基于燃油经济性串联式混合动力公交车优化研究
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摘要
汽车工业发展在推动经济发展的同时,也带来了能源紧缺和环境恶化,同时对石油的依赖也越来越严重,节能、环保和使用替代能源成为汽车技术发展的主题之一。混合动力汽车在现有技术的基础上达到了提高燃料经济性和减少排放的目的,因而极具发展前景。从目前的发展来看,汽车的排放法规日趋严格化,同时电子技术的迅猛发展都会进一步促进混合动力汽车的发展。
对于混合动力汽车的动力性能和燃料经济性水平,通常是在进行实车道路试验之后给予最后评价。这样做不但周期长,成本高,而且在产品设计阶段对整车及各总成方案的确定、结构参数的选择、传动系参数与发动机的匹配等具有一定的盲目性,可能遗漏较优的方案,造成浪费。
本文以天津清源电动车辆责任有限公司承担的国家863项目“混合动力公交车”为依托,开展优化串联式混合动力客车燃油经济性的研究。确定了串联式混合动力客车独特的匹配方式以及效率分布,分析了整车各部分的控制策略的优缺点以及燃油经济性的影响因素。
首先,本文分析了串联式混合动力公交车动力系统的匹配方法,在保证车辆动力性能的基础上研究了动力系统匹配影响整车燃油经济性的各个方面,为串联式混合动力公交车的匹配方案选择奠定基础。动力系统匹配完成之后,本文针对动力系统的特点研究了主控制器控制方式、电机控制器控制方式、电池管理系统控制方式、发电机组功率分配控制策略以及制动能量回收控制策略。在对传统控制策略优缺点进行比较之后,本文提出了综合功率跟随式与恒温器式控制策略的转矩选择式控制策略以及综合串联式制动回收策略与并联式制动回收策略的混联式制动回收策略。
其次,本文分析了串联式混合动力公交车燃油经济性的试验方法和燃油经济性判断标准。在此基础上本文选择不加控制道路试验方法来研究本车的燃油经济性。通过GPRS系统采集5辆混合动力样车与原型车的实时运行数据来分析整车运行状况,对试验结果的分析总结出了在实际应用中提高此车燃油经济性的方法。
再次,本文基于整车仿真软件crusie,并联合matlab/simulink模拟整车的控制策略对混合动力汽车进行基于燃油经济性与系统效率的仿真,结合仿真结果量化分析了混合动力客车中动力系统与控制策略在匹配过程中的优缺点,并给出各种动力系统下控制策略的选择方法和注意事项。仿真结果显示出转矩选择式控制策略在燃油经济性和整车效率方面都比其他两者更好,同时混联式制动回收策略综合考虑了制动回收能量和制动效能的特点。这两种控制策略更适合用于串联式混合动力公交车上。
仿真分析结合试验结果表明,控制混合动力的燃油经济性是一项需要结合控制策略、优化匹配、运营管理、可靠性控制的系统工程。
With the development of automobile industry promoting economic, it also brings the energy shortage and environmental degradation. Meanwhile, dependence on oil is more serious, so energy-saving, environmental protection and the alternative energy sources is becoming one of the themes the development of automobile technology. HEV is on the basis of existing technology to raise the fuel economy and reduce emissions, so it has a great development prospects. From now on, with the vehicle emissions regulations becoming more and more stringent, and the development of electronic technology, HEV will have a bright future.
Generally, a final assess after road test will be carried on for the HEV power performance and fuel economy. It would be a long cycle, high cost process. At product design stage of vehicle assembly, the determination of choose the structural parameters, transmission parameters and the power system parameters has a certain blindness. This way may miss some better program and leads to waste.
This paper is based on a "hybrid buses" which made by Tianjin Qingyuan Electric Vehicle Co., Ltd. who assumes the responsibility of the national 863 Project. The object of this paper is to study the optimization way of fuel economy of series hybrid bus (SHB). This paper determination a unique matching method of series hybrid buses and the efficiency distribution of the every component. In addition, it also analysis the vehicle control strategy of various parts, as well as factors affecting fuel economy.
Firstly, the paper analyzes the series hybrid bus power system matching method, in ensuring the dynamic performance of vehicles based on the study of the impact of the power system matches the vehicle fuel economy in all aspects of Series Hybrid Bus Matching Program Select a basis. Power system matching is complete, this paper studies the characteristics of power system control method the main controller, motor controller, control mode, the battery management system control, generator control strategy for power distribution and braking energy recovery control strategy. Advantages and disadvantages of the traditional control strategy in a comparison, this paper presents an integrated power to follow the ceremony with a thermostat-type torque control strategy of selective control strategies and integrated tandem-type brake recovery strategies and recovery strategy for parallel hybrid brake-type braking recovery strategy.
Secondly, this paper simulates the hybrid vehicle's fuel economy and efficiency of the system based on vehicle simulation software: Cruise. Mean while, it simulate the vehicle's control strategy with the joint of Matlab / Simulink . Through quantitative analysis of simulation results, it can conclude that all factors which impact fuel economy of series hybrid bus.
At last, an analysis of HEV fuel economy test measurement methods have carried on through the demonstration results of vehicle operations and experimental statistical data. On the basis of the test results, it will obtain some optimization method to reduce the fuel economy, and a systematic test way in the practical operation to decide whether a HEV is energy-saving.
The result of simulation and practical test show that the control of HEV fuel economy is a systematic engineering which include the combination of control strategies, optimize matching, operations management and reliability controlling.
对于混合动力汽车的动力性能和燃料经济性水平,通常是在进行实车道路试验之后给予最后评价。这样做不但周期长,成本高,而且在产品设计阶段对整车及各总成方案的确定、结构参数的选择、传动系参数与发动机的匹配等具有一定的盲目性,可能遗漏较优的方案,造成浪费。
本文以天津清源电动车辆责任有限公司承担的国家863项目“混合动力公交车”为依托,开展优化串联式混合动力客车燃油经济性的研究。确定了串联式混合动力客车独特的匹配方式以及效率分布,分析了整车各部分的控制策略的优缺点以及燃油经济性的影响因素。
首先,本文分析了串联式混合动力公交车动力系统的匹配方法,在保证车辆动力性能的基础上研究了动力系统匹配影响整车燃油经济性的各个方面,为串联式混合动力公交车的匹配方案选择奠定基础。动力系统匹配完成之后,本文针对动力系统的特点研究了主控制器控制方式、电机控制器控制方式、电池管理系统控制方式、发电机组功率分配控制策略以及制动能量回收控制策略。在对传统控制策略优缺点进行比较之后,本文提出了综合功率跟随式与恒温器式控制策略的转矩选择式控制策略以及综合串联式制动回收策略与并联式制动回收策略的混联式制动回收策略。
其次,本文分析了串联式混合动力公交车燃油经济性的试验方法和燃油经济性判断标准。在此基础上本文选择不加控制道路试验方法来研究本车的燃油经济性。通过GPRS系统采集5辆混合动力样车与原型车的实时运行数据来分析整车运行状况,对试验结果的分析总结出了在实际应用中提高此车燃油经济性的方法。
再次,本文基于整车仿真软件crusie,并联合matlab/simulink模拟整车的控制策略对混合动力汽车进行基于燃油经济性与系统效率的仿真,结合仿真结果量化分析了混合动力客车中动力系统与控制策略在匹配过程中的优缺点,并给出各种动力系统下控制策略的选择方法和注意事项。仿真结果显示出转矩选择式控制策略在燃油经济性和整车效率方面都比其他两者更好,同时混联式制动回收策略综合考虑了制动回收能量和制动效能的特点。这两种控制策略更适合用于串联式混合动力公交车上。
仿真分析结合试验结果表明,控制混合动力的燃油经济性是一项需要结合控制策略、优化匹配、运营管理、可靠性控制的系统工程。
With the development of automobile industry promoting economic, it also brings the energy shortage and environmental degradation. Meanwhile, dependence on oil is more serious, so energy-saving, environmental protection and the alternative energy sources is becoming one of the themes the development of automobile technology. HEV is on the basis of existing technology to raise the fuel economy and reduce emissions, so it has a great development prospects. From now on, with the vehicle emissions regulations becoming more and more stringent, and the development of electronic technology, HEV will have a bright future.
Generally, a final assess after road test will be carried on for the HEV power performance and fuel economy. It would be a long cycle, high cost process. At product design stage of vehicle assembly, the determination of choose the structural parameters, transmission parameters and the power system parameters has a certain blindness. This way may miss some better program and leads to waste.
This paper is based on a "hybrid buses" which made by Tianjin Qingyuan Electric Vehicle Co., Ltd. who assumes the responsibility of the national 863 Project. The object of this paper is to study the optimization way of fuel economy of series hybrid bus (SHB). This paper determination a unique matching method of series hybrid buses and the efficiency distribution of the every component. In addition, it also analysis the vehicle control strategy of various parts, as well as factors affecting fuel economy.
Firstly, the paper analyzes the series hybrid bus power system matching method, in ensuring the dynamic performance of vehicles based on the study of the impact of the power system matches the vehicle fuel economy in all aspects of Series Hybrid Bus Matching Program Select a basis. Power system matching is complete, this paper studies the characteristics of power system control method the main controller, motor controller, control mode, the battery management system control, generator control strategy for power distribution and braking energy recovery control strategy. Advantages and disadvantages of the traditional control strategy in a comparison, this paper presents an integrated power to follow the ceremony with a thermostat-type torque control strategy of selective control strategies and integrated tandem-type brake recovery strategies and recovery strategy for parallel hybrid brake-type braking recovery strategy.
Secondly, this paper simulates the hybrid vehicle's fuel economy and efficiency of the system based on vehicle simulation software: Cruise. Mean while, it simulate the vehicle's control strategy with the joint of Matlab / Simulink . Through quantitative analysis of simulation results, it can conclude that all factors which impact fuel economy of series hybrid bus.
At last, an analysis of HEV fuel economy test measurement methods have carried on through the demonstration results of vehicle operations and experimental statistical data. On the basis of the test results, it will obtain some optimization method to reduce the fuel economy, and a systematic test way in the practical operation to decide whether a HEV is energy-saving.
The result of simulation and practical test show that the control of HEV fuel economy is a systematic engineering which include the combination of control strategies, optimize matching, operations management and reliability controlling.
引文
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[2]汽车工程手册编委会.汽车工程手册—试验篇[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2001:36-54
[3]余志生.汽车理论(第二版)[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1996:1-154
[4]陈家瑞.汽车构造[M].北京:人民交通出版社,1999:1-235
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[7]刘惟信.汽车设计[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2001
[8]郝利君等.串联型混合动力公交车性能仿真分析[J].汽车工程.2008.10:20-24
[9]孙逢春 程夕明.电动汽车动力驱动系统现状及发展[J].汽车工程2000(22)
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[2]汽车工程手册编委会.汽车工程手册—试验篇[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2001:36-54
[3]余志生.汽车理论(第二版)[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1996:1-154
[4]陈家瑞.汽车构造[M].北京:人民交通出版社,1999:1-235
[5]李晓英等.串联混合动力汽车控制策略[J].吉林大学学报(工学版),2005,5(2):14-15
[6]王平,孙骏.串联式混合动力公交车的设计与仿真[J].商用汽车杂志,2007,13(3):12-15
[7]刘惟信.汽车设计[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2001
[8]郝利君等.串联型混合动力公交车性能仿真分析[J].汽车工程.2008.10:20-24
[9]孙逢春 程夕明.电动汽车动力驱动系统现状及发展[J].汽车工程2000(22)
[10]赵国柱,杨正林.串联式混合动力公交汽车的能量管理策略[J].北京汽车.2005.5:12-15
[11]孙逢春等,现代电动汽车技术[M].北京:北京理工大学出版社,2002
[12]龚君.混合动力汽车控制策略的研究.武汉理工大学硕士学位论文.2007
[13]汪新云.串联式混合动力客车动力系统建模与仿真.武汉理工大学硕士学位论文.2003
[14]熊志伟.混合动力客车动力系统的研究.武汉理工大学硕士学位论文.2006
[15]张承宁等.电驱动车辆中发电机与电力电池组的匹配[J].电气应用.2005
[16]M.Zeraoulia,etc.Electric Motor Drive Selection Issues for HEV Propulsion Systems:A Comparative Study.2005 IEEE.
[17]孙树韬.混合动力客车最优工作曲线控制策略研究.吉林大学硕士学位论文.2006.
[18]易兴初.混合动力电动城市客车驱动系统建模与仿真.武汉理工大学硕士学位论文.2006.
[19]成森等.串联型混合动力汽车动力系统设计与仿真[J].车辆与动力技术.2003.4:21-25
[20]张翔等.混合动力轿车的建模与仿真[J].计算机仿真,2005,6:20-23
[21]Zhancheng Wang.A Novel Power Control Strategy of Series Hybrid Electric Vehicle.2007IEEE.
[22]Sheldon S.Williamson,Sanjaka G.Wirasingha,and Ali Emadi.Comparative Investigation of Series and Parallel Hybrid Electric Drive Trains for Heavy-Duty Transit Bus Applications.2006 IEEE.
[23]Zhao Shupeng.Control Strategy and Simulation analysis of Hybrid Electric Vehicle.The Eighth International Conference on Electronic Measurement and Instruments.2007 IEEE.
[24]Patricia Caratozzolo.Design and Control of the Propulsion System of a Series Hybrid Electric Vehicle.Proceedings of the Electronics,Robotics and Automotive Mechanics Conference.2006 IEEE
[25]Xudong Liu,etc.Optimal Sizing of a Series Hybrid Electric Vehicle Using a Hybrid Genetic Algorithm.Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Automation and Logistics.August 18-21,2007,Jinan,China
[26]Zhancheng Wang,Weimin Li.Optimization of Series Hybrid Electric Vehicle Operational Parameters By Simulated Annealing Algorithm.2007 IEEE International Conference on Control and Automation.Guangzhou,CHINA-May 30 to June 1,2007
[27]郭克友等.串联混合电动汽车动力系统的设计[J].制造业自动化.2005,3:5-8
[28]张翔.电动汽车建模与仿真的研究.合肥工业大学博士后研究工作报告.2004
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