我国地方政府产业集群政策的研究
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摘要
当前,以区域特色经济为核心的产业集群对当地的经济发展起了巨大的促进作用,不仅引起了各省、市地方政府的重视,也引起了经济学界的普遍关注。对产业集群的研究,成为经济学的研究热点问题之一。目前多数研究文献关注于产业集群的作用机理,或是集群形成的条件、特点等,对于地方政府在产业集群发展中的作用的研究也停留在提纲挈领式的层次,缺少全面、量化的研究,表现在地方政府集群政策的研究不够系统、具体,产业集群政策效果的评价方法不够完善。
本文以产业集群理论与行政管理学中政府的经济管理职能为切入点,结合管理学的定量分析方法,从公共政策的角度出发,研究地方政府如何通过产业集群政策来促进产业集群的发展。
本文采用理论与实践相结合的研究方法、实证分析与规范分析相结合的研究方法、跨学科研究和定量分析相结合的研究方法。
首先,本文在综述国内外有关产业集群及集群政策相关理论的基础上,对集群政策制定所涉及到的概念,产业集群的特征、生命周期等进行系统阐述,介绍了产业集群的竞争优势,并总结出地方政府与集群的互动模式。其次,本文重点展开对集群政策的分析研究,解析集群政策的概念,论述其存在的必要性及其具体包含的内容。分析集群政策存在的问题以及问题的成因。再次,运用层次分析和模糊综合评价设计出了地方政府集群政策评价体系,为集群政策更好的制订和实施提供了一条有效途径。最后,在查阅大量资料和综上分析的基础上,提出加强产业集群政策效果的建议。
Currently, the Industry cluster characterized by the regional economy gives a big boost to the development of local economy, which not only receives much attention from each province and city governments, but also becomes the main focus of the economy research. And accordingly, the reaserch into industry cluster becomes one of the hot economics topics. Most of present research documents usually concentrate on how Industry cluster works or its characterics and formation condition, no more detailed and quantitative findings are available as to the contribution of the local goverment to the development of the Industry cluster, e.g. the research into the cluster policy of local goverment are not systemic and elaborate enough, and the evaluation methods of effects brought by the industry cluster needs further consideration and improvement.
In this paper, industrial cluster theory and administrative science in the government's economic management functions as an entry point, combined with management of the quantitative analysis method, from a public policy perspective, study how local industry cluster policy to promote industrial clusters.
The research methods of this paper: theory and practice of combining research methods, analysis and synthesis of a combination of research methods, quantitative analysis, factor analysis.
First of all, this paper reviewed the relevant domestic and foreign policies of industrial clusters and clusters related theories, based on the policy formulation of the cluster involved in the concept of the characteristics of industrial clusters, life cycle etc. systematically explained and summarized the industrial set, and introduce the Group's competitive advantage,summed up the interaction between local government and the cluster. Second, the article focuses on the cluster expand the analysis of policy research, policy analysis cluster concept, discusses the necessity of its existence and its specific contain. Analysis of cluster policy problems, as well as causes of the problem. Third, using AHP and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method to design the local government cluster policy evaluation system, in order to improve cluster policy formulation and implementation. Finally, access to wealth of information and the basis of the foregoing analysis, put forward to enhance the efficiency of industrial cluster policy proposals.
本文以产业集群理论与行政管理学中政府的经济管理职能为切入点,结合管理学的定量分析方法,从公共政策的角度出发,研究地方政府如何通过产业集群政策来促进产业集群的发展。
本文采用理论与实践相结合的研究方法、实证分析与规范分析相结合的研究方法、跨学科研究和定量分析相结合的研究方法。
首先,本文在综述国内外有关产业集群及集群政策相关理论的基础上,对集群政策制定所涉及到的概念,产业集群的特征、生命周期等进行系统阐述,介绍了产业集群的竞争优势,并总结出地方政府与集群的互动模式。其次,本文重点展开对集群政策的分析研究,解析集群政策的概念,论述其存在的必要性及其具体包含的内容。分析集群政策存在的问题以及问题的成因。再次,运用层次分析和模糊综合评价设计出了地方政府集群政策评价体系,为集群政策更好的制订和实施提供了一条有效途径。最后,在查阅大量资料和综上分析的基础上,提出加强产业集群政策效果的建议。
Currently, the Industry cluster characterized by the regional economy gives a big boost to the development of local economy, which not only receives much attention from each province and city governments, but also becomes the main focus of the economy research. And accordingly, the reaserch into industry cluster becomes one of the hot economics topics. Most of present research documents usually concentrate on how Industry cluster works or its characterics and formation condition, no more detailed and quantitative findings are available as to the contribution of the local goverment to the development of the Industry cluster, e.g. the research into the cluster policy of local goverment are not systemic and elaborate enough, and the evaluation methods of effects brought by the industry cluster needs further consideration and improvement.
In this paper, industrial cluster theory and administrative science in the government's economic management functions as an entry point, combined with management of the quantitative analysis method, from a public policy perspective, study how local industry cluster policy to promote industrial clusters.
The research methods of this paper: theory and practice of combining research methods, analysis and synthesis of a combination of research methods, quantitative analysis, factor analysis.
First of all, this paper reviewed the relevant domestic and foreign policies of industrial clusters and clusters related theories, based on the policy formulation of the cluster involved in the concept of the characteristics of industrial clusters, life cycle etc. systematically explained and summarized the industrial set, and introduce the Group's competitive advantage,summed up the interaction between local government and the cluster. Second, the article focuses on the cluster expand the analysis of policy research, policy analysis cluster concept, discusses the necessity of its existence and its specific contain. Analysis of cluster policy problems, as well as causes of the problem. Third, using AHP and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method to design the local government cluster policy evaluation system, in order to improve cluster policy formulation and implementation. Finally, access to wealth of information and the basis of the foregoing analysis, put forward to enhance the efficiency of industrial cluster policy proposals.
引文
1胡虹.产业集群发展与高校科技创新.四川理工学院学报,2006(2):20
2赵峥.产业集群演变中的地方政府作用分析.[首都经贸大学硕士论文].2006:6-7
3韦伯.工业区位论.北京:商务印书馆,1997:23
4马歇尔.经济学原理.北京:商务印书馆,1994:45
5迈克尔·波特.竞争战略.北京:华夏出版社,2005:67
6章孝锋.资源型企业集群发展循环经济的途径探讨.商场现代化,2006,(14):6
7孙洛平.产业集聚的交易费用模型.经济评论,2006,(4):15
8陈继祥等.产业集群与复杂性.上海:上海财经大学出版社,2005:112-123
9 Innovatlve Clusters:Driven of National Innovation Systems.OECD Proceedings,2001
10仇保兴.小企业集群研究.上海:复旦大学出版社,1999:76
11徐康宁.开放经济中的产业集群与竞争力.中国工业经济,2001, (11):12
12苗长虹,樊杰,张文忠.西方经济地理学区域研究的新视角.经济地理,2002,22 (6):644-650
13陈雪梅,陈鹏宇.广东产业集群的形成、发展和升级.宏观经济研究,2004, (10):7
14吴贵生,魏守华.区域科技论.北京:清华大学出版社,2007:56
15倪鹏飞.中国城市竞争力报告.北京:社会科学文献出版社,2007:5
16王辑慈.地方产业群战略.中国工业经济,2002,(3):47-54
17胡宇辰.产业集群支持体系,北京:经济管理出版社,2005:34
18魏守华,石碧化.论企业集群的竞争优势.中国工业经济,2002, (1):45
19 Baptista R. Geographical Clusters and Innovation Difusion. Technological Forecasting and Social Change,2001,66:31-46
20 Kolko J.Silicon Mountains,Silicon Molehills:Geographic Concentration and Convergence of Internet Industries in the US.Information Economics and Policy,2002,14:211-232
21 Poter. Clusters and New Economics of Competition .Harvard Business,1998
22魏江.产业集群:创新系统与技术学习.北京:科学出版社,2003:87
23 Krugman.International Economics:Theory and the Policy(Fourth Edition). Addison-Wesley Longman,Inc, 1997:45-74
24盛世豪,邓燕伟.“浙江现象”一产业集群与区域经济发展.北京:清华大学出版社2004,23:7
25魏守华.产业群的动态研究以及实证分析.世界地理研究,2002, (3):18
26钱平凡.实施产业集群发展的战略思路.宏观经济管理,2003:31-34
27钱平凡.我国产业集群的发展状况、特点与问题.经济理论与经济管理,2003, (12): 26-31
28陈柳钦.产业集聚与产业竞争力.南京社会科学,2005, (5):87
29刘斌.产业集群的识别——以江苏省为例.科学研究,2007,(2):15
30蔡铂,吉晓莉.产业集群的创新特性科技进步与对策,2003, (2):79-81
31李勇,史占中,屠梅曾.企业群竞争力的影响因素与竞争力提升.经济管理·新管理,2003,(6):12-17
32克鲁格曼.国际贸易新理论.北京:中国社会科学出版社,2001:56
33 Berschi,S, and Malerba,F.The Geography of Innovation and Economic Clustering: some Introductory Notes. Industrial and Corporate Change.2001,10:4
34史晋川,钱滔.政府在区域经济发展中的作用.经济社会体制比较,2004,2:27-33
35朱英明.产业集群论.北京:经济科学出版社,2003:205-206
36梁志勇.产业集群发展与政府经济职能定位.大连干部学刊,2006,(5):25
37臧新.外资产业集群与政策激励.世界经济与政治论坛,2004,(1):42-45
38 Ting-LinLee.Action Strategies for Strengthening Industrial Clusters in Southem Taiwan.Technology in Society,2006,Vol.28,No4:533-552
39汪斌.经济全球化与当代产业政策的转型.学术研究,2003,(3):37-43
40杨丽丽,王宏起.产业集群与区域经济协调发展机制及对策.科技与管理,2008,(3):15
41青木昌彦等著.市场的作用国家的作用.北京:中国发展出版社,2003:86-95
42张聪群.产业集群互动机理研究.北京:经济科学出版社,2007:32
43沈正平,刘海军,蒋涛.产业集群与区域经济发展研究.中国软科学,2004,(2):120-124
44程启智.中国:市场失灵与政府规制研究.北京:中国财政经济出版社,2002:43
45李福.论产业集群下我国科技创新体制的构建.中国矿业大学学报,2007,(3):25
46 Grabber.The Embedded Finns: On the Social Economics of Industrial Networks.London.EC4P4EE, 2001
47 G.Humphrys. Regional Regimes of Accumulation and the National State in Regulation Theory.Paper Presented at the Conference of the IGU Commission on the Organization of Industrial Space,1995:198-209
48赫连志巍.产业集群战略管理.北京:中国文史出版社,2005:112-114
49 J.Stamer.From Industrial Policy to Regional and Local Locational Policy: Experience from Santa Brazil,Bulletin of Latin American Research .Vol.18,1999:451-455
50 Porter.M.E. Knowledge-Based Clusters and National Competitive Advantage Presentation to Technolopolis,1997
51 Martin.R and Sunley.P.Deconstructing Clusters: Chaotic Concept or Policy Panacea.Journal of Economic Geography,2003,3(l)
52张元智,马鸣萧.产业集群获取竞争优势的空间.华夏出版社,2006:128-130
53贾生华,乌爱其,张学华.企业集群化成长障碍调查——以浙江省为例.经济理论与经济管理,2003, (7): 69-74
54冯奎.中国地方产业集群政策评论.生产力研究,2006,(10):177-179
55刘恒江,陈继祥.国外集群政策研究综述.理论参考,2006,(9):45-49
56陶良虎,陈德文.产业集群创新动力模型分析.江海学刊,2008,(3):10
57潭力文,李文秀.面向集群的PAEI分析及政府政策.中国软科学,2004,(7):117-121
58李君华,彭玉兰.产业集群的制度分析.中国软科学,2003,(9): 127-132
59赵卓,孙燕东.产业集群竞争优势分析及政策建议.经济问题,2004,(10):22-24
60 Scot.The Collective Order of Flexible Production Agglomerations:Lessons for Local Economic Development Policy and Strategic Choice. Economic Geography, 1992, Vol.68
61 Andrds Rodriguez-Clare.Clusters and Comparative Advantage:Implications for Industrial Policy.Journal of Development Economics,2007,V01.82,No.1:43-57
62 Maria Angeles.The Evaluation of Regional Innovation and Cluster Policies:TowardsParticipatory Approach. European Planning Studies,2001,9(7):907-924
63 Ecotec.Reserch&Consulting, A Practical Guide to Cluster Development.A Report to The Department of Trade and Industry and The English RDAs,2004
64 David Learmonth,Alison Munro and J.Kim Swales.Multi-sectoral Cluster Modelling:The Evaluation of Scottish Enterprise Cluster Policies.European Planning Studies,2003,11(5):567-585
65李莉,陈忠.管理定量分析:决策中常用的定量分析方法.上海:上海交通大学出版社,2007:156-160
66李文钊,刘方.试论公共行政理论的范式变迁.理论与改革,2005,(2):41-45
2赵峥.产业集群演变中的地方政府作用分析.[首都经贸大学硕士论文].2006:6-7
3韦伯.工业区位论.北京:商务印书馆,1997:23
4马歇尔.经济学原理.北京:商务印书馆,1994:45
5迈克尔·波特.竞争战略.北京:华夏出版社,2005:67
6章孝锋.资源型企业集群发展循环经济的途径探讨.商场现代化,2006,(14):6
7孙洛平.产业集聚的交易费用模型.经济评论,2006,(4):15
8陈继祥等.产业集群与复杂性.上海:上海财经大学出版社,2005:112-123
9 Innovatlve Clusters:Driven of National Innovation Systems.OECD Proceedings,2001
10仇保兴.小企业集群研究.上海:复旦大学出版社,1999:76
11徐康宁.开放经济中的产业集群与竞争力.中国工业经济,2001, (11):12
12苗长虹,樊杰,张文忠.西方经济地理学区域研究的新视角.经济地理,2002,22 (6):644-650
13陈雪梅,陈鹏宇.广东产业集群的形成、发展和升级.宏观经济研究,2004, (10):7
14吴贵生,魏守华.区域科技论.北京:清华大学出版社,2007:56
15倪鹏飞.中国城市竞争力报告.北京:社会科学文献出版社,2007:5
16王辑慈.地方产业群战略.中国工业经济,2002,(3):47-54
17胡宇辰.产业集群支持体系,北京:经济管理出版社,2005:34
18魏守华,石碧化.论企业集群的竞争优势.中国工业经济,2002, (1):45
19 Baptista R. Geographical Clusters and Innovation Difusion. Technological Forecasting and Social Change,2001,66:31-46
20 Kolko J.Silicon Mountains,Silicon Molehills:Geographic Concentration and Convergence of Internet Industries in the US.Information Economics and Policy,2002,14:211-232
21 Poter. Clusters and New Economics of Competition .Harvard Business,1998
22魏江.产业集群:创新系统与技术学习.北京:科学出版社,2003:87
23 Krugman.International Economics:Theory and the Policy(Fourth Edition). Addison-Wesley Longman,Inc, 1997:45-74
24盛世豪,邓燕伟.“浙江现象”一产业集群与区域经济发展.北京:清华大学出版社2004,23:7
25魏守华.产业群的动态研究以及实证分析.世界地理研究,2002, (3):18
26钱平凡.实施产业集群发展的战略思路.宏观经济管理,2003:31-34
27钱平凡.我国产业集群的发展状况、特点与问题.经济理论与经济管理,2003, (12): 26-31
28陈柳钦.产业集聚与产业竞争力.南京社会科学,2005, (5):87
29刘斌.产业集群的识别——以江苏省为例.科学研究,2007,(2):15
30蔡铂,吉晓莉.产业集群的创新特性科技进步与对策,2003, (2):79-81
31李勇,史占中,屠梅曾.企业群竞争力的影响因素与竞争力提升.经济管理·新管理,2003,(6):12-17
32克鲁格曼.国际贸易新理论.北京:中国社会科学出版社,2001:56
33 Berschi,S, and Malerba,F.The Geography of Innovation and Economic Clustering: some Introductory Notes. Industrial and Corporate Change.2001,10:4
34史晋川,钱滔.政府在区域经济发展中的作用.经济社会体制比较,2004,2:27-33
35朱英明.产业集群论.北京:经济科学出版社,2003:205-206
36梁志勇.产业集群发展与政府经济职能定位.大连干部学刊,2006,(5):25
37臧新.外资产业集群与政策激励.世界经济与政治论坛,2004,(1):42-45
38 Ting-LinLee.Action Strategies for Strengthening Industrial Clusters in Southem Taiwan.Technology in Society,2006,Vol.28,No4:533-552
39汪斌.经济全球化与当代产业政策的转型.学术研究,2003,(3):37-43
40杨丽丽,王宏起.产业集群与区域经济协调发展机制及对策.科技与管理,2008,(3):15
41青木昌彦等著.市场的作用国家的作用.北京:中国发展出版社,2003:86-95
42张聪群.产业集群互动机理研究.北京:经济科学出版社,2007:32
43沈正平,刘海军,蒋涛.产业集群与区域经济发展研究.中国软科学,2004,(2):120-124
44程启智.中国:市场失灵与政府规制研究.北京:中国财政经济出版社,2002:43
45李福.论产业集群下我国科技创新体制的构建.中国矿业大学学报,2007,(3):25
46 Grabber.The Embedded Finns: On the Social Economics of Industrial Networks.London.EC4P4EE, 2001
47 G.Humphrys. Regional Regimes of Accumulation and the National State in Regulation Theory.Paper Presented at the Conference of the IGU Commission on the Organization of Industrial Space,1995:198-209
48赫连志巍.产业集群战略管理.北京:中国文史出版社,2005:112-114
49 J.Stamer.From Industrial Policy to Regional and Local Locational Policy: Experience from Santa Brazil,Bulletin of Latin American Research .Vol.18,1999:451-455
50 Porter.M.E. Knowledge-Based Clusters and National Competitive Advantage Presentation to Technolopolis,1997
51 Martin.R and Sunley.P.Deconstructing Clusters: Chaotic Concept or Policy Panacea.Journal of Economic Geography,2003,3(l)
52张元智,马鸣萧.产业集群获取竞争优势的空间.华夏出版社,2006:128-130
53贾生华,乌爱其,张学华.企业集群化成长障碍调查——以浙江省为例.经济理论与经济管理,2003, (7): 69-74
54冯奎.中国地方产业集群政策评论.生产力研究,2006,(10):177-179
55刘恒江,陈继祥.国外集群政策研究综述.理论参考,2006,(9):45-49
56陶良虎,陈德文.产业集群创新动力模型分析.江海学刊,2008,(3):10
57潭力文,李文秀.面向集群的PAEI分析及政府政策.中国软科学,2004,(7):117-121
58李君华,彭玉兰.产业集群的制度分析.中国软科学,2003,(9): 127-132
59赵卓,孙燕东.产业集群竞争优势分析及政策建议.经济问题,2004,(10):22-24
60 Scot.The Collective Order of Flexible Production Agglomerations:Lessons for Local Economic Development Policy and Strategic Choice. Economic Geography, 1992, Vol.68
61 Andrds Rodriguez-Clare.Clusters and Comparative Advantage:Implications for Industrial Policy.Journal of Development Economics,2007,V01.82,No.1:43-57
62 Maria Angeles.The Evaluation of Regional Innovation and Cluster Policies:TowardsParticipatory Approach. European Planning Studies,2001,9(7):907-924
63 Ecotec.Reserch&Consulting, A Practical Guide to Cluster Development.A Report to The Department of Trade and Industry and The English RDAs,2004
64 David Learmonth,Alison Munro and J.Kim Swales.Multi-sectoral Cluster Modelling:The Evaluation of Scottish Enterprise Cluster Policies.European Planning Studies,2003,11(5):567-585
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