便携式电容测试仪的设计与研究
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摘要
电容无功补偿器是电力系统中不可缺少的重要设备,对于电力系统的安全运行起着不可忽视的重要作用,必须对其进行定期测量。因此,研究适于现场测量的手持式电容测试仪器具有重要的实际意义和使用价值。
论文研究了一种操作方便、低功耗、便携式、测量时间短且具有较高测量精度的电容器现场校验装置。该校验装置是一种基于MSP430系列超低功耗的混合信号控制器的智能测量系统。论文从硬件和软件两个方面详细阐述了这套智能测量仪器的设计原理和实现方法。
在硬件部分中,文章首先简要介绍了硬件系统的构成,它主要以MSP430F149单片机为中心,结合液晶显示、电源管理、红外通信、按键和信号调理电路等部分组成。然后介绍了信号调理电路的各项功能,以及红外通信的原理和实现方法。最后文章提出了一种可靠的电池供电的电源方案,介绍了电池充放电管理电路、电池容量监测电路和高效率的DC/DC变换电路设计实现的方法,该电源方案结合单片机的特点可以突出本装置独特的低功耗特性。
在软件部分中,文章首先阐述了使用红外通信和按键控制,以实现适应现场不同测量情况的原理和方法;之后,文章从数学上推导了离散信号的各种电气特征参数的计算公式,并以这些计算公式为基础规划设计了数据处理计算程序;文章接着介绍了单片机对电池供电模块电量实时监测的处理方法;最后,文章讲解了液晶显示器的操作方法和实际使用效果。
文章在最后介绍了该装置的实际测试结果,并对实验数据进行了误差分析。根据实验数据,装置对电压、电流测量精度达到0.5%,对电容器的测量精度达到1%。文章还根据实验数据分析了影响装置测量精度的原因。
经实验验证,该装置能够符合研制的技术指标,实现预期功能。装置的硬件能够长时间稳定运行,装置的软件效率较高,能够达到便携式、低功耗、易操作和高精度的要求。
The capacitance used for reactive power compensation equipment is an important instrument indispensably in the power grid, and it cannot be neglected in transmission-line system of electric power running. Consequently, the research of portable capacitance calibrator, which used for field calibration, is useful and even significant.
This thesis mainly deals with the research of a kind of portable on-line calibrator of capacitance based on MSP430, and which is a kind of ultra low-power mixed signal micro-controller. This calibrator is characterized by high accuracy, low power consumption, and convenient for manipulate. The whole thesis expounds the design principle and implementation in detail from hardware and software portion.
In the hardware portion, the thesis introduces the whole hardware system briefly at first, which includes MSP430F149 microcontroller, LCD module, power management module, infrared communication module, keystoke module and signal regulation module. Functions of the signal regulation module, function and actualization of infrared communication specifically were introduced. A new power management module of the battery was discussed at last, and charge & discharge circuit, battery gas gauge circuit, and the DC/DC transform circuit in the module was introduced, the ultra-low power consumption of the device was emphasized in this module.
In the software fraction, this thesis discussed how to make use of infrared communication module and keystoke module to suits working in sereval different circumstances. And the design of multifunctional matrix keys was introduced, as the hardware resource was saved and the management efficiency rose by this design. The calculation method of the digital signal was deduced later. Then the thesis provided the technique of inspecting the capacity of battery in the power management module.At last, the thesis explains the means of LCD module’s manipulation, the effect practicality was introduced simultaneity.
Some experiment results were showed, and error sources were analysis based on the results ultimately. Forming the result the conclusion could be made that the measurement accuracy level of curren and voltage from spur track of capacitance reaches 0.5%, the capacitance’s measurement accuracy leve reaches 1%.
Finally, by experimentation validating, this device accords with technique target, achieves anticipated function. The hardware of the device can reliable and stable run lastingly; the software is high efficiency. The whole calibrator device has reached the demand of portable, ultra-low power consumption, easy handling and high accuracy.
论文研究了一种操作方便、低功耗、便携式、测量时间短且具有较高测量精度的电容器现场校验装置。该校验装置是一种基于MSP430系列超低功耗的混合信号控制器的智能测量系统。论文从硬件和软件两个方面详细阐述了这套智能测量仪器的设计原理和实现方法。
在硬件部分中,文章首先简要介绍了硬件系统的构成,它主要以MSP430F149单片机为中心,结合液晶显示、电源管理、红外通信、按键和信号调理电路等部分组成。然后介绍了信号调理电路的各项功能,以及红外通信的原理和实现方法。最后文章提出了一种可靠的电池供电的电源方案,介绍了电池充放电管理电路、电池容量监测电路和高效率的DC/DC变换电路设计实现的方法,该电源方案结合单片机的特点可以突出本装置独特的低功耗特性。
在软件部分中,文章首先阐述了使用红外通信和按键控制,以实现适应现场不同测量情况的原理和方法;之后,文章从数学上推导了离散信号的各种电气特征参数的计算公式,并以这些计算公式为基础规划设计了数据处理计算程序;文章接着介绍了单片机对电池供电模块电量实时监测的处理方法;最后,文章讲解了液晶显示器的操作方法和实际使用效果。
文章在最后介绍了该装置的实际测试结果,并对实验数据进行了误差分析。根据实验数据,装置对电压、电流测量精度达到0.5%,对电容器的测量精度达到1%。文章还根据实验数据分析了影响装置测量精度的原因。
经实验验证,该装置能够符合研制的技术指标,实现预期功能。装置的硬件能够长时间稳定运行,装置的软件效率较高,能够达到便携式、低功耗、易操作和高精度的要求。
The capacitance used for reactive power compensation equipment is an important instrument indispensably in the power grid, and it cannot be neglected in transmission-line system of electric power running. Consequently, the research of portable capacitance calibrator, which used for field calibration, is useful and even significant.
This thesis mainly deals with the research of a kind of portable on-line calibrator of capacitance based on MSP430, and which is a kind of ultra low-power mixed signal micro-controller. This calibrator is characterized by high accuracy, low power consumption, and convenient for manipulate. The whole thesis expounds the design principle and implementation in detail from hardware and software portion.
In the hardware portion, the thesis introduces the whole hardware system briefly at first, which includes MSP430F149 microcontroller, LCD module, power management module, infrared communication module, keystoke module and signal regulation module. Functions of the signal regulation module, function and actualization of infrared communication specifically were introduced. A new power management module of the battery was discussed at last, and charge & discharge circuit, battery gas gauge circuit, and the DC/DC transform circuit in the module was introduced, the ultra-low power consumption of the device was emphasized in this module.
In the software fraction, this thesis discussed how to make use of infrared communication module and keystoke module to suits working in sereval different circumstances. And the design of multifunctional matrix keys was introduced, as the hardware resource was saved and the management efficiency rose by this design. The calculation method of the digital signal was deduced later. Then the thesis provided the technique of inspecting the capacity of battery in the power management module.At last, the thesis explains the means of LCD module’s manipulation, the effect practicality was introduced simultaneity.
Some experiment results were showed, and error sources were analysis based on the results ultimately. Forming the result the conclusion could be made that the measurement accuracy level of curren and voltage from spur track of capacitance reaches 0.5%, the capacitance’s measurement accuracy leve reaches 1%.
Finally, by experimentation validating, this device accords with technique target, achieves anticipated function. The hardware of the device can reliable and stable run lastingly; the software is high efficiency. The whole calibrator device has reached the demand of portable, ultra-low power consumption, easy handling and high accuracy.
引文
[1]何仰赞,温增银.电力系统分析(下册).武汉:华中科技大学出版社, 2002:77~89.
[2]熊信银,张步涵.电力工程基础.武汉:华中科技大学出版社, 2003:243~254.
[3] ADI公司.先进的阻抗与电容转换器.世界电子元器件, 2006.03.
[4]周丽芹,刘建丽,王立红.便携式智能仪器仪表功能保证措施的研究.传感器与仪器仪表, 2004年第20卷第5期.
[5] Cebrian A, Rey J, Tormos A, Millet J. Adapting power consumption to performance requirements in a MSP430 microcontroller. Electron Devices, 2005 Spanish Conference on 2-4 Feb. 2005:83 - 86.
[6]李华,孙晓民,李红青. MCS-51系列单片机实用接口技术.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社, 1993: 133~148.
[7]朱欣华等.智能仪器原理与设计.北京:中国计量出版社, 2002年12月第1版.
[8]秦建民,曾水平. MSP430F149单片机在便携式智能仪器中的应用.微计算机信息, 2002年第18卷第12期.
[9]国家电网公司.预防电容器装置事故的技术措施, 2003.
[10]李立伟,邹积岩.新型双钳口接地电阻在线测量仪.电力系统自动化, 2003(14):83~89.
[11] Texas Instruments. MSP430x1xx Family User's Guide, 2004.
[12] Texas Instruments. CMOS Analog Multiplexers/Demultiplexers with Logic Level Conversion, 1998.
[13]吴忠义. OP07D运算放大器及其应用.电子技术应用, 1986(7):18~19.
[14] Texas Instruments. Dual Low Offset, Low Power Operational Amplifier OP200, 2002.
[15] Burr-Brown Corporation. Programmable Gain Instrumentation Amplifier PGA205, 1993.
[16]翟俊祥. PGA204/205可编程增益放大器的原理和应用.国外电子元器件, 1999年第5期.
[17]怯肇乾. IrDA器件及其应用电路设计.单片机与嵌入式系统应用, 2004年第7期.
[18]罗兆虹,詹学文,戴学安.红外通讯技术在电能表数据交换中的应用.电测与仪表,2002, (12):56~58.
[19] Vishay Semiconductors. HS0038B IR Receiver Modules for PCM Remote Control Systems, 2002.
[20] Jimenez M, Nunez-Arzuaga M. Implementing Irda on the Msp430: a project development under the undergraduate research/co-op education model. Frontiers in Education, 34th Annual, 2004: S1B/6 - S1B/9 Vol. 3.
[21]魏小龙. MSP430系列单片机接口技术及系统设计实例.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社, 2002:110~220.
[22] Lutz Bierl. MSP430 Family Mixed-Signal Microcontroller Application Reports, 2000.
[23] Texas Instruments. MSP430x13x, MSP430x14x, MSP430x14x1 Mixed Signal Microcontrolier, 2004.
[24] Analog Devices Inc. CMOS,125MHz Complete DDS Synthesizer AD9850, 1999.
[25]梅文华,王淑波,邱永红,杜兴民.跳频通信.北京:国防工业出版社, 2005: 97~106.
[26] Wenqin Wang. Designing one high performance signal generator based on triple tuned algorithm. Microwave Conference Proceedings, 2005. Asia-Pacific Conference Proceedings, Vol 5, 4-7 Dec. 2005: 4 pp.
[27]王学伟等.电功率采样测量技术及其发展概况(J).电测与仪表, 2000年第4期.
[28]孙国银等.基于DSP的互感器二次负荷在线测试仪的研制.电测与仪表, 2002年第7期.
[29] HITACHI. H44780U(LCD-II) Dot Matrix Liquid Crystal Display Controller/Driver, 2001.
[30]李晶皎,刘天华,丁言镁.液晶显示器的C语言程序设计:Freescale8位微控制器.北京:科学出版社, 2005年4月第一版.
[31]肖金球.单片机原理与接口技术.北京:清华大学出版社, 2004年12月.
[32] Texas Instruments. Li-Ion Battery Charger solution using the MSP430, 2000.
[33]魏维伟,李杰.先进的锂电池线性充电管理芯片BQ2057应用.电子产品世界, 2002(10): 84~86.
[34] Texas Instruments. Advanced Li-Ion Linear Charge Management IC BQ2057, 2000.
[35] Linear Techology. Coulomb Counter/Battery Gas Gauge LTC4150, 2003.
[36] Texas Instruments. 96% Efficient Synchronous Boost Converter with 4A SwitchTPS610320, 2004.
[37]博控公司. AS(D)-1W/2W系列DC/DC转换器技术手册, 2001.
[38] National Semiconductor. LM1117 800mA Low-Dropout Linear Regulator, 1999.
[39] Eren, H. Recent technological progress in portable instruments. Sensors for Industry Conference, 2002. 2nd ISA/IEEE.
[40]徐晓磊,姜波,薛锦诚.单片机系统的低功耗设计与应用.电测与仪表, 2002, 37(10): 28~31.
[41]贺虎,秦建敏. MSP430的软硬件C延时程序设计..单片机与嵌入式系统应用, 2006(3):65~67.
[42]郭晓玉,鲍慧. MSP430低功耗运行模式原理及应用.单片机与嵌入式系统应用, 2005(12): 63~65.
[43]董怀武.误差理论在电磁测量中的应用.北京:机械工业出版社, 1986年9月第1版: 12~28.
[44]何圣静,高莉如.误差分析在电气测量中的应用.北京:水利电力出版社, 1989.6: 30~56.
[45]王宏宝.电子测量.北京:科学出版社, 2005.
[46]林占江.电子测量技术.北京:电子工业出版社, 2003.
[47] Robn B. Nodhrop. Introduction to Instrumentation and Measurement. Boca Raton New York, 1997.
[48]武汉豪迈电力自动化技术有限公司.继保之星继电保护测试系统使用说明书, 2002.5.
[49]邢增平. Protel99SE设计专家指导.北京:中国铁道出版社, 2004.
[50]刘光斌,刘冬,姚志成.单片机系统实用抗干扰技术.北京:人民邮电出版社, 2004.
[2]熊信银,张步涵.电力工程基础.武汉:华中科技大学出版社, 2003:243~254.
[3] ADI公司.先进的阻抗与电容转换器.世界电子元器件, 2006.03.
[4]周丽芹,刘建丽,王立红.便携式智能仪器仪表功能保证措施的研究.传感器与仪器仪表, 2004年第20卷第5期.
[5] Cebrian A, Rey J, Tormos A, Millet J. Adapting power consumption to performance requirements in a MSP430 microcontroller. Electron Devices, 2005 Spanish Conference on 2-4 Feb. 2005:83 - 86.
[6]李华,孙晓民,李红青. MCS-51系列单片机实用接口技术.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社, 1993: 133~148.
[7]朱欣华等.智能仪器原理与设计.北京:中国计量出版社, 2002年12月第1版.
[8]秦建民,曾水平. MSP430F149单片机在便携式智能仪器中的应用.微计算机信息, 2002年第18卷第12期.
[9]国家电网公司.预防电容器装置事故的技术措施, 2003.
[10]李立伟,邹积岩.新型双钳口接地电阻在线测量仪.电力系统自动化, 2003(14):83~89.
[11] Texas Instruments. MSP430x1xx Family User's Guide, 2004.
[12] Texas Instruments. CMOS Analog Multiplexers/Demultiplexers with Logic Level Conversion, 1998.
[13]吴忠义. OP07D运算放大器及其应用.电子技术应用, 1986(7):18~19.
[14] Texas Instruments. Dual Low Offset, Low Power Operational Amplifier OP200, 2002.
[15] Burr-Brown Corporation. Programmable Gain Instrumentation Amplifier PGA205, 1993.
[16]翟俊祥. PGA204/205可编程增益放大器的原理和应用.国外电子元器件, 1999年第5期.
[17]怯肇乾. IrDA器件及其应用电路设计.单片机与嵌入式系统应用, 2004年第7期.
[18]罗兆虹,詹学文,戴学安.红外通讯技术在电能表数据交换中的应用.电测与仪表,2002, (12):56~58.
[19] Vishay Semiconductors. HS0038B IR Receiver Modules for PCM Remote Control Systems, 2002.
[20] Jimenez M, Nunez-Arzuaga M. Implementing Irda on the Msp430: a project development under the undergraduate research/co-op education model. Frontiers in Education, 34th Annual, 2004: S1B/6 - S1B/9 Vol. 3.
[21]魏小龙. MSP430系列单片机接口技术及系统设计实例.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社, 2002:110~220.
[22] Lutz Bierl. MSP430 Family Mixed-Signal Microcontroller Application Reports, 2000.
[23] Texas Instruments. MSP430x13x, MSP430x14x, MSP430x14x1 Mixed Signal Microcontrolier, 2004.
[24] Analog Devices Inc. CMOS,125MHz Complete DDS Synthesizer AD9850, 1999.
[25]梅文华,王淑波,邱永红,杜兴民.跳频通信.北京:国防工业出版社, 2005: 97~106.
[26] Wenqin Wang. Designing one high performance signal generator based on triple tuned algorithm. Microwave Conference Proceedings, 2005. Asia-Pacific Conference Proceedings, Vol 5, 4-7 Dec. 2005: 4 pp.
[27]王学伟等.电功率采样测量技术及其发展概况(J).电测与仪表, 2000年第4期.
[28]孙国银等.基于DSP的互感器二次负荷在线测试仪的研制.电测与仪表, 2002年第7期.
[29] HITACHI. H44780U(LCD-II) Dot Matrix Liquid Crystal Display Controller/Driver, 2001.
[30]李晶皎,刘天华,丁言镁.液晶显示器的C语言程序设计:Freescale8位微控制器.北京:科学出版社, 2005年4月第一版.
[31]肖金球.单片机原理与接口技术.北京:清华大学出版社, 2004年12月.
[32] Texas Instruments. Li-Ion Battery Charger solution using the MSP430, 2000.
[33]魏维伟,李杰.先进的锂电池线性充电管理芯片BQ2057应用.电子产品世界, 2002(10): 84~86.
[34] Texas Instruments. Advanced Li-Ion Linear Charge Management IC BQ2057, 2000.
[35] Linear Techology. Coulomb Counter/Battery Gas Gauge LTC4150, 2003.
[36] Texas Instruments. 96% Efficient Synchronous Boost Converter with 4A SwitchTPS610320, 2004.
[37]博控公司. AS(D)-1W/2W系列DC/DC转换器技术手册, 2001.
[38] National Semiconductor. LM1117 800mA Low-Dropout Linear Regulator, 1999.
[39] Eren, H. Recent technological progress in portable instruments. Sensors for Industry Conference, 2002. 2nd ISA/IEEE.
[40]徐晓磊,姜波,薛锦诚.单片机系统的低功耗设计与应用.电测与仪表, 2002, 37(10): 28~31.
[41]贺虎,秦建敏. MSP430的软硬件C延时程序设计..单片机与嵌入式系统应用, 2006(3):65~67.
[42]郭晓玉,鲍慧. MSP430低功耗运行模式原理及应用.单片机与嵌入式系统应用, 2005(12): 63~65.
[43]董怀武.误差理论在电磁测量中的应用.北京:机械工业出版社, 1986年9月第1版: 12~28.
[44]何圣静,高莉如.误差分析在电气测量中的应用.北京:水利电力出版社, 1989.6: 30~56.
[45]王宏宝.电子测量.北京:科学出版社, 2005.
[46]林占江.电子测量技术.北京:电子工业出版社, 2003.
[47] Robn B. Nodhrop. Introduction to Instrumentation and Measurement. Boca Raton New York, 1997.
[48]武汉豪迈电力自动化技术有限公司.继保之星继电保护测试系统使用说明书, 2002.5.
[49]邢增平. Protel99SE设计专家指导.北京:中国铁道出版社, 2004.
[50]刘光斌,刘冬,姚志成.单片机系统实用抗干扰技术.北京:人民邮电出版社, 2004.