for speed determination of existing hump exit, the paper studies the humping speed control problem under the existing hump height. A dynamic interval speed-control model for dynamic speed determination and a target speed-control model based on fuzzy neural networks are established respectively under the existing hump height. The problems of that light load cars is not in place under adverse conditions and heavy 23t axle load cars are over speed coupled in yard in China's current marshalling station are solved.
(4) Based on the design idea of energy-saving hump, the paper studies "three difficult conditions" ("difficult lines", "difficult climate" and "hard rolling cars") in the design of hump, the influence of factors in "three difficult conditions" on design of hump is analyzed, and the irrationality of the choice of "hard rolling cars" in the existing design criterion of hump is pointed out. A quality determination method of "hard rolling cars" based on "probability of three difficult conditions" is proposed, and a quality value of "hard rolling cars" in hump design is recommended.
(5) The computer simulation theory is applied to simulation of hump operating, a simulation model of hump operating is established, and computer simulation software is developed in the paper.
The paper takes a hump with 36 shunting lines as an example to design the height of energy-saving hump and longitudinal reconstruction, the energy conversion during the process of hump operating is analyzed, a humping energy consumption calculation model, a braking energy consumption calculation model and a transformation fees consumption calculation model are established, and the energy saving effect and cost-effectiveness of energy-saving hump, also the necessity, time and technical route for hump reconstruction are discussed, the conclusions of this paper are tested by simulation.
引文
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