基于并行工程的房地产企业经营管理研究
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摘要
目前世界经济陷入低谷,并且我国在地产业方面的法律、法规也越来越完善,各种房地产企业的竞争也进入了一种良性的竞争。
并行工程20世纪80年代在美国被提出,并且在工业企业中应用较多,展示了显著的效果。有一些建筑企业尝试运用并取得了显著的成果。房地产企业中运用这个思想时间较短、应用程度较低,还没有有力的成果出现。本文将并行工程的思想和方法结合房地产企业的特点建立组织、过程、信息三方面的模型用于企业的改造。使房地产企业在经营管理方面得到改进,进而提高企业的竞争能力,增强企业的生命力。
通过并行工程与房地产企业特点的结合,本文建立了一种并行工程模型,在以下三个方面运用:
(1)企业组织重组——并行开发团队。
将企业的组织模式由纵向的阶段划分(前期、设计施工、销售等阶段),重组为以项目并行团队为单位的并行开发团队模式。这样做将解决企业项目时间过长、过程质量不高、权责不明等方面的问题。
(2)企业过程重构——并行过程模型
将企业的项目过程通过并行工程的方法,使目标得到完美的分配,建立过程的并行工作模型,将工作的分配和反馈无障碍的传递,最后达到节约项目时间、提高工作质量的目的。
(3)企业信息集成——并行PDM模型
本文结合房地产企业的一般特点,选用PDM模式的信息集成方法改造企业的信息管理。这种方法强调了信息传递过程的一致性、流畅性和信息的集成,是本文并行模型的特点的体现。
最后,通过QFD及DEA等方法对案例进行分析和验证,确定CE在房地产企业经营管理中应用的方式和效果。
研究结果显示并行工程在房地产企业中的应用在理论上是可行的。但因为还没有现实的例子来证明该观点,本文在这里将并行工程在房地产企业中的应用做个抛砖引玉的研究,希望以后的研究人员完善这个方面的研究,并在并行工程的应用拓展方面贡献力量。
Currently , the world economy falls into the bottom, national organisation of laws, regulations in real estate become more perfect and even various real estate enterprises are in a state of benign competition.
The concurrent engineering developed in the 1980s in the United States ,was applied in industrial enterprises much, having a significant effect. Some of building enterprise abroad had achieved notable attainments in using it. But in some of real estate enterprise who also applied theory there is no notable attainments because of the short-term and inadequate use. Considering the feature of real estate enterprise author use the idea of concurrent engineering to make three models respectively in the aspect of organization, process and information. Wishly, real estate enterprise could be more competitive with the improved operating management level in the use of concurrent engineering models.
Considering the feature of real estate enterprise author use the idea of concurrent engineering to make three models.
(1) the model of business organization recombination—project concurrent team Business organization model has been changed form the fore one which was divided into some stage lengthways, as previous work, design and construction, sales and so on, according the project process. In this way, many problems as overrunning project, low process quality, unclear rights and liabilities and so on, could be solved.
(2) the model of business process reconstruction—concurrent process model
The task of project process could have a perfect distribution through the concurrent engineering method. Buliding a non-barrier transmission in assignment and feedback of the work through making a process model is to save time and raise quality of work.
(3) the model of business information integrated change—the use of PDM model
According the common feature of the real estate enterprise, author choose the method of PDM to perfect the information management in enterprise. This idea emphasizes the consistency, fluency, and information integration of transmission process of the information, which matchs the new concurrent engineering models' features in this article.
Finally,the QFD,DEA is used for express how to apply the CE in real estate enterprise.
Result of study shows the application of concurrent engineering is feasible in real estate enterprise in theory. But the first users are needed to prove that. It is just a crude idea. Author hope the new idea could be useful for study in concurrent engineering in the future and researchers make this kind of study more to perfect it.
并行工程20世纪80年代在美国被提出,并且在工业企业中应用较多,展示了显著的效果。有一些建筑企业尝试运用并取得了显著的成果。房地产企业中运用这个思想时间较短、应用程度较低,还没有有力的成果出现。本文将并行工程的思想和方法结合房地产企业的特点建立组织、过程、信息三方面的模型用于企业的改造。使房地产企业在经营管理方面得到改进,进而提高企业的竞争能力,增强企业的生命力。
通过并行工程与房地产企业特点的结合,本文建立了一种并行工程模型,在以下三个方面运用:
(1)企业组织重组——并行开发团队。
将企业的组织模式由纵向的阶段划分(前期、设计施工、销售等阶段),重组为以项目并行团队为单位的并行开发团队模式。这样做将解决企业项目时间过长、过程质量不高、权责不明等方面的问题。
(2)企业过程重构——并行过程模型
将企业的项目过程通过并行工程的方法,使目标得到完美的分配,建立过程的并行工作模型,将工作的分配和反馈无障碍的传递,最后达到节约项目时间、提高工作质量的目的。
(3)企业信息集成——并行PDM模型
本文结合房地产企业的一般特点,选用PDM模式的信息集成方法改造企业的信息管理。这种方法强调了信息传递过程的一致性、流畅性和信息的集成,是本文并行模型的特点的体现。
最后,通过QFD及DEA等方法对案例进行分析和验证,确定CE在房地产企业经营管理中应用的方式和效果。
研究结果显示并行工程在房地产企业中的应用在理论上是可行的。但因为还没有现实的例子来证明该观点,本文在这里将并行工程在房地产企业中的应用做个抛砖引玉的研究,希望以后的研究人员完善这个方面的研究,并在并行工程的应用拓展方面贡献力量。
Currently , the world economy falls into the bottom, national organisation of laws, regulations in real estate become more perfect and even various real estate enterprises are in a state of benign competition.
The concurrent engineering developed in the 1980s in the United States ,was applied in industrial enterprises much, having a significant effect. Some of building enterprise abroad had achieved notable attainments in using it. But in some of real estate enterprise who also applied theory there is no notable attainments because of the short-term and inadequate use. Considering the feature of real estate enterprise author use the idea of concurrent engineering to make three models respectively in the aspect of organization, process and information. Wishly, real estate enterprise could be more competitive with the improved operating management level in the use of concurrent engineering models.
Considering the feature of real estate enterprise author use the idea of concurrent engineering to make three models.
(1) the model of business organization recombination—project concurrent team Business organization model has been changed form the fore one which was divided into some stage lengthways, as previous work, design and construction, sales and so on, according the project process. In this way, many problems as overrunning project, low process quality, unclear rights and liabilities and so on, could be solved.
(2) the model of business process reconstruction—concurrent process model
The task of project process could have a perfect distribution through the concurrent engineering method. Buliding a non-barrier transmission in assignment and feedback of the work through making a process model is to save time and raise quality of work.
(3) the model of business information integrated change—the use of PDM model
According the common feature of the real estate enterprise, author choose the method of PDM to perfect the information management in enterprise. This idea emphasizes the consistency, fluency, and information integration of transmission process of the information, which matchs the new concurrent engineering models' features in this article.
Finally,the QFD,DEA is used for express how to apply the CE in real estate enterprise.
Result of study shows the application of concurrent engineering is feasible in real estate enterprise in theory. But the first users are needed to prove that. It is just a crude idea. Author hope the new idea could be useful for study in concurrent engineering in the future and researchers make this kind of study more to perfect it.
引文
[1]曾肇河.《房地产公司战略管理》.中国建设工业出版社.
[2]王亮。基于并行工程的建设工程项目管理模式研究。硕士研究生毕业论文,2007(10).
[3]岳红辉.建筑企业的敏捷性需求及敏捷运行模式探讨。四川工业学院学报,1997.
[4]刘文霞.浅谈并行工程的发展与应用.机械,2007增刊.
[5]傅立丰,张耀宗,刘长红.并行工程的发展与应用[J].新技术新工艺,2003。
[6]朱焕立,刘玉宾.并行工程的产生、应用及研究现状[J]。中州大学学报,2003.
[7]钟建安,戴惠良,赵健峰.面相并行工程的施工项目管理.建筑经济,2008(6).
[8]王慧明,齐二石.并行工程在建筑业应用的必要性研究.工业工程,2004.5.
[9]王君,孙文建.借鉴并行工程理论实现工程项目快速建设.建筑经济,2007(3)
[10]马世骁,牟瑞,高春山。工程项目管理中的并行工程理念分析与应用.沈阳建筑大学学报(社会科学版),2007(7).
[11]蒋书鸿.精益制造体系在房地产企业管理中的运用。硕士研究生毕业论文,2005(5)
[12]宁汝新等.并行工程的发展及实现机理.先进生产模式与制造哲理研讨会论文集:大连理工大学.,1997.
[13]Winner Panel.The role of concurrent engineering in weapons system,Institute for Defense Analysis,U.S.A,1988.12.
[14]Glenn Ballard,Gregory Howell,Mike Casten.APRC:A Case Study[J].Proceedings of the 4th annual conference of the International Group for Lena Construction,University of Birmingham.1997.
[15]Baugh,Catherine;Khalfan,Malik M.A.Industrial Management and Data Systems,v 102,n 5-6,p 260-270,2002
[16]Eldin.Concurrent Engineering:A Schedule Reduction Tool[J].ASCE Journal of Construction Engineering and Management,1997,Vol.123,No.3
[17]Kals,H.J.J.Zijm,W.H.M.Building holarchies for concurrent manufacturing planning and control in etoPlan Computers in Industry,v 46,n 3,p 301-314,October 2001
[18]熊光楞.并行工程的理论与实践[M].清华大学出版社,2001.
[19]Glenn Balldar.Technique be used in management,[J].Presentedat the Confron Concuerrnt Engineering in Construction,Finlnad.1999(8).
[20]陈国权.并行工程管理方法与应用[M]:清华大学出版社,1998.
[21]Jonh.,Parsaei and Sullivan.Principles of concurrent engineering.In Hamid R.Parsaei and William G.Sulivan Concurrent Engineering Contemporary Issues and Modern Design Tools.Chapman&Hall.1993.
[22]朱文海,李伯虎,朱克.并行工程中过程重组与团队技术的应用[J].现代防御技术,2001.
[23]易继伟.Partnering一种新的建设管理模式--Partnering的概念、组织、组成系统及其应用[D]:同济大学硕士学位论文,1998.
[24]王红涛,王效俐.并行工程在建筑工程管理中的应用.经济论坛,2006.
[25]吴澄。现代集成制造系统导论[M]。清华大学出版社,2002.
[26]武洪臣,白瑞金.浅谈并行工程原理及其在项目研制中的应用.生产组织与管理,1999(3).
[27]张兴.并行工程在建筑领域的应用.硕士研究生毕业论文.2006(1).
[28]杜佳谨。并行工程在房地产集团住宅产业化进程中的运用.住宅产业,2008(8).
[29]F.Evbuomwan,C.Anumba.An Integrated Framework For Concurrent Life-Cycle Design And Construction[J].Advances in Engineering Software,1998,Vol.29,No.7
[30]V.Krishnan.Managing the Simultaneous Execution of Coupled Phases in Concurrent Product Development[J].IEEE Transactions On Engineering Management,1996,Vol.43:pp.210-217.
[31]Jafari.Concurrent Construction and Life Cycle Project Management,ASCE Journal of Construction Engineering and Management,Vol.123,No.4,Desember,1997
[32]丁士昭.建筑工程项目管理[M].北京,中国建筑工业出版社,1991.
[33]刘建刚。并行工程中产品结构和开发过程集成管理关键技术研究。博士学位论文,2006.9.
[34]卢勇.工程项目的建设过程重组[J].经营管理.2005.No.3:pp.15-18
[35]熊伟,权婧雅,王娟丽,夏俊.基于QFD的精装修房地产产品质量控制方法研究.建筑经济,2008(9).
[36]胡庆夕,俞涛等,并行工程原理与应用[M].上海大学出版社,2001.
[37]董华,付光辉,邓玉勇。基于并行工程的新产品开发项目管理模式.青岛科技大学学报(社会科学版),2006(9).
[38]Anumba J,Evuomwan.Concurrent engineering in design-build projects[J].Construction Management and Economics,1997.
[39]江庆.基于并行丁程的产品协同设计工作流系统的研究.机械管理开发,2008(4).
[40]王刚,王志臣.基于并行工程的PMC项目组织模式探讨。建筑市场与招标投标,2007(5).
[41]熊亚洲.我国工程项目管理的现状发展趋势及对策.工程建设与设计,2004(7)
[2]王亮。基于并行工程的建设工程项目管理模式研究。硕士研究生毕业论文,2007(10).
[3]岳红辉.建筑企业的敏捷性需求及敏捷运行模式探讨。四川工业学院学报,1997.
[4]刘文霞.浅谈并行工程的发展与应用.机械,2007增刊.
[5]傅立丰,张耀宗,刘长红.并行工程的发展与应用[J].新技术新工艺,2003。
[6]朱焕立,刘玉宾.并行工程的产生、应用及研究现状[J]。中州大学学报,2003.
[7]钟建安,戴惠良,赵健峰.面相并行工程的施工项目管理.建筑经济,2008(6).
[8]王慧明,齐二石.并行工程在建筑业应用的必要性研究.工业工程,2004.5.
[9]王君,孙文建.借鉴并行工程理论实现工程项目快速建设.建筑经济,2007(3)
[10]马世骁,牟瑞,高春山。工程项目管理中的并行工程理念分析与应用.沈阳建筑大学学报(社会科学版),2007(7).
[11]蒋书鸿.精益制造体系在房地产企业管理中的运用。硕士研究生毕业论文,2005(5)
[12]宁汝新等.并行工程的发展及实现机理.先进生产模式与制造哲理研讨会论文集:大连理工大学.,1997.
[13]Winner Panel.The role of concurrent engineering in weapons system,Institute for Defense Analysis,U.S.A,1988.12.
[14]Glenn Ballard,Gregory Howell,Mike Casten.APRC:A Case Study[J].Proceedings of the 4th annual conference of the International Group for Lena Construction,University of Birmingham.1997.
[15]Baugh,Catherine;Khalfan,Malik M.A.Industrial Management and Data Systems,v 102,n 5-6,p 260-270,2002
[16]Eldin.Concurrent Engineering:A Schedule Reduction Tool[J].ASCE Journal of Construction Engineering and Management,1997,Vol.123,No.3
[17]Kals,H.J.J.Zijm,W.H.M.Building holarchies for concurrent manufacturing planning and control in etoPlan Computers in Industry,v 46,n 3,p 301-314,October 2001
[18]熊光楞.并行工程的理论与实践[M].清华大学出版社,2001.
[19]Glenn Balldar.Technique be used in management,[J].Presentedat the Confron Concuerrnt Engineering in Construction,Finlnad.1999(8).
[20]陈国权.并行工程管理方法与应用[M]:清华大学出版社,1998.
[21]Jonh.,Parsaei and Sullivan.Principles of concurrent engineering.In Hamid R.Parsaei and William G.Sulivan Concurrent Engineering Contemporary Issues and Modern Design Tools.Chapman&Hall.1993.
[22]朱文海,李伯虎,朱克.并行工程中过程重组与团队技术的应用[J].现代防御技术,2001.
[23]易继伟.Partnering一种新的建设管理模式--Partnering的概念、组织、组成系统及其应用[D]:同济大学硕士学位论文,1998.
[24]王红涛,王效俐.并行工程在建筑工程管理中的应用.经济论坛,2006.
[25]吴澄。现代集成制造系统导论[M]。清华大学出版社,2002.
[26]武洪臣,白瑞金.浅谈并行工程原理及其在项目研制中的应用.生产组织与管理,1999(3).
[27]张兴.并行工程在建筑领域的应用.硕士研究生毕业论文.2006(1).
[28]杜佳谨。并行工程在房地产集团住宅产业化进程中的运用.住宅产业,2008(8).
[29]F.Evbuomwan,C.Anumba.An Integrated Framework For Concurrent Life-Cycle Design And Construction[J].Advances in Engineering Software,1998,Vol.29,No.7
[30]V.Krishnan.Managing the Simultaneous Execution of Coupled Phases in Concurrent Product Development[J].IEEE Transactions On Engineering Management,1996,Vol.43:pp.210-217.
[31]Jafari.Concurrent Construction and Life Cycle Project Management,ASCE Journal of Construction Engineering and Management,Vol.123,No.4,Desember,1997
[32]丁士昭.建筑工程项目管理[M].北京,中国建筑工业出版社,1991.
[33]刘建刚。并行工程中产品结构和开发过程集成管理关键技术研究。博士学位论文,2006.9.
[34]卢勇.工程项目的建设过程重组[J].经营管理.2005.No.3:pp.15-18
[35]熊伟,权婧雅,王娟丽,夏俊.基于QFD的精装修房地产产品质量控制方法研究.建筑经济,2008(9).
[36]胡庆夕,俞涛等,并行工程原理与应用[M].上海大学出版社,2001.
[37]董华,付光辉,邓玉勇。基于并行工程的新产品开发项目管理模式.青岛科技大学学报(社会科学版),2006(9).
[38]Anumba J,Evuomwan.Concurrent engineering in design-build projects[J].Construction Management and Economics,1997.
[39]江庆.基于并行丁程的产品协同设计工作流系统的研究.机械管理开发,2008(4).
[40]王刚,王志臣.基于并行工程的PMC项目组织模式探讨。建筑市场与招标投标,2007(5).
[41]熊亚洲.我国工程项目管理的现状发展趋势及对策.工程建设与设计,2004(7)