水及联氨溶液中NC30Fe合金的微动磨损特性研究
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摘要
核电蒸汽发生器传热管与支撑板之间的微动损伤,是蒸汽发生器传热管破损失效和能量损失的主要原因之一。研究蒸汽发生器传热管材NC30Fe合金在水和联氨溶液中的微动磨损特性及损伤机理,对于运用微动摩擦学理论,分析解决传热管微动损伤问题,提高核电装备安全保障水平具有实际意义。
本文采用PLINT高温微动磨损试验机,在室温(20-25℃)、50℃和80℃,法向载荷Fn为20N、50N和100N,位移幅值D为100m、150μm和200μm,频率f为2Hz,循环次数为20000次,研究干态、水及联氨溶液中NC30Fe与1Cr13不锈钢的微动磨损特性及损伤机理；使用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、电子能谱仪(EDX)、X射线能谱仪(XPS)和NanoMap500DLS双模式轮廓仪等,对摩擦系数、磨痕截面、磨痕断面及磨屑等进行分析。获得以下主要研究结果：
(1) NC30Fe合金在设定试验条件下,微动运行特性曲线(Ft-D)呈现平行四边形,微动均处于滑移区,微动磨损显著。
(2)在水及联氨溶液中,随着温度升高,摩擦系数增大,磨损量增加,损伤加剧。
(3)室温时,水及联氨溶液较干态明显降低了稳态摩擦系数,水中稳态摩擦系数较联氨溶液低；水及联氨溶液的润滑作用明显减轻了材料的摩擦与磨损,水的润滑及减磨作用优于联氨溶液。
(4)干态时的磨损机制主要表现为摩擦氧化、磨粒磨损及剥层的共同作用；水及联氨溶液中的磨损机制主要表现为磨粒磨损和剥层的共同作用。
(5)干态时磨屑中的氧化物主要有：Ni2O3、NiO、Cr2O3和Fe203；水中,室温时磨屑中的氧化物主要有：Cr2O3、Cr(OH)3和FeOOH,50℃时磨屑中的氧化物主要有：Ni(OH)2、Cr2O3、Cr(OH)3和FeOOH,80℃时磨屑中的氧化物主要有：Ni(OH)2、NiO、Cr2O3、Cr(OH)3和Fe203；联氨溶液中,室温时磨屑中的氧化物主要有：Cr2O3、Cr(OH)3和FeOOH,50℃时磨屑中的氧化物主要有：Ni(OH)2、NiO、Cr2O3、Cr(OH)3和FeOOH,80℃时磨屑中的氧化物主要有：Ni2O3、 Cr2O3、Cr(OH)、FeO和Fe203/Fe304。
Fretting damage between the nuclear steam generator tubes and support plates has become one of the main reasons for breakage failure of steam generator tubes and energy loss. Therefore the study of fretting wear behavior of NC30Fe alloy in distilled water and hydrazine solution has practical significance for analyzing and solving the fretting damage of heat transfer tubes and improving the level of nuclear power equipment security by using the fretting wear theory.
PLINT high temperature fretting wear test rig was used to investigate the fretting damage characteristic and mechanism of NC30Fe alloy in ambient, distilled water and hydrazine solution against1Cr13steel under the following conditions:the normal load (Fn) of20N,50N and100N respectively, the displacement amplitude (D) of100μm,150μm and200μm respectively at constant frequency (f) of2Hz, number of cycles (N) of2×104. The setting temperature were room temperature (20～25℃),50℃,80℃. The aqueous medium was distilled water and hydrazine solution respectively. Friction coefficient, worn surface, cross-section of wear scar and debris were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray electron spectrometer, energy dispersive X-ray detector (EDX), and NanoMap500DLS dual-mode profilermeter after fretting wear tests. The following conclusions were obtained:
(1) All the fretting logs under setting tests conditions were parallelogram which demonstrated that fretting logs were running in the slip regime and fretting wear was significant.
(2) The friction coefficient and wear capacity in distilled water and hydrazine solution increased and the fretting damage became serious with temperature increased.
(3) The friction coefficient in distilled water or hydrazine solution was decreased obviously compared with ambient, but it in distilled water was lowest. In comparison to ambient, the wear was lightened in distilled water or hydrazine solution significantly, but it was more serious in hydrazine solution than that in distilled water.
(4) The abrasive wear, friction oxidation and delamination were the main wear mechanism of NC30Fe in ambient. However, in distilled water or hydrazine solution the abrasive wear and delamination were the main wear mechanisms of NC30Fe.
(5) In ambient the main oxides of debris were Ni2O3, NiO, Cr2O3and Fe2O3at room temperature. In distilled water the main oxides of debris were Cr2O3, Cr(OH)3and FeOOH at room temperature, the main oxides of debris were Ni(OH)2,Cr2O3,Cr(OH)3and FeOOH at50℃, and the main oxides of debris were Ni(OH)2, NiO, Cr2O3, Cr(OH)3and Fe2O3at80℃.In hydrazine solution the main oxides of debris were Cr2O3, Cr(OH)3and FeOOH at room temperature, the main oxides of debris were Ni(OH)2, NiO, Cr2O3, Cr(OH)3and FeOOH at50℃, the main oxides of debris were Ni2O3, Cr2O3, Cr(OH)3, FeO and Fe2O3/Fe3O4at80℃.
本文采用PLINT高温微动磨损试验机,在室温(20-25℃)、50℃和80℃,法向载荷Fn为20N、50N和100N,位移幅值D为100m、150μm和200μm,频率f为2Hz,循环次数为20000次,研究干态、水及联氨溶液中NC30Fe与1Cr13不锈钢的微动磨损特性及损伤机理；使用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、电子能谱仪(EDX)、X射线能谱仪(XPS)和NanoMap500DLS双模式轮廓仪等,对摩擦系数、磨痕截面、磨痕断面及磨屑等进行分析。获得以下主要研究结果：
(1) NC30Fe合金在设定试验条件下,微动运行特性曲线(Ft-D)呈现平行四边形,微动均处于滑移区,微动磨损显著。
(2)在水及联氨溶液中,随着温度升高,摩擦系数增大,磨损量增加,损伤加剧。
(3)室温时,水及联氨溶液较干态明显降低了稳态摩擦系数,水中稳态摩擦系数较联氨溶液低；水及联氨溶液的润滑作用明显减轻了材料的摩擦与磨损,水的润滑及减磨作用优于联氨溶液。
(4)干态时的磨损机制主要表现为摩擦氧化、磨粒磨损及剥层的共同作用；水及联氨溶液中的磨损机制主要表现为磨粒磨损和剥层的共同作用。
(5)干态时磨屑中的氧化物主要有：Ni2O3、NiO、Cr2O3和Fe203；水中,室温时磨屑中的氧化物主要有：Cr2O3、Cr(OH)3和FeOOH,50℃时磨屑中的氧化物主要有：Ni(OH)2、Cr2O3、Cr(OH)3和FeOOH,80℃时磨屑中的氧化物主要有：Ni(OH)2、NiO、Cr2O3、Cr(OH)3和Fe203；联氨溶液中,室温时磨屑中的氧化物主要有：Cr2O3、Cr(OH)3和FeOOH,50℃时磨屑中的氧化物主要有：Ni(OH)2、NiO、Cr2O3、Cr(OH)3和FeOOH,80℃时磨屑中的氧化物主要有：Ni2O3、 Cr2O3、Cr(OH)、FeO和Fe203/Fe304。
Fretting damage between the nuclear steam generator tubes and support plates has become one of the main reasons for breakage failure of steam generator tubes and energy loss. Therefore the study of fretting wear behavior of NC30Fe alloy in distilled water and hydrazine solution has practical significance for analyzing and solving the fretting damage of heat transfer tubes and improving the level of nuclear power equipment security by using the fretting wear theory.
PLINT high temperature fretting wear test rig was used to investigate the fretting damage characteristic and mechanism of NC30Fe alloy in ambient, distilled water and hydrazine solution against1Cr13steel under the following conditions:the normal load (Fn) of20N,50N and100N respectively, the displacement amplitude (D) of100μm,150μm and200μm respectively at constant frequency (f) of2Hz, number of cycles (N) of2×104. The setting temperature were room temperature (20～25℃),50℃,80℃. The aqueous medium was distilled water and hydrazine solution respectively. Friction coefficient, worn surface, cross-section of wear scar and debris were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray electron spectrometer, energy dispersive X-ray detector (EDX), and NanoMap500DLS dual-mode profilermeter after fretting wear tests. The following conclusions were obtained:
(1) All the fretting logs under setting tests conditions were parallelogram which demonstrated that fretting logs were running in the slip regime and fretting wear was significant.
(2) The friction coefficient and wear capacity in distilled water and hydrazine solution increased and the fretting damage became serious with temperature increased.
(3) The friction coefficient in distilled water or hydrazine solution was decreased obviously compared with ambient, but it in distilled water was lowest. In comparison to ambient, the wear was lightened in distilled water or hydrazine solution significantly, but it was more serious in hydrazine solution than that in distilled water.
(4) The abrasive wear, friction oxidation and delamination were the main wear mechanism of NC30Fe in ambient. However, in distilled water or hydrazine solution the abrasive wear and delamination were the main wear mechanisms of NC30Fe.
(5) In ambient the main oxides of debris were Ni2O3, NiO, Cr2O3and Fe2O3at room temperature. In distilled water the main oxides of debris were Cr2O3, Cr(OH)3and FeOOH at room temperature, the main oxides of debris were Ni(OH)2,Cr2O3,Cr(OH)3and FeOOH at50℃, and the main oxides of debris were Ni(OH)2, NiO, Cr2O3, Cr(OH)3and Fe2O3at80℃.In hydrazine solution the main oxides of debris were Cr2O3, Cr(OH)3and FeOOH at room temperature, the main oxides of debris were Ni(OH)2, NiO, Cr2O3, Cr(OH)3and FeOOH at50℃, the main oxides of debris were Ni2O3, Cr2O3, Cr(OH)3, FeO and Fe2O3/Fe3O4at80℃.
引文
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[3]周仲荣,罗唯力,刘家浚.微动摩擦学的现状与发展趋势[J].摩擦学报,1997,17(3)：272～282.
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[5]唐辉.世界核电设备与结构将长期面临的一个问题—微动磨损[J].核动力工程,2000,21(3)：222-23 1.
[6]Eden E M, Rose W N, Cunningham F L. The endurance of metals. Proc. Mech. Eng.,1911,4:839～974.
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[9]E. J. Warlow-Davies. Fretting corrosion and fatigue strength:brief results of preliminary experiments. ARCHIV: Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers,1941,146:32～38.
[10]Mindlin, R. D. Compliance of elastic bodies in contact [J] J. Appl. Mech, 1949,16:259-268.
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