油田抽油机节能设备研制
摘要
目前,我国大多数油田已处于开采末期,在石油开采过程中存在着巨大的能源浪费现象。其中抽油机空抽现象比较普遍,抽油机的连续工作方式至少造成50%的电能浪费。因此研制一种抽油机节能设备可以对石油行业节能减排、建设节能型企业起到至关重要的作用。
本文通过查阅石油领域的文献分析了油井油液积聚规律,建立了油井内相关物理量的关系模型。在了解油井油液积聚规律的基础上设计了间歇抽油算法和总体方案。
在控制器设计上,为了满足设备能够在条件恶劣的野外环境下工作,在芯片选型上采用军品级芯片。其中采用TMS320F2812型DSP作为主控芯片,设计了控制器硬件电路,利用DSP强大的运算和控制能力实现了对抽油机间歇抽油的控制和相关参数的计算;在油井空抽判别方面,设计了基于开关量信号的油量状态监测装置,可以对油井的状态进行监测;另外,控制器通过监测三相电流的变化,可以对电机进行断相保护。
由于油井的条件不同,节能设备在刚投放使用时需要配置初始化参数。利用Visual C++和Measurement Studio开发出了界面风格良好的控制器综合管理软件,可以方便地进行参数设置,也为设备出厂前的测试工作提供便利。
在实验室条件下的测试结果表明,抽油机节能设备能够识别油量监测装置的信号,能够根据信号判断油井油量并最终做出相应的控制。
Nowadays, most of oil wells are dry up and there is a huge waste energy in the process of oil exploitation, including 50 percentage of power consumption accounting for pumping units. As a result, developing a kind of energy-saving equipment is important for the energy-saving emission of oil industry and to build energy-saving business.
In this article I analyse the accumulating rules of oil, design the model of the parameter of the well, design the intermittent pumping arithmetic and scheme after understanding the accumulating rules.
The equipment used high-level chips in order to fulfil with the execrable circumstance. Using TMS320F2812 as the leading chip to design the hardware. And using the powerful calculating capacity and controlling capacity to realize how to control pumping unit. In the aspect of distinguishing empty well, I design a kind of device which based on switch signal, and this device can test the estate of well. In addition, this equipment can protect electromotor during the variety of electricity.
Because of the different condition of well, we need to set parameters of the equipment. Using Visual C++ and Measurement Studio to design the software. This software can set parameters expediently and can test equipment expediently.
The test result under the condition of laboratory shows that the energy-saving pumping unit has the ablity to identify the signal which from oil testing device, and control the pumping unit based on signal.
本文通过查阅石油领域的文献分析了油井油液积聚规律,建立了油井内相关物理量的关系模型。在了解油井油液积聚规律的基础上设计了间歇抽油算法和总体方案。
在控制器设计上,为了满足设备能够在条件恶劣的野外环境下工作,在芯片选型上采用军品级芯片。其中采用TMS320F2812型DSP作为主控芯片,设计了控制器硬件电路,利用DSP强大的运算和控制能力实现了对抽油机间歇抽油的控制和相关参数的计算;在油井空抽判别方面,设计了基于开关量信号的油量状态监测装置,可以对油井的状态进行监测;另外,控制器通过监测三相电流的变化,可以对电机进行断相保护。
由于油井的条件不同,节能设备在刚投放使用时需要配置初始化参数。利用Visual C++和Measurement Studio开发出了界面风格良好的控制器综合管理软件,可以方便地进行参数设置,也为设备出厂前的测试工作提供便利。
在实验室条件下的测试结果表明,抽油机节能设备能够识别油量监测装置的信号,能够根据信号判断油井油量并最终做出相应的控制。
Nowadays, most of oil wells are dry up and there is a huge waste energy in the process of oil exploitation, including 50 percentage of power consumption accounting for pumping units. As a result, developing a kind of energy-saving equipment is important for the energy-saving emission of oil industry and to build energy-saving business.
In this article I analyse the accumulating rules of oil, design the model of the parameter of the well, design the intermittent pumping arithmetic and scheme after understanding the accumulating rules.
The equipment used high-level chips in order to fulfil with the execrable circumstance. Using TMS320F2812 as the leading chip to design the hardware. And using the powerful calculating capacity and controlling capacity to realize how to control pumping unit. In the aspect of distinguishing empty well, I design a kind of device which based on switch signal, and this device can test the estate of well. In addition, this equipment can protect electromotor during the variety of electricity.
Because of the different condition of well, we need to set parameters of the equipment. Using Visual C++ and Measurement Studio to design the software. This software can set parameters expediently and can test equipment expediently.
The test result under the condition of laboratory shows that the energy-saving pumping unit has the ablity to identify the signal which from oil testing device, and control the pumping unit based on signal.
引文
1 Joshi Prakash. Conservation Of Energy: Industrial Pumping Systems. Chemical Engineering World. 2002, 12(37): 148~150
2 Tutterow Vestal. Energy Efficiency In Pumping Systems. Experience And Trends In The Pulp & Paper Industry. Proceedings ACEEE Summer Study On Energy Efficiency in Industry, 1999: 99~109
3 Wei Wu. Emulation of energy-saving oil source of electro-hydraulic servo simulation system for well pumping unit. Journal of Engineering and Applied Science, 1996, 1(11): 36~39
4 Newberry M.E. crude oil production and Flowing pressure problems Spe, 1984: 28~30
5车磊.抽油机智能型节能系统研究.新疆大学硕士论文. 2008: 1~3
6张晓玲,于海迎.抽油机节能技术概述.机械工程师. 2006, (8): 136~137
7乔守武,梁旭,詹健,王哲.抽油机节能技术在长庆油田中的应用.内蒙古石油化工. 2008, (9): 95~96
8王月成.抽油机智能节能装置在火烧山油田的应用.石油工业计算机应用. 2007, 5(3) : 46~50
9郭样.抽油机节能降耗技术探析.工业技术. 2007年, (7): 101~102
10徐卫君.游梁式抽油机的智能型节能系统研究.新疆大学硕士论文. 2002: 4~6
11赵鹏飞.油田抽油机节能方式综述及解决方案.工业技术. 2007, (6): 96~97
12陈丽.调压式抽油机节能控制器软硬件开发及节能机理研究.大庆石油学院硕士论文. 2007: 1~2
13李俊勇,田作华,钱华新.一种改进遗传算法在抽油机节能器中的应用.计算机仿真. 2006, 23(9): 172~174
14 Foulloy Laurent. An educational tool for fuzzy control. IEEE Transactions on Fuzzy Systems. 2006, 14(2): 217~221
15 Tomohiro Takagi, Michio Sugeno. Fuzzy identification of systems and its application to modeling and control [J ]. IEEE Trans SMC. 1985, 15(1): 116~132.
16 J. B. Kiszka, M. E. Kochanska, D. S. Sliwinska. The influence of some parameters on the accuracy of fuzzy model in Industrial Application of Fuzzy Control. M. Sugeno, Ed. Amsterdam. North-Holland. 1985: 125-156
17 K. L. Tang, R. J. Mulholland. Comparing fuzzy logic with classical contrlooer designs IEEE Trans. 1987, 17(1): 45~56
18 Chuanchin Lee. Fuzzy Logic in control system: Fuzzy Logic Controller-Part1. IEEE Trans, on System, Man, and Cybernetics. 1999, (5): 7~69
19 Nick Infelise. A Clear Vision of Fuzzy Logic. Control Engineering. 1991, (7): 23~27
20 M. Sugeno, K Murakami. Fuzzy Parking control of model car. In 23rd IEEE Conf. on Decision and Control. Las Vegas. 1984: 25~36
21李越刚,张宗盛.溶解气驱油藏中沃格尔方程系数变化规律的研究.石油钻采工艺. 1990, (4): 57~61
22王亮,韩彩霄.一种抽油机节电控制器的设计.河北省科学院学报. 2007, 24(1): 49~51
23张清林.抽油机的现状发展方向及其节能技术的探索.工业技术. 2008, (2): 97
24张永庆.多学科综合研究提高大庆油田油藏预测水平.石油勘探与开发. 2004, 5: 52~54
25李国伟.间抽井节能增产的理论与技术实现.新疆大学硕士论文. 2007: 3~30
26 Westerman G W. Successful Application of Pump-off Controllers. Paper SPE6853 presented at the 1997 SPE Annual Technical Conterence and Exhibition. Denver, 1997, (10): 9~12
27刘合,高甲善,王雪艳.关于抽油机井合理间抽制度的研究.石油钻采工艺. 2000, 22(1): 69～72
28卢健平,刘文业,董志东.抽油机井合理沉没度与泵效关系探讨.河南石油. 2002, 16(2): 43~45
29关宁,欧阳章华,李华.抽油机低效间抽井液变化规律.油气田地面工程. 2006, 25(2): 17~18
30向瑜章,梁广江.抽油井间控制技术的开发与应用.石油钻采工艺. 2004, 26(6): 68~70
31 Yasuhiko TAKAHARA, Yongmei LIU, Yoshio YANO. A FORMAL SYSTEM APPROACH TO SOLVER DESIGN-HILL CLIMBING METHOD WITH PUSH DOWN STACK. JOURNAL OF SYSTEMS SCIENCE AND SYSTEMS ENGINEERING. 2003, 12(2): 138~158
32汪西原,汪西莉.启发式搜索策略(爬山法)的改进与实现.陕西师范大学学报. 1999, 27(1): 58~60
33 Gibbs S. G. Pump-off controllers detect malfunctions. Oil Gas Rep. 1994, 37(6): 34~36
34 S. Miska, A. Sharaki, J. M. Rajtar. A simple model for computer-aided optimization and design of sucker-rod pumping systems[J]. Journal of petroleum Science and Engineering. 1997, 17(3): 303~312
35 P. A. Lollback, G. Y. Wang, S. S. Rahman. An Alternative approach to the analysis of sucker-rod dynamics in vertical and deviated wells[J]. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering. 1997, 17(4): 313~320
36 Hongzhao Liu, Baixi Liu, Daning Yuan. Indentification for Sucker-rod Pumping System’s Damping Coefficients Based on Chain Code Method of Pattern Recognition[J]. Journal of Vibration and Acoustics. 2007, (129): 434~440
37 Gibbs S. G. A General Method for Predicting Rod Pumping System Performance. SPE6850, 1977, (10): 12~15
38石在虹,魏兆胜.利用示功图计算抽油机井的产液量.大庆石油学院学报. 1996, 20(4): 20~23
39苏奎风,吕强,耿庆锋,陈圣俭.电子工业出版社. 2005: 243~252
40 TMS320 DSP Designer’s Notebook: Volume 1. Texas Instruments Incorporated, 2001
41周立功. CAN-bus通用测试软件及接口函数库使用手册.广州周立功单片机发展有限公司. 2004: 24~35
2 Tutterow Vestal. Energy Efficiency In Pumping Systems. Experience And Trends In The Pulp & Paper Industry. Proceedings ACEEE Summer Study On Energy Efficiency in Industry, 1999: 99~109
3 Wei Wu. Emulation of energy-saving oil source of electro-hydraulic servo simulation system for well pumping unit. Journal of Engineering and Applied Science, 1996, 1(11): 36~39
4 Newberry M.E. crude oil production and Flowing pressure problems Spe, 1984: 28~30
5车磊.抽油机智能型节能系统研究.新疆大学硕士论文. 2008: 1~3
6张晓玲,于海迎.抽油机节能技术概述.机械工程师. 2006, (8): 136~137
7乔守武,梁旭,詹健,王哲.抽油机节能技术在长庆油田中的应用.内蒙古石油化工. 2008, (9): 95~96
8王月成.抽油机智能节能装置在火烧山油田的应用.石油工业计算机应用. 2007, 5(3) : 46~50
9郭样.抽油机节能降耗技术探析.工业技术. 2007年, (7): 101~102
10徐卫君.游梁式抽油机的智能型节能系统研究.新疆大学硕士论文. 2002: 4~6
11赵鹏飞.油田抽油机节能方式综述及解决方案.工业技术. 2007, (6): 96~97
12陈丽.调压式抽油机节能控制器软硬件开发及节能机理研究.大庆石油学院硕士论文. 2007: 1~2
13李俊勇,田作华,钱华新.一种改进遗传算法在抽油机节能器中的应用.计算机仿真. 2006, 23(9): 172~174
14 Foulloy Laurent. An educational tool for fuzzy control. IEEE Transactions on Fuzzy Systems. 2006, 14(2): 217~221
15 Tomohiro Takagi, Michio Sugeno. Fuzzy identification of systems and its application to modeling and control [J ]. IEEE Trans SMC. 1985, 15(1): 116~132.
16 J. B. Kiszka, M. E. Kochanska, D. S. Sliwinska. The influence of some parameters on the accuracy of fuzzy model in Industrial Application of Fuzzy Control. M. Sugeno, Ed. Amsterdam. North-Holland. 1985: 125-156
17 K. L. Tang, R. J. Mulholland. Comparing fuzzy logic with classical contrlooer designs IEEE Trans. 1987, 17(1): 45~56
18 Chuanchin Lee. Fuzzy Logic in control system: Fuzzy Logic Controller-Part1. IEEE Trans, on System, Man, and Cybernetics. 1999, (5): 7~69
19 Nick Infelise. A Clear Vision of Fuzzy Logic. Control Engineering. 1991, (7): 23~27
20 M. Sugeno, K Murakami. Fuzzy Parking control of model car. In 23rd IEEE Conf. on Decision and Control. Las Vegas. 1984: 25~36
21李越刚,张宗盛.溶解气驱油藏中沃格尔方程系数变化规律的研究.石油钻采工艺. 1990, (4): 57~61
22王亮,韩彩霄.一种抽油机节电控制器的设计.河北省科学院学报. 2007, 24(1): 49~51
23张清林.抽油机的现状发展方向及其节能技术的探索.工业技术. 2008, (2): 97
24张永庆.多学科综合研究提高大庆油田油藏预测水平.石油勘探与开发. 2004, 5: 52~54
25李国伟.间抽井节能增产的理论与技术实现.新疆大学硕士论文. 2007: 3~30
26 Westerman G W. Successful Application of Pump-off Controllers. Paper SPE6853 presented at the 1997 SPE Annual Technical Conterence and Exhibition. Denver, 1997, (10): 9~12
27刘合,高甲善,王雪艳.关于抽油机井合理间抽制度的研究.石油钻采工艺. 2000, 22(1): 69～72
28卢健平,刘文业,董志东.抽油机井合理沉没度与泵效关系探讨.河南石油. 2002, 16(2): 43~45
29关宁,欧阳章华,李华.抽油机低效间抽井液变化规律.油气田地面工程. 2006, 25(2): 17~18
30向瑜章,梁广江.抽油井间控制技术的开发与应用.石油钻采工艺. 2004, 26(6): 68~70
31 Yasuhiko TAKAHARA, Yongmei LIU, Yoshio YANO. A FORMAL SYSTEM APPROACH TO SOLVER DESIGN-HILL CLIMBING METHOD WITH PUSH DOWN STACK. JOURNAL OF SYSTEMS SCIENCE AND SYSTEMS ENGINEERING. 2003, 12(2): 138~158
32汪西原,汪西莉.启发式搜索策略(爬山法)的改进与实现.陕西师范大学学报. 1999, 27(1): 58~60
33 Gibbs S. G. Pump-off controllers detect malfunctions. Oil Gas Rep. 1994, 37(6): 34~36
34 S. Miska, A. Sharaki, J. M. Rajtar. A simple model for computer-aided optimization and design of sucker-rod pumping systems[J]. Journal of petroleum Science and Engineering. 1997, 17(3): 303~312
35 P. A. Lollback, G. Y. Wang, S. S. Rahman. An Alternative approach to the analysis of sucker-rod dynamics in vertical and deviated wells[J]. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering. 1997, 17(4): 313~320
36 Hongzhao Liu, Baixi Liu, Daning Yuan. Indentification for Sucker-rod Pumping System’s Damping Coefficients Based on Chain Code Method of Pattern Recognition[J]. Journal of Vibration and Acoustics. 2007, (129): 434~440
37 Gibbs S. G. A General Method for Predicting Rod Pumping System Performance. SPE6850, 1977, (10): 12~15
38石在虹,魏兆胜.利用示功图计算抽油机井的产液量.大庆石油学院学报. 1996, 20(4): 20~23
39苏奎风,吕强,耿庆锋,陈圣俭.电子工业出版社. 2005: 243~252
40 TMS320 DSP Designer’s Notebook: Volume 1. Texas Instruments Incorporated, 2001
41周立功. CAN-bus通用测试软件及接口函数库使用手册.广州周立功单片机发展有限公司. 2004: 24~35