陕北地区枣树POD同功酶和核型研究
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摘要
本研究以陕北地区分布的72个枣树(Ziziphus jujube )品种为研究对象,以叶片为材料、采用聚丙烯酰胺不连续凝胶电泳系统开展了POD同工酶分析,并依据POD同工酶分析结果,运用模糊聚类法对不同用途枣品种进行了分类;以枣树水培芽为材料,采用酸解去壁低渗法和改良苯酚品红整体染色技术进行了染色体核型分析。得出如下主要结果:
1、对陕北区内分布的9个酸枣品种、16个鲜食枣品种、20个鲜食制干兼用枣品种和27个制干枣品种共72个品种的POD同工酶研究结果表明:9个酸枣品种共表现出10条不同Rf值的酶带,其中两条是供试样品的特征酶带;16个鲜食品种表现出9条不同Rf值的酶带,其中扁圆团枣表现出三条酶带,其他的品种均表现出两条不同的酶带;20个鲜食制干兼用品种表现出12条不同Rf值的酶带,这一组样品中0.3≤Rf≤0.5之间分布的酶带比较集中;27个制干枣属品种共表现出18条不同Rf值的酶带。
2、对不同用途的枣品种进行模糊聚类分析的结果表明:9个酸枣品种可分为二个类群;16个鲜食品种分成三个类群,其中二、三类群的关系较近,第三类群7号样品接近野生型;20个兼用品种可分为四个不同的类群,其中第二、三类关系较近,前三类和第四类关系较远,第四类群中的8号样品表现出野生型性状;27个制干品种可分成五个类群,其中第一、二类群关系最近。
3、核型分析结果表明:72个品种枣树的染色体数目均为2n=24,95%置信区间检验最低为64.1%,最高为100%。狗头枣的染色体核型公式为2n=2x=24=5m+5sm+2st。染色体长度变化范围在0.6516 ~1.4222um之间,全组染色体总长度是11.0263um。平均长度是0.9188um,最长染色体与最短染色体之比为2.1826,臂比变化范围介于4.031~1.0812,臂比大于2:1的染色体有5、6、8三组,占全组染色体的25%。核型属于2B型。
木枣核型公式为2n=2x=24=6m+6sm。染色体长度变化范围在0.6213 ~1.4125um之间,全组染色体总长度是11.2121um,平均长度是0.9343um,最长染色体与最短染色体之比为2.2734,臂比变化范围介于1.3914~2.3688,臂比大于2:1的染色体有5、8、12三组,占全组染色体的25%,核型属于2B型。
This study used 72 jujube varieties which distributed in Northern Shanxi as research object, with leaves as the materials, using polycrylamide gel electrophoresis to research POD isozyme. meanwhile, Based on the result of POD isozyme analysis, took the classification analysis of jujubes which in different use by using fuzzy cluster. With water culture budes as the materials, took karyotype analysis by using wall digested with acid and low osmotic method and improved phenol-fuchsin whole dyeing technology. The main conclusions of the study are summarized as follows:
1. The Peroxidase Isozymes of 72 jujube varieties, including 9 Zizypus sp inosus Hu, 27 for making dry fruit, 16 for fresh consumption and another 20 for both usages, gathered from Northern Shanxi were analysed in the study, The results showed that: The Zizypus sp inosus Hu varieties showed 10 different Rf bands of POD isozymes, with 2 bands as the characteristic bands of all meterials used in this investigation; The jujube for fresh consumption showed 9 different Rf bands, Bianyuantuanzao 3, the others have 2 different Rf bands. The jujube for both usages 12, most bands of this group appeared in 0.3≤Rf≤0.5. The jujube for making dry fruit 18 .
2. The classification analysis of jujube varieties by fuzzy cluster showed that: Zizypus sp inosus Hu can be divided into 2 groups, The jujube for fresh consumption can be divided into 3 groups: the consanguinity of the group 2 ,3 was close , while the seventh of group 3 was closely relative to the wild type. The jujuube for both usages can be divided into 4 groups: the consanguinity of the group1, 2 and 3 was much closer than with group 4, especially the group2 and 3, the eighth of group 4 even showed some characteristic of wild type . The jujube for making dry fruit can be divided into 5 groups: consanguinity of the group 1 and group 2 were closer than with other group .
3. The results of karyotype analysis according to the standard described by LI Maoxue and Chen Ruiyang ,the chromosome number of all jujube varieties investigated was 2n=24, and the max was 100% and the min was 64.1% by 95% confidence. The karyotype type of Goutouzao was 2B, the karyotype formila was 2n=2x=24=15m+5sm+2st. The lengthes of chromosomes varied from 0.6516μm to 1.4222μm.The length of total chromosomes was 11.0263μm, The average length of twelve chromosome pairs was 0.9188μm, the length ratio of the longest to the shortest was 2.1826, the range of arm ratio was 4.031~1.0812, the chromosomes with arm ratio beyond 2∶1 were No 5, 6 and 8, taking about 25% of all chromosomes.
The karyotype type of Muzao was 2B, the karyotype formula was 2n=2x=24=6m+6sm. The lengthes of chromosomes varied from 0.6213μm to 1.4125μm. The length of total chromosomes was 11.2121μm, The average length of twelve chromosome pairs was 0.9343μm. The length ratio of the longest to the shortest was 2.2734,the range of arm ratio is 1.3914~2.3688, the chromosomes with arm ratio beyond 2∶1 was the No 5, 8 and 12, which took up 25% of all chromosomes.
1、对陕北区内分布的9个酸枣品种、16个鲜食枣品种、20个鲜食制干兼用枣品种和27个制干枣品种共72个品种的POD同工酶研究结果表明:9个酸枣品种共表现出10条不同Rf值的酶带,其中两条是供试样品的特征酶带;16个鲜食品种表现出9条不同Rf值的酶带,其中扁圆团枣表现出三条酶带,其他的品种均表现出两条不同的酶带;20个鲜食制干兼用品种表现出12条不同Rf值的酶带,这一组样品中0.3≤Rf≤0.5之间分布的酶带比较集中;27个制干枣属品种共表现出18条不同Rf值的酶带。
2、对不同用途的枣品种进行模糊聚类分析的结果表明:9个酸枣品种可分为二个类群;16个鲜食品种分成三个类群,其中二、三类群的关系较近,第三类群7号样品接近野生型;20个兼用品种可分为四个不同的类群,其中第二、三类关系较近,前三类和第四类关系较远,第四类群中的8号样品表现出野生型性状;27个制干品种可分成五个类群,其中第一、二类群关系最近。
3、核型分析结果表明:72个品种枣树的染色体数目均为2n=24,95%置信区间检验最低为64.1%,最高为100%。狗头枣的染色体核型公式为2n=2x=24=5m+5sm+2st。染色体长度变化范围在0.6516 ~1.4222um之间,全组染色体总长度是11.0263um。平均长度是0.9188um,最长染色体与最短染色体之比为2.1826,臂比变化范围介于4.031~1.0812,臂比大于2:1的染色体有5、6、8三组,占全组染色体的25%。核型属于2B型。
木枣核型公式为2n=2x=24=6m+6sm。染色体长度变化范围在0.6213 ~1.4125um之间,全组染色体总长度是11.2121um,平均长度是0.9343um,最长染色体与最短染色体之比为2.2734,臂比变化范围介于1.3914~2.3688,臂比大于2:1的染色体有5、8、12三组,占全组染色体的25%,核型属于2B型。
This study used 72 jujube varieties which distributed in Northern Shanxi as research object, with leaves as the materials, using polycrylamide gel electrophoresis to research POD isozyme. meanwhile, Based on the result of POD isozyme analysis, took the classification analysis of jujubes which in different use by using fuzzy cluster. With water culture budes as the materials, took karyotype analysis by using wall digested with acid and low osmotic method and improved phenol-fuchsin whole dyeing technology. The main conclusions of the study are summarized as follows:
1. The Peroxidase Isozymes of 72 jujube varieties, including 9 Zizypus sp inosus Hu, 27 for making dry fruit, 16 for fresh consumption and another 20 for both usages, gathered from Northern Shanxi were analysed in the study, The results showed that: The Zizypus sp inosus Hu varieties showed 10 different Rf bands of POD isozymes, with 2 bands as the characteristic bands of all meterials used in this investigation; The jujube for fresh consumption showed 9 different Rf bands, Bianyuantuanzao 3, the others have 2 different Rf bands. The jujube for both usages 12, most bands of this group appeared in 0.3≤Rf≤0.5. The jujube for making dry fruit 18 .
2. The classification analysis of jujube varieties by fuzzy cluster showed that: Zizypus sp inosus Hu can be divided into 2 groups, The jujube for fresh consumption can be divided into 3 groups: the consanguinity of the group 2 ,3 was close , while the seventh of group 3 was closely relative to the wild type. The jujuube for both usages can be divided into 4 groups: the consanguinity of the group1, 2 and 3 was much closer than with group 4, especially the group2 and 3, the eighth of group 4 even showed some characteristic of wild type . The jujube for making dry fruit can be divided into 5 groups: consanguinity of the group 1 and group 2 were closer than with other group .
3. The results of karyotype analysis according to the standard described by LI Maoxue and Chen Ruiyang ,the chromosome number of all jujube varieties investigated was 2n=24, and the max was 100% and the min was 64.1% by 95% confidence. The karyotype type of Goutouzao was 2B, the karyotype formila was 2n=2x=24=15m+5sm+2st. The lengthes of chromosomes varied from 0.6516μm to 1.4222μm.The length of total chromosomes was 11.0263μm, The average length of twelve chromosome pairs was 0.9188μm, the length ratio of the longest to the shortest was 2.1826, the range of arm ratio was 4.031~1.0812, the chromosomes with arm ratio beyond 2∶1 were No 5, 6 and 8, taking about 25% of all chromosomes.
The karyotype type of Muzao was 2B, the karyotype formula was 2n=2x=24=6m+6sm. The lengthes of chromosomes varied from 0.6213μm to 1.4125μm. The length of total chromosomes was 11.2121μm, The average length of twelve chromosome pairs was 0.9343μm. The length ratio of the longest to the shortest was 2.2734,the range of arm ratio is 1.3914~2.3688, the chromosomes with arm ratio beyond 2∶1 was the No 5, 8 and 12, which took up 25% of all chromosomes.
引文
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