开封玉皇阁基础托换工程中的沉降分析与控制
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摘要
我国是历史悠久的文明古国。在漫长的岁月中,中华民族创造了丰富多彩、弥足珍贵的古建筑文化遗产。由于历史与地理条件的变迁,相当一部分古建筑已低于现有周边环境数米,部分甚至浸泡于水中,严重威胁古建筑的存在。将建筑物整体抬升于现有地面以上,是目前古建文物保护领域努力探索的一个课题。
整体抬升古建筑的关键技术是基础托换,手掘式顶管技术则是古建筑基础托换中的首选方法。由于顶管施工在顶进过程中从一开始就不可避免地对地层土体产生扰动,从而使土体产生变形并引起地面沉降,加之砖石古建筑对于任何细微的沉降都相当敏感,因此,沉降控制就成为基础托换工程设计施工中的核心问题。
本文以开封市延庆观玉皇阁基础托换工程为背景,结合现场实测与理论分析,分析了在本工程施工中影响建筑物沉降的可能因素,探讨了沉降机理与规律,提出了相应的控制措施。具体内容如下：
1.对玉皇阁整体顶升保护工程的背景作了介绍,包括玉皇阁的历史沿革、结构特点、残损情况等,对玉皇阁整体顶升保护工程采用以手掘式顶管技术为核心的基础托换工程的设计方案进行了分析与评估。
2.结合具体工程背景和施工特点,在前人研究的基础上,探讨了玉皇阁基础托换工程中土体的应力状态变化及引起沉降的机理和主要因素,对箱梁顶进时的施工扰动和地层损失进行了具体分析,总结了更加符合本工程实际情况的受扰动土体分区和地表沉降规律,提出了相应的工程控制措施。
3.通过工程实测沉降数据,绘出沉降曲线图,并将观测结果与理论分析的规律相对比,印证了本文理论分析的正确性及其对施工过程的预估作用。
本论文研究成果对玉皇阁整体顶升保护工程起了指导作用,对古建文物保护领域的类似工程亦有重要参考价值。
China is a country with an ancient civilization and long history. During the long years, the Chinese nation has created a rich and precious heritage of ancient buildings. As the history and geographical conditions have changed, a considerable part of the ancient building has several meters below the existing surroundings, some even immersion in water, which is a serious threat to the existence of old buildings. How to overall uplift of the building above the existing ground is an important topic in ancient building conservation area at present.
The key technologies of uplift ancient buildings is underpinning and the preferred method of underpinning is manual pipe-jacking. Because the soil solum disturbing in pipe-jacking construction is the primary reason of soil mass deformation and ground settlement, which masonry ancient buildings are sensitive to. Settlement control is crucial in pipe-jacking engineering design and construction.
This paper is based on the underpinning engineering of Kaifeng Jade Emperor Pavilion. Through in-situ measure and theory analysis, discuss the settlement mechanism, regularity and control measures in this construction. All these will offer reference to design and construction of other similar projects. The main content is as follows:
1. Briefly introduce the background of overall uplift engineer of Kaifeng Jade Emperor Pavilion, including the history of the building, structurl features, damage condition. Besides, analyse and assess the design of the underpinning engineering with the core of the manual pipe-jacking technique.
2. Combined with the practical construction character of engineering and based on the former research. The variation of soil stress state due to being disturbed, the mechanism and causation of settlement during underpinning engineering are discussed. And make a concrete analysis of construction disturbance and Stratum loss. Conclude different zones of disturbed soil and the regularity of the ground settlement which are more accorded with fact. Finally some control measures are advanced.
3. Through in-situ measured settlement data, draw the settlement curve. And compare the observational results to the regularity of theoretical analysis, which confirmed the correctness of the theoretical analysis and its prediction function in engineering.
The results of the thesis not only have the steering effects on overall uplift engineer of Kaifeng Jade Emperor Pavilion, but also have an important reference value in similar ancient building conservation engineering.
整体抬升古建筑的关键技术是基础托换,手掘式顶管技术则是古建筑基础托换中的首选方法。由于顶管施工在顶进过程中从一开始就不可避免地对地层土体产生扰动,从而使土体产生变形并引起地面沉降,加之砖石古建筑对于任何细微的沉降都相当敏感,因此,沉降控制就成为基础托换工程设计施工中的核心问题。
本文以开封市延庆观玉皇阁基础托换工程为背景,结合现场实测与理论分析,分析了在本工程施工中影响建筑物沉降的可能因素,探讨了沉降机理与规律,提出了相应的控制措施。具体内容如下：
1.对玉皇阁整体顶升保护工程的背景作了介绍,包括玉皇阁的历史沿革、结构特点、残损情况等,对玉皇阁整体顶升保护工程采用以手掘式顶管技术为核心的基础托换工程的设计方案进行了分析与评估。
2.结合具体工程背景和施工特点,在前人研究的基础上,探讨了玉皇阁基础托换工程中土体的应力状态变化及引起沉降的机理和主要因素,对箱梁顶进时的施工扰动和地层损失进行了具体分析,总结了更加符合本工程实际情况的受扰动土体分区和地表沉降规律,提出了相应的工程控制措施。
3.通过工程实测沉降数据,绘出沉降曲线图,并将观测结果与理论分析的规律相对比,印证了本文理论分析的正确性及其对施工过程的预估作用。
本论文研究成果对玉皇阁整体顶升保护工程起了指导作用,对古建文物保护领域的类似工程亦有重要参考价值。
China is a country with an ancient civilization and long history. During the long years, the Chinese nation has created a rich and precious heritage of ancient buildings. As the history and geographical conditions have changed, a considerable part of the ancient building has several meters below the existing surroundings, some even immersion in water, which is a serious threat to the existence of old buildings. How to overall uplift of the building above the existing ground is an important topic in ancient building conservation area at present.
The key technologies of uplift ancient buildings is underpinning and the preferred method of underpinning is manual pipe-jacking. Because the soil solum disturbing in pipe-jacking construction is the primary reason of soil mass deformation and ground settlement, which masonry ancient buildings are sensitive to. Settlement control is crucial in pipe-jacking engineering design and construction.
This paper is based on the underpinning engineering of Kaifeng Jade Emperor Pavilion. Through in-situ measure and theory analysis, discuss the settlement mechanism, regularity and control measures in this construction. All these will offer reference to design and construction of other similar projects. The main content is as follows:
1. Briefly introduce the background of overall uplift engineer of Kaifeng Jade Emperor Pavilion, including the history of the building, structurl features, damage condition. Besides, analyse and assess the design of the underpinning engineering with the core of the manual pipe-jacking technique.
2. Combined with the practical construction character of engineering and based on the former research. The variation of soil stress state due to being disturbed, the mechanism and causation of settlement during underpinning engineering are discussed. And make a concrete analysis of construction disturbance and Stratum loss. Conclude different zones of disturbed soil and the regularity of the ground settlement which are more accorded with fact. Finally some control measures are advanced.
3. Through in-situ measured settlement data, draw the settlement curve. And compare the observational results to the regularity of theoretical analysis, which confirmed the correctness of the theoretical analysis and its prediction function in engineering.
The results of the thesis not only have the steering effects on overall uplift engineer of Kaifeng Jade Emperor Pavilion, but also have an important reference value in similar ancient building conservation engineering.
引文
[1]俞茂宏.古建筑结构研究的历史性、艺术性和科学性[J].工程力学.第十三届全国结构工程学术会议特邀报告,2004,S1：190-212.
[2]耿瑞伦.顶管技术惊人的100年[J].国外地质勘察技术,1997.
[3]Kanterman, Ronald E.Microtunneling. The new rescue challenge. Fire Engineering,151 (11),1998.
[4]余彬泉,陈传灿.顶管施工技术[M].北京：人民交通出版社,1998.
[5]上海市建工总公司.建筑施工新技术[M].北京：中国建筑工业出版社,1999.
[6]王承德.顶管[M].北京：中国建筑工业出版社,1986.
[7]王承德,何剑秋.国内外混凝土管顶进现状[J].特种结构,1989,2：38-45.
[8]R.B.Peck. Deep excavations and tunneling in soft ground,7th Internationl Conference on Soil Mechanics and foundation Engineering,Mexico City,1969:225-290.
[9]Attewell P.B. Farmer I.W. Ground settlement above shield deiven tunnels in clay.Tunnels and Tunneling,1975,7(1):58-62.
[10]Atkinson J.H. Potts D.M. Subsidence above shallow tunnels in soft ground. Journal of Geotechnical Engineering. ASCE(GT4),1977:307-325.
[11]Clough G W, Schmidt B. Design and performance of excavations and tunnels in soft clay [M]. Soft Clay Engineering, Brand E W. Brenner R P(eds.):Elsevier Science Publishing Company. New York, 1981.
[12]O'Reilly M P, New B M. Settlements above tunnels in the United Kingdom-their magnitude and prediction [A]. Proceeding, Tunneling'82. London:Institution of Mining and Metallurgy,1982: 137-181.
[13]N.Loganathan& H.G.Poulos. Analytical Prediction for Tunneling-Induced Ground Movement in Clays, Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering,1998(9):846-856.
[14]刘建航,候学渊.盾构法隧道[M].北京：中国铁道出版社,1991.
[15][西德]马.谢尔勒著,漆平生等译.顶管工程[M].北京：中国建筑工业出版社,1983.
[16]Verruijt.A, and Booker. J.R. Surface settlements due to deformation of a tunnel in an elastic half plane, Geotechniques,1996,46(4):753-756.
[17]Sagaseta C. Analysis of undrained soil deformation due to ground loss[J]. Geotechnique,1987,37(3): 301-320.
[18]Lee K M, Rowe R K, Lo K Y. Subsidence owing to tunneling I:Estimating the gap parameter [J]. Canadian Geotechnical Journal,1992,29(6):929-940.
[19]房营光,莫海鸿,张传英.顶管施工扰动区土体变形的理论与实测分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2003,22(4)：601-605.
[20]陈枫,胡志平.盾构偏航引起的地表位移预测[J].岩土力学,2004,25(9)：1427-1431.
[21]魏纲,徐日庆,屠玮.顶管施工引起的土体扰动理论分析及试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(3)：476-482.
[22]施成华,黄林冲.顶管施工隧道扰动区土体变形计算[J].中南大学学报(自然科学版),2005,36(2)：323-328.
[23]姜忻良,赵志民.盾构施工引起土体位移的空间计算方法[J].华中科技大学学报(城市科学版),2005,22(2)：1-4.
[24]方从启.基于半解析元法研究顶管施工引起的地层运动[D].博士学位论文.上海：同济大学,1998.
[25]乔宏伟,邓志辉.顶管施工中地面沉降的预测[J].西部探矿工程,2000,(6)：113-114.
[26]林敏,张平之.铁路顶管施工中路基面沉降的研究[J].北方交通大学学报,2001,25(4)：69-72.
[27]冯海宁,温晓贵,龚晓南.顶管施工环境影响的二维有限元计算分析[J].浙江大学学报(工学版),2003,37(4)：432-435.
[28]冯海宁,龚晓南,徐日庆.顶管施工环境影响的有限元计算分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(7)：1155-1162.
[29]黄宏伟,胡听.顶管施工力学效应的数值模拟分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2003,22(3)：400-406.
[30]吴修锋.顶管施工引起的地层移动与变形控制研究[D].硕士学位论文.南京：南京工业大学,2004.
[31]孙钧,袁金荣.盾构施工扰动与地层移动及其智能神经网络预测[J].岩土工程学报,2001,23(3)：261-267.
[32]罗筱波,周健.多元线性回归分析法计算顶管施工引起的地面沉降[J].岩土力学,2003,24(1)：130-134.
[33]水利部黄河水利委员会.黄河水利史述要[M].水利出版社,1982.6：209-215,236-239.
[34]常青.元明中国砖石拱顶建筑的嬗变[J].自然科学史研究,1993.2：192-200.
[35]龚晓南.地基处理手册(第二版)[M].北京：中国建筑工业出版社,2003：674-676.
[36]韩选江.大型地下顶管施工技术原理及应用[M].北京：中国建筑工业出版社,2008：99.
[37]魏纲.顶管工程土与结构的性状及理论研究[D].浙江大学博士学位论文,2005.11.
[38]钱家欢,殷宗泽.土工原理与计算(第二版)[M].北京：中国水利水电出版社,2003：409-411.
[39]黄宏伟,胡听.顶管施工力学效应的数值模拟分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2003,22(3)：400-406.
[40]刘国彬,刘金元,徐全庆.基坑开挖引起的土体力学特性变化的试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2000,19(1)：112-116.
[2]耿瑞伦.顶管技术惊人的100年[J].国外地质勘察技术,1997.
[3]Kanterman, Ronald E.Microtunneling. The new rescue challenge. Fire Engineering,151 (11),1998.
[4]余彬泉,陈传灿.顶管施工技术[M].北京：人民交通出版社,1998.
[5]上海市建工总公司.建筑施工新技术[M].北京：中国建筑工业出版社,1999.
[6]王承德.顶管[M].北京：中国建筑工业出版社,1986.
[7]王承德,何剑秋.国内外混凝土管顶进现状[J].特种结构,1989,2：38-45.
[8]R.B.Peck. Deep excavations and tunneling in soft ground,7th Internationl Conference on Soil Mechanics and foundation Engineering,Mexico City,1969:225-290.
[9]Attewell P.B. Farmer I.W. Ground settlement above shield deiven tunnels in clay.Tunnels and Tunneling,1975,7(1):58-62.
[10]Atkinson J.H. Potts D.M. Subsidence above shallow tunnels in soft ground. Journal of Geotechnical Engineering. ASCE(GT4),1977:307-325.
[11]Clough G W, Schmidt B. Design and performance of excavations and tunnels in soft clay [M]. Soft Clay Engineering, Brand E W. Brenner R P(eds.):Elsevier Science Publishing Company. New York, 1981.
[12]O'Reilly M P, New B M. Settlements above tunnels in the United Kingdom-their magnitude and prediction [A]. Proceeding, Tunneling'82. London:Institution of Mining and Metallurgy,1982: 137-181.
[13]N.Loganathan& H.G.Poulos. Analytical Prediction for Tunneling-Induced Ground Movement in Clays, Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering,1998(9):846-856.
[14]刘建航,候学渊.盾构法隧道[M].北京：中国铁道出版社,1991.
[15][西德]马.谢尔勒著,漆平生等译.顶管工程[M].北京：中国建筑工业出版社,1983.
[16]Verruijt.A, and Booker. J.R. Surface settlements due to deformation of a tunnel in an elastic half plane, Geotechniques,1996,46(4):753-756.
[17]Sagaseta C. Analysis of undrained soil deformation due to ground loss[J]. Geotechnique,1987,37(3): 301-320.
[18]Lee K M, Rowe R K, Lo K Y. Subsidence owing to tunneling I:Estimating the gap parameter [J]. Canadian Geotechnical Journal,1992,29(6):929-940.
[19]房营光,莫海鸿,张传英.顶管施工扰动区土体变形的理论与实测分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2003,22(4)：601-605.
[20]陈枫,胡志平.盾构偏航引起的地表位移预测[J].岩土力学,2004,25(9)：1427-1431.
[21]魏纲,徐日庆,屠玮.顶管施工引起的土体扰动理论分析及试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(3)：476-482.
[22]施成华,黄林冲.顶管施工隧道扰动区土体变形计算[J].中南大学学报(自然科学版),2005,36(2)：323-328.
[23]姜忻良,赵志民.盾构施工引起土体位移的空间计算方法[J].华中科技大学学报(城市科学版),2005,22(2)：1-4.
[24]方从启.基于半解析元法研究顶管施工引起的地层运动[D].博士学位论文.上海：同济大学,1998.
[25]乔宏伟,邓志辉.顶管施工中地面沉降的预测[J].西部探矿工程,2000,(6)：113-114.
[26]林敏,张平之.铁路顶管施工中路基面沉降的研究[J].北方交通大学学报,2001,25(4)：69-72.
[27]冯海宁,温晓贵,龚晓南.顶管施工环境影响的二维有限元计算分析[J].浙江大学学报(工学版),2003,37(4)：432-435.
[28]冯海宁,龚晓南,徐日庆.顶管施工环境影响的有限元计算分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(7)：1155-1162.
[29]黄宏伟,胡听.顶管施工力学效应的数值模拟分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2003,22(3)：400-406.
[30]吴修锋.顶管施工引起的地层移动与变形控制研究[D].硕士学位论文.南京：南京工业大学,2004.
[31]孙钧,袁金荣.盾构施工扰动与地层移动及其智能神经网络预测[J].岩土工程学报,2001,23(3)：261-267.
[32]罗筱波,周健.多元线性回归分析法计算顶管施工引起的地面沉降[J].岩土力学,2003,24(1)：130-134.
[33]水利部黄河水利委员会.黄河水利史述要[M].水利出版社,1982.6：209-215,236-239.
[34]常青.元明中国砖石拱顶建筑的嬗变[J].自然科学史研究,1993.2：192-200.
[35]龚晓南.地基处理手册(第二版)[M].北京：中国建筑工业出版社,2003：674-676.
[36]韩选江.大型地下顶管施工技术原理及应用[M].北京：中国建筑工业出版社,2008：99.
[37]魏纲.顶管工程土与结构的性状及理论研究[D].浙江大学博士学位论文,2005.11.
[38]钱家欢,殷宗泽.土工原理与计算(第二版)[M].北京：中国水利水电出版社,2003：409-411.
[39]黄宏伟,胡听.顶管施工力学效应的数值模拟分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2003,22(3)：400-406.
[40]刘国彬,刘金元,徐全庆.基坑开挖引起的土体力学特性变化的试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2000,19(1)：112-116.