榆叶梅新品种DUS测试指南及已知品种数据库的研究
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摘要
榆叶梅(Prunus triloba Lindle.)隶属于蔷薇科李属,是我国特产花木,以花团锦簇,显现北国明媚春光为特长,深受人们的喜欢,且其抗性强,很适合在“三北”地区栽培。榆叶梅在欧、美、大洋洲很多国家也有露地栽培,用来装点园林。目前,我国的榆叶梅品种繁多,尚未完成品种资源的清查;也没有制定榆叶梅新品种的测试指南和已知品种数据库。针对上述情况,本研究对现有的榆叶梅品种进行实地调查,并利用孢粉学和分子系统学对榆叶梅品种进行分析,在此基础上制定榆叶梅新品种的DUS测试指南和已知品种数据库。主要结果如下:
1.完成了对东北(哈尔滨、长春、沈阳)、西北(银川、兰州、西宁)、华北(北京、太原、呼和浩特)等地区的公园、大学、植物园、城市主要街道绿地的榆叶梅品种的调查,对这些榆叶梅品种进行了详细的形态学研究,整理75个品种。
2.研究了75个榆叶梅品种的花粉形态,榆叶梅花粉粒为长球形或超长球形,具三孔沟。根据穿孔的数量、形状以及条纹的排列情况,可以将榆叶梅花粉外壁纹饰分为穴状、条纹状纹饰和条纹状纹饰带穿孔三种类型。榆叶梅品种间花粉形态类似,但外壁纹饰、条纹排列情况等有较明显差异,可以作为区分品种的辅助依据。
3.建立了榆叶梅的AFLP银染反应体系,利用EcoRⅠ—MseⅠ进行双酶切得到了5对引物清晰的榆叶梅品种的AFLP指纹图谱。通过AFLP结果对榆叶梅品种的DNA图谱进行了聚类分析,获得的结果揭示了各个榆叶梅品种之间的亲缘关系以及在分类上的系统位置。
4.首次建立起榆叶梅新品种的DUS测试指南及已知品种数据库。参考UPOV制定的梅花新品种DUS测试指南,同时参照我国现有榆叶梅品种的性状描述,确定了榆叶梅品种性状表,榆叶梅品种的测试性状共有29个,可分为必测性状和辅助性状,其中必测性状11个,补充性状18个。
形态学、孢粉学及分子系统学研究的结论基本一致,这为榆叶梅优良品种的选育,新品种保护,种质资源的保护利用和亲缘关系的系列研究,以及榆叶梅新品种的特异性、一致性和稳定性的测试指南和已知品种数据库的完善奠定了理论基础。
Prunus triloba is only distributed in China. It has a broad prospect for landscape application not only for their beauty but also for their resistance. However, the classification of its Prunus triloba varieties is in a state of confusion.Based on the systematic investigation of the existing species and varieties of flowering almond (Prunus triloba) in China in detail,palynology and molecular biology are used to analyze the relationship of variety resources of Prunus triloba and a new classification system of Chinese Prunus triloba is put forward and the DUS test guideline to new varieties and database to existing varieties of Prunus triloba are set up. The main results were as follows:
1.Based on thorough investigation and research in main planted area of China, All of them are found in Northeast China(Haerbin,Changchun,Shenyang), Northwest China(Yinchuan,Lanzhou, Xining) and North China (Beijing, Taiyuan,Huhehaote). The morphological characters of the existing varieties were checked, corrected and named, The detailed investigation and classifying for flowering almond (Prunus triloba) according to the varieties of flowering almond in the areas above, 75 varieties are found.
2.Pollen morphology of 75 Prunus triloba varieties in China is examined under scanning electron microscope.The normal pollen grains are varied from prolate to perprolate in shape.The number of apertures are 3 which belonged to the colp-orate type and the extine ornamentation can be divided into three groups:foveolate group,striate group and striate- foveolate group.The pollen characteristics of these varieties are differed in perforate diameters and extine ornamentatation,so they could provide scientific bases for variety and identification of Prunus triloba varieties.
3.By using EcoRⅠ—MseⅠdigest and 5 primers,a suitable sliver-stainning AFLP system for Prunus triloba is developed.Clear DNA fingerprints are obtained,which mean success in DNA extraction,restriction-ligase reaction,double amplication,and the staining techniques.
4. Based on above work and UPOV documents, the DUS testing guidelines to new varieties and database to existing varieties of Prunus triloba are set up.
The objective of this study was to provide scientific bases for establishment of Prunus triloba varieties selection and breeding of eminent varieties,seeking and conservation of new varieties,and for protection and usage of genetic resources and their relationships in Prunus triloba and the Test Guidline to New Varieties on Distinctness, Uniformity and Stability(DUS)of Prunus triloba L. and the database to the known varieties.
1.完成了对东北(哈尔滨、长春、沈阳)、西北(银川、兰州、西宁)、华北(北京、太原、呼和浩特)等地区的公园、大学、植物园、城市主要街道绿地的榆叶梅品种的调查,对这些榆叶梅品种进行了详细的形态学研究,整理75个品种。
2.研究了75个榆叶梅品种的花粉形态,榆叶梅花粉粒为长球形或超长球形,具三孔沟。根据穿孔的数量、形状以及条纹的排列情况,可以将榆叶梅花粉外壁纹饰分为穴状、条纹状纹饰和条纹状纹饰带穿孔三种类型。榆叶梅品种间花粉形态类似,但外壁纹饰、条纹排列情况等有较明显差异,可以作为区分品种的辅助依据。
3.建立了榆叶梅的AFLP银染反应体系,利用EcoRⅠ—MseⅠ进行双酶切得到了5对引物清晰的榆叶梅品种的AFLP指纹图谱。通过AFLP结果对榆叶梅品种的DNA图谱进行了聚类分析,获得的结果揭示了各个榆叶梅品种之间的亲缘关系以及在分类上的系统位置。
4.首次建立起榆叶梅新品种的DUS测试指南及已知品种数据库。参考UPOV制定的梅花新品种DUS测试指南,同时参照我国现有榆叶梅品种的性状描述,确定了榆叶梅品种性状表,榆叶梅品种的测试性状共有29个,可分为必测性状和辅助性状,其中必测性状11个,补充性状18个。
形态学、孢粉学及分子系统学研究的结论基本一致,这为榆叶梅优良品种的选育,新品种保护,种质资源的保护利用和亲缘关系的系列研究,以及榆叶梅新品种的特异性、一致性和稳定性的测试指南和已知品种数据库的完善奠定了理论基础。
Prunus triloba is only distributed in China. It has a broad prospect for landscape application not only for their beauty but also for their resistance. However, the classification of its Prunus triloba varieties is in a state of confusion.Based on the systematic investigation of the existing species and varieties of flowering almond (Prunus triloba) in China in detail,palynology and molecular biology are used to analyze the relationship of variety resources of Prunus triloba and a new classification system of Chinese Prunus triloba is put forward and the DUS test guideline to new varieties and database to existing varieties of Prunus triloba are set up. The main results were as follows:
1.Based on thorough investigation and research in main planted area of China, All of them are found in Northeast China(Haerbin,Changchun,Shenyang), Northwest China(Yinchuan,Lanzhou, Xining) and North China (Beijing, Taiyuan,Huhehaote). The morphological characters of the existing varieties were checked, corrected and named, The detailed investigation and classifying for flowering almond (Prunus triloba) according to the varieties of flowering almond in the areas above, 75 varieties are found.
2.Pollen morphology of 75 Prunus triloba varieties in China is examined under scanning electron microscope.The normal pollen grains are varied from prolate to perprolate in shape.The number of apertures are 3 which belonged to the colp-orate type and the extine ornamentation can be divided into three groups:foveolate group,striate group and striate- foveolate group.The pollen characteristics of these varieties are differed in perforate diameters and extine ornamentatation,so they could provide scientific bases for variety and identification of Prunus triloba varieties.
3.By using EcoRⅠ—MseⅠdigest and 5 primers,a suitable sliver-stainning AFLP system for Prunus triloba is developed.Clear DNA fingerprints are obtained,which mean success in DNA extraction,restriction-ligase reaction,double amplication,and the staining techniques.
4. Based on above work and UPOV documents, the DUS testing guidelines to new varieties and database to existing varieties of Prunus triloba are set up.
The objective of this study was to provide scientific bases for establishment of Prunus triloba varieties selection and breeding of eminent varieties,seeking and conservation of new varieties,and for protection and usage of genetic resources and their relationships in Prunus triloba and the Test Guidline to New Varieties on Distinctness, Uniformity and Stability(DUS)of Prunus triloba L. and the database to the known varieties.
引文
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