大倾角煤层走向长壁综采工作面系统可靠性研究
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摘要
近十多年来,随着深部煤层和倾角较大煤层开采力度的加大和综采技术的发展,我国大倾角煤层(35°～55°)开采矿井数目逐年增多,产量增大,经济效益提高。
我国对综采工作面系统可靠性的研究较多,但所研究的成果多见于缓斜煤层,对大倾角煤层走向长壁综采工作面的研究重点是设备选型,在可靠性方面研究较少,虽然在综采设备方面有了很大的进步,但由于大倾角煤层开采环境的复杂性,开采过程中存在诸多不可靠因素,主要包括人、机(设备)和环境三个方面。人员不可靠性主要表现在人的自身及设备的操作、维护和组织管理等方面;设备不可靠性主要表现在液压支架易失稳而导致支护系统可靠性差,倒、滑、挤、咬架问题严重,以及采煤机、刮板输送机下滑;环境方面主要表现在煤层顶板难以管理,底板下滑易造成支架失稳、倒架事故;煤矸自溜性强,冲击力大,易造成飞块伤人,损坏支架,砸坏设备等。为了使大倾角煤层的开采更安全、可靠,应加强对大倾角煤层综采工作面的可靠性研究。
本文从人-机-环境三个方面,阐述了在大倾角煤层特殊开采条件下,走向长壁综采工作面各子系统的不可靠因素及故障机理,通过与缓倾斜煤层工作面系统不可靠因素对比,建立操作人员Pedersen可靠性模型和环境因素可靠性模型,运用层次分析法分析得出主导因素,并通过模糊数学计算其模糊可靠度和有效度;基于结构可靠性理论,分析支护系统、采煤机和刮板输送机综采设备的结构可靠性,建立支架下滑、倾倒极限状态方程和结构可靠性模型,计算结构可靠度指标,由此得出支架在额定工作阻力下,调整支架结构参数可降低支架下滑、倾倒趋势,提高支架稳定结构可靠度;基于故障树原理,建立大倾角煤层综采工作面系统故障树,对人、机、环境三方面及整体分析,得出导致系统故障的主要因素,并针对长壁综采因素提出提高系统可靠性措施。以四川省华蓥山矿务局绿水洞煤矿大倾角煤层6134试采工作面为实例,运用本文研究方法,计算的可靠度与实际可靠度基本吻合。文中大倾角煤层不可靠因素的研究分析及提出的相关建议,为以大倾角煤层为主采煤层的煤矿,提高综采工作面系统可靠性提供参考。
In the recent years, with the continues increasing exploitation of deep and the inclination larger coal seam, and the development of modern fully-mechanized coal mining technology, the Coal mines of mining pitched seam (35°~ 55°) in China are increasing, annual yield is enlarging, and benefit is improving.
Our research more on the reliability of the system of fully-mechanized mining faces. However, the research results confined to the gently inclined seam, but the research focus of fully-mechanized longwall along strike of pitched seam is devoted to equipment selection, the study on reliability is very lack in China. Although, fully-mechanized mining makes great progress, the pitched seam mining conditions is very complexity, there are lots of unreliable factors in mining process. It mainly includes three aspects of human, equipment and environment. Firstly, human subsystem unreliable factors contains human behavior, operating machines and manpower organization and management, etc.. Secondly, machine subsystem unreliable factors are that unstable powered support may lead to reliability of support system is lack, specially the serious problem is inverted, slip, extrusion or“bite”powered support each other and a shearer and a AFC(Armored Face Conveyor) slip. Finally, environment subsystem unreliable factors are that roof is very difficult management; floor downslide results in powered support unstable and the collapsing accident of support, coal and gangue are self-slide and strongly impulsive force, the rock is easily to hurt workers, impact support and hack up equipment. In order to improve the reliability and safety of coal mining, the coal mine of pitched seam should be strengthened the reliability study of coal mining face of full-mechanized longwall along strike of pitched seam.
This paper demonstrate the unreliable factors of fully mechanized longwall mining face of the subsystems and fault mechanism under the steeply dipping seam special mining conditions from the three aspects of person - machine - the environment. and compared the unreliable factors of subsystem with the gently inclined coal seam mining face, it establish the Pedersen model and the factor of environment model, analyses the dominant factor with AHP(Analytical Hierarchy Process) and calculates the fuzzy reliability and validity with the method of fuzzy comprehensive; it analyze the structure reliability of the main fully-mechanized mining equipment, support system, shearer and scraper conveyor which easy unbalance ,using the method of structure reliability, and establish the support system limit state equations of structural stability and the model of structural reliability in order to estimate the index of structure reliability, the adjustment of structural parameters can reduce the trend of support inverted and slip and improve structural reliability of support; establish the reliability calculation method of the fully-mechanized longwall along strike pitched seam mining face system of the human-machine-environment; according the principle of fault tree, analysis the fault factors of system step by step for the coal mining face form the human-machine-environment, analysis the improvement methods of the optimal reliability of system. An engineering example of the fully-mechanized mining face of 6134 has been verified in Liushuidong Coal Mine of HuaYing Mountain, using the paper’s method, which result of calculation is approximate same as the actual measurement. The research and advice of this paper has conference significance to improve system reliability of Coal mines whose main coal seam is pitched seam.
我国对综采工作面系统可靠性的研究较多,但所研究的成果多见于缓斜煤层,对大倾角煤层走向长壁综采工作面的研究重点是设备选型,在可靠性方面研究较少,虽然在综采设备方面有了很大的进步,但由于大倾角煤层开采环境的复杂性,开采过程中存在诸多不可靠因素,主要包括人、机(设备)和环境三个方面。人员不可靠性主要表现在人的自身及设备的操作、维护和组织管理等方面;设备不可靠性主要表现在液压支架易失稳而导致支护系统可靠性差,倒、滑、挤、咬架问题严重,以及采煤机、刮板输送机下滑;环境方面主要表现在煤层顶板难以管理,底板下滑易造成支架失稳、倒架事故;煤矸自溜性强,冲击力大,易造成飞块伤人,损坏支架,砸坏设备等。为了使大倾角煤层的开采更安全、可靠,应加强对大倾角煤层综采工作面的可靠性研究。
本文从人-机-环境三个方面,阐述了在大倾角煤层特殊开采条件下,走向长壁综采工作面各子系统的不可靠因素及故障机理,通过与缓倾斜煤层工作面系统不可靠因素对比,建立操作人员Pedersen可靠性模型和环境因素可靠性模型,运用层次分析法分析得出主导因素,并通过模糊数学计算其模糊可靠度和有效度;基于结构可靠性理论,分析支护系统、采煤机和刮板输送机综采设备的结构可靠性,建立支架下滑、倾倒极限状态方程和结构可靠性模型,计算结构可靠度指标,由此得出支架在额定工作阻力下,调整支架结构参数可降低支架下滑、倾倒趋势,提高支架稳定结构可靠度;基于故障树原理,建立大倾角煤层综采工作面系统故障树,对人、机、环境三方面及整体分析,得出导致系统故障的主要因素,并针对长壁综采因素提出提高系统可靠性措施。以四川省华蓥山矿务局绿水洞煤矿大倾角煤层6134试采工作面为实例,运用本文研究方法,计算的可靠度与实际可靠度基本吻合。文中大倾角煤层不可靠因素的研究分析及提出的相关建议,为以大倾角煤层为主采煤层的煤矿,提高综采工作面系统可靠性提供参考。
In the recent years, with the continues increasing exploitation of deep and the inclination larger coal seam, and the development of modern fully-mechanized coal mining technology, the Coal mines of mining pitched seam (35°~ 55°) in China are increasing, annual yield is enlarging, and benefit is improving.
Our research more on the reliability of the system of fully-mechanized mining faces. However, the research results confined to the gently inclined seam, but the research focus of fully-mechanized longwall along strike of pitched seam is devoted to equipment selection, the study on reliability is very lack in China. Although, fully-mechanized mining makes great progress, the pitched seam mining conditions is very complexity, there are lots of unreliable factors in mining process. It mainly includes three aspects of human, equipment and environment. Firstly, human subsystem unreliable factors contains human behavior, operating machines and manpower organization and management, etc.. Secondly, machine subsystem unreliable factors are that unstable powered support may lead to reliability of support system is lack, specially the serious problem is inverted, slip, extrusion or“bite”powered support each other and a shearer and a AFC(Armored Face Conveyor) slip. Finally, environment subsystem unreliable factors are that roof is very difficult management; floor downslide results in powered support unstable and the collapsing accident of support, coal and gangue are self-slide and strongly impulsive force, the rock is easily to hurt workers, impact support and hack up equipment. In order to improve the reliability and safety of coal mining, the coal mine of pitched seam should be strengthened the reliability study of coal mining face of full-mechanized longwall along strike of pitched seam.
This paper demonstrate the unreliable factors of fully mechanized longwall mining face of the subsystems and fault mechanism under the steeply dipping seam special mining conditions from the three aspects of person - machine - the environment. and compared the unreliable factors of subsystem with the gently inclined coal seam mining face, it establish the Pedersen model and the factor of environment model, analyses the dominant factor with AHP(Analytical Hierarchy Process) and calculates the fuzzy reliability and validity with the method of fuzzy comprehensive; it analyze the structure reliability of the main fully-mechanized mining equipment, support system, shearer and scraper conveyor which easy unbalance ,using the method of structure reliability, and establish the support system limit state equations of structural stability and the model of structural reliability in order to estimate the index of structure reliability, the adjustment of structural parameters can reduce the trend of support inverted and slip and improve structural reliability of support; establish the reliability calculation method of the fully-mechanized longwall along strike pitched seam mining face system of the human-machine-environment; according the principle of fault tree, analysis the fault factors of system step by step for the coal mining face form the human-machine-environment, analysis the improvement methods of the optimal reliability of system. An engineering example of the fully-mechanized mining face of 6134 has been verified in Liushuidong Coal Mine of HuaYing Mountain, using the paper’s method, which result of calculation is approximate same as the actual measurement. The research and advice of this paper has conference significance to improve system reliability of Coal mines whose main coal seam is pitched seam.
引文
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