大牛地气田氮气泡沫欠平衡水平钻井工艺研究
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摘要
随着世界油气工业勘探开发形势的严峻,欠平衡水平钻井技术的需求越来越急迫。针对大牛地气田低压、低渗气藏的勘探开发难题,根据储层地质特征,有针对性开展了大牛地气田氮气泡沫欠平衡水平钻井工艺研究。本文首先从大牛地气田气藏特征出发,对石盒子组损害机理和保护措施进行研究,提出了石盒子组气层的保护措施。在国内外氮气泡沫欠平衡钻井环空携岩理论相关成果的基础上,运用多相流体理论和方法,建立了氮气欠平衡钻井的环空流动理论模型,采用数值方法对该模型进行求解。并对氮气泡沫钻井液进行水力学计算,提出适合现场的井底负压控制方法。对工区现有的发泡剂进行API标准试验,及钻头使用试验,提出适合工区使用的发泡剂、钻头及钻具组合。研究了氮气泡沫欠平衡安全钻井技术,为氮气泡沫欠平衡钻井的地面装备配置方案与工艺流程,安全施工细则提供了理论依据。初步形成适用于大牛地气田低压、低渗气层的氮气泡沫欠平衡钻井工艺技术,以期实现氮气泡沫欠平衡钻井技术在大牛地气田的工业化应用。
As gravity of the situation of the world's oil and gas industry exploration and development, underbalanced horizontal well demand more and more urgent. According to the geologic characters, aiming at the explorative difficult problem of gas reservoir’s low pressure and low permeation in Daniudi Gas Field , reservoir we have developed the research of nitrogen foam under-balanced drilling technology in Daniudi Gas Field gas reservoir .This article started from the gas reservoir's character , studied the gas reservoir damage principle and protection measures of the Shehezi stratum, put forward the protection measures of the Shehezi stratum . On the base of the relative achievements of nitrogen foam under-balanced drilling carry drillings theory of abroad and home ,We used multi-phase flow theory and method , set up the theoretic annular space flow of natural foam under-balanced drilling , and solved the model by making use of mathematical method . The foam using on the working area to the existing API standard test , drill using experimental , propose vesicant and BHA which are fit to the working area .We also have researched the safe drilling technology of under-balanced drilling , put forward the equipment program on the surface and technological progress of nitrogen foam under-balanced drilling , and arranged to compile safe drilling rules of nitrogen foam under-balanced drilling . By doing such we formed preliminarily the nitrogen foam under-balanced drilling technology witch was applicable to the low pressure and low permeation reservoir in Daniudi Gas Field , which is expected to realize the nitrogen foam unbalanced drilling technology can be applied industrially in Daniudi Gas Field .
As gravity of the situation of the world's oil and gas industry exploration and development, underbalanced horizontal well demand more and more urgent. According to the geologic characters, aiming at the explorative difficult problem of gas reservoir’s low pressure and low permeation in Daniudi Gas Field , reservoir we have developed the research of nitrogen foam under-balanced drilling technology in Daniudi Gas Field gas reservoir .This article started from the gas reservoir's character , studied the gas reservoir damage principle and protection measures of the Shehezi stratum, put forward the protection measures of the Shehezi stratum . On the base of the relative achievements of nitrogen foam under-balanced drilling carry drillings theory of abroad and home ,We used multi-phase flow theory and method , set up the theoretic annular space flow of natural foam under-balanced drilling , and solved the model by making use of mathematical method . The foam using on the working area to the existing API standard test , drill using experimental , propose vesicant and BHA which are fit to the working area .We also have researched the safe drilling technology of under-balanced drilling , put forward the equipment program on the surface and technological progress of nitrogen foam under-balanced drilling , and arranged to compile safe drilling rules of nitrogen foam under-balanced drilling . By doing such we formed preliminarily the nitrogen foam under-balanced drilling technology witch was applicable to the low pressure and low permeation reservoir in Daniudi Gas Field , which is expected to realize the nitrogen foam unbalanced drilling technology can be applied industrially in Daniudi Gas Field .
引文
[1]赵大鹏.天然气欠平衡钻井钻井技术及其在蜀南气田的应用研究[D].西南石油学院硕士论文.2005.
[2]费洪明.大庆油田欠平衡钻井工艺技术应用研究[D].大庆石油学院硕士学位论文.2006.
[3]周英操,翟洪军等.欠平衡钻井技术与应用[M].第一版.北京:石油工业出版社.2003.
[4]王锡洲.PDC钻头在大牛地气田DK16井钻井中的应用[J].石油钻探技术,2004,(4):80～81.
[5]赵大鹏,石晓兵等.天然气欠平衡钻井技术在浅2井的应用[J].天然气工业,2005,2月,第25卷(2):72～73.
[6]焦抗逆,郭世侯等.欠平衡长水平段水平井钻井技术[J].天然气工业,2007,27(5)57～59
[7]鲜保安,孙平等.煤层气水平井欠平衡钻井技术研究与应用[J].中国煤层气,2008,5(1):7～8
[8]周开吉.欠平衡钻井多相流动循环系统分析[J],天然气工业,1998(5)
[9]丁颖,马登峰等.滑动钻进机械钻速影响因素分析及对策[J].断块油气田,2005,12(4):71～72.
[10]段晓苗,王周强等.靖边气田水平井钻井关键技术优化设计[J].内蒙古石油化工,2008,(13):130～131.
[11]陈养龙,魏风勇等.螺杆加PDC复合钻进技术[J].断块油气田,2002,9(4):59～60
[12]周全兴.现代水平井钻井技术[M].天津大学出版社,1997:128～167.
[13]莫跃龙,王华等.欠平衡水平井技术探讨[J].西部探矿工程,2008,(6):56～57.
[14]孙建民,孙宪东等.单弯螺杆+PDC钻头在定向井中的应用问题及对策[J].江汉石油学院院报,2003,25:69.
[15]刘修善,石在虹.水平井轨道实用设计方法[J].石油钻采工艺,1994,16(1):5～7.
[16]张军,孟英峰等.欠平衡钻井技术研究现状[J].南方油气,2005,18(4):54～56.
[17]都振川,周继坤等.大牛地气田DF2井施工技术[Z].
[18]徐艳梅,郭平等.大牛地气田储集层应力敏感性研究[J].特殊油气藏,2007,14(3):13～14.
[19]刘忠群,胡杨.大牛地气田山西组山1段储层孔隙结构特征[J].断块油气田,2008,15(5):37～38.
[20]张志强.江汉油田水平井保护油气层技术研究[D].中国地质大学硕士学位论文.2004.
[21]徐同台.水平井钻井液与完井液[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1999.
[22]常子恒.石油勘探技术[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2001.
[23]张凤奎.薄油层水平井钻井完井技术研究[D].大庆石油学院硕士学位论文.2007.
[24]韦实编译.合理选择钻井液是欠平衡钻井成功的关键[J].世界石油,2000,7(1).
[25]赵卫仁.欠平衡泡沫钻井技术[J].天然气工业.1999(5).
[26]张立君,肖新磊.欠平衡充氮气技术在王古1井的应用[J].西部探矿工程,2006(3):174～175.
[27]杨景利.胜利油田低密度充(氮)气钻井液的研究与应用[J].钻井液与完井液,2004,21(5).
[28]孙洪钰.氮气泡沫欠平衡钻井数学模型研究[J].内蒙古石油化工,2006(11).
[29]A.F.Negrao,J.C.Cunha.An overview of Air/Gas/Foam Drilling in Brazil[J].SPE Drill and Completion,14(2).
[30]LyonsC.Air and Gas Drilling manual[J].Gulf Publishing.1983.
[31]Ikoku,C.U,Azar J.J.Determining Volume Requirements Air and Gas Drilling[J].World Oil,1980.
[32]Hogg , T.W.Colombian.Underbalance drilling operations achieve breakthrough success.IADC/SPE37677.
[33]StoneC.R. New applications for underbalanced drilling equipment. IADC/SPE37679.
[34]Ereman D.underbalanced drilling guidelines improve safery efficiency[J]. Oil Gas.1994,94(9)
[35]Churcher P.L.Properly designed underbalanced drilling fluid can limit formation damage[J]. Oil Gas.1996,94(18).
[36]Teichrob R.The changing face of underbalanced drilling technology[J].World Oil.2000,221(3):38～43.
[37]Wang Zhihua.Underbalanced drilling——Underbalanced drilling requires downhole Pressure,Oil Gas.1997.95(24):54～60.
[38]Tudor R.Underbalanced drilling in Canada.J.Can.Pet.Tech.1997,36(8):11～15.
[39]Yurkiw F.J.Optimization of underbalanced drilling operation to improve well productivity[J].J.Cna.Pet.Tech.1997,36(8):28～35.
[40]Teichrob R.R.Underbalanced foam drilling reduces hole problems and costs.Oil Gas.1997,95(33):52～55.
[41]Bennion D.B.Selection Proper fluid critical to successful UBD operation[J]. Oil Gas.1996,39(8):72～80.
[2]费洪明.大庆油田欠平衡钻井工艺技术应用研究[D].大庆石油学院硕士学位论文.2006.
[3]周英操,翟洪军等.欠平衡钻井技术与应用[M].第一版.北京:石油工业出版社.2003.
[4]王锡洲.PDC钻头在大牛地气田DK16井钻井中的应用[J].石油钻探技术,2004,(4):80～81.
[5]赵大鹏,石晓兵等.天然气欠平衡钻井技术在浅2井的应用[J].天然气工业,2005,2月,第25卷(2):72～73.
[6]焦抗逆,郭世侯等.欠平衡长水平段水平井钻井技术[J].天然气工业,2007,27(5)57～59
[7]鲜保安,孙平等.煤层气水平井欠平衡钻井技术研究与应用[J].中国煤层气,2008,5(1):7～8
[8]周开吉.欠平衡钻井多相流动循环系统分析[J],天然气工业,1998(5)
[9]丁颖,马登峰等.滑动钻进机械钻速影响因素分析及对策[J].断块油气田,2005,12(4):71～72.
[10]段晓苗,王周强等.靖边气田水平井钻井关键技术优化设计[J].内蒙古石油化工,2008,(13):130～131.
[11]陈养龙,魏风勇等.螺杆加PDC复合钻进技术[J].断块油气田,2002,9(4):59～60
[12]周全兴.现代水平井钻井技术[M].天津大学出版社,1997:128～167.
[13]莫跃龙,王华等.欠平衡水平井技术探讨[J].西部探矿工程,2008,(6):56～57.
[14]孙建民,孙宪东等.单弯螺杆+PDC钻头在定向井中的应用问题及对策[J].江汉石油学院院报,2003,25:69.
[15]刘修善,石在虹.水平井轨道实用设计方法[J].石油钻采工艺,1994,16(1):5～7.
[16]张军,孟英峰等.欠平衡钻井技术研究现状[J].南方油气,2005,18(4):54～56.
[17]都振川,周继坤等.大牛地气田DF2井施工技术[Z].
[18]徐艳梅,郭平等.大牛地气田储集层应力敏感性研究[J].特殊油气藏,2007,14(3):13～14.
[19]刘忠群,胡杨.大牛地气田山西组山1段储层孔隙结构特征[J].断块油气田,2008,15(5):37～38.
[20]张志强.江汉油田水平井保护油气层技术研究[D].中国地质大学硕士学位论文.2004.
[21]徐同台.水平井钻井液与完井液[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1999.
[22]常子恒.石油勘探技术[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2001.
[23]张凤奎.薄油层水平井钻井完井技术研究[D].大庆石油学院硕士学位论文.2007.
[24]韦实编译.合理选择钻井液是欠平衡钻井成功的关键[J].世界石油,2000,7(1).
[25]赵卫仁.欠平衡泡沫钻井技术[J].天然气工业.1999(5).
[26]张立君,肖新磊.欠平衡充氮气技术在王古1井的应用[J].西部探矿工程,2006(3):174～175.
[27]杨景利.胜利油田低密度充(氮)气钻井液的研究与应用[J].钻井液与完井液,2004,21(5).
[28]孙洪钰.氮气泡沫欠平衡钻井数学模型研究[J].内蒙古石油化工,2006(11).
[29]A.F.Negrao,J.C.Cunha.An overview of Air/Gas/Foam Drilling in Brazil[J].SPE Drill and Completion,14(2).
[30]LyonsC.Air and Gas Drilling manual[J].Gulf Publishing.1983.
[31]Ikoku,C.U,Azar J.J.Determining Volume Requirements Air and Gas Drilling[J].World Oil,1980.
[32]Hogg , T.W.Colombian.Underbalance drilling operations achieve breakthrough success.IADC/SPE37677.
[33]StoneC.R. New applications for underbalanced drilling equipment. IADC/SPE37679.
[34]Ereman D.underbalanced drilling guidelines improve safery efficiency[J]. Oil Gas.1994,94(9)
[35]Churcher P.L.Properly designed underbalanced drilling fluid can limit formation damage[J]. Oil Gas.1996,94(18).
[36]Teichrob R.The changing face of underbalanced drilling technology[J].World Oil.2000,221(3):38～43.
[37]Wang Zhihua.Underbalanced drilling——Underbalanced drilling requires downhole Pressure,Oil Gas.1997.95(24):54～60.
[38]Tudor R.Underbalanced drilling in Canada.J.Can.Pet.Tech.1997,36(8):11～15.
[39]Yurkiw F.J.Optimization of underbalanced drilling operation to improve well productivity[J].J.Cna.Pet.Tech.1997,36(8):28～35.
[40]Teichrob R.R.Underbalanced foam drilling reduces hole problems and costs.Oil Gas.1997,95(33):52～55.
[41]Bennion D.B.Selection Proper fluid critical to successful UBD operation[J]. Oil Gas.1996,39(8):72～80.