环境激励下的船舶结构模态参数识别研究
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摘要
模态参数是一个结构动态性能的重要指标。模态参数的合理与否直接影响着工程结构的运行性能。对于传统的实验模态分析方法来说,要激起大型结构的振动响应较为困难,而且因为要得到完整的输入输出信息而存在很多的局限性,难以达到满意的效果。环境激励下的模态参数识别方法仅仅基于工程结构在环境激励下的振动响应信号来得到结构的模态参数,在许多大型的工程结构中拥有广阔的应用前景。
本论文主要针对环境激励下模态参数识别方法在船舶结构中应用的可行性进行了研究。论文中提出将自然激励技术和特征系统实现算法这两种方法结合起来,并通过一系列模型实验验证了程序和算法的正确性,进而讨论了此方法在实际船舶结构中的应用特点和可行性,最后通过一艘实船结构运行状态下的振动响应,成功识别了结构的总体模态参数,这对环境激励下船舶结构的模态参数识别研究具有重要的指导意义。
首先,在文章中讨论了模态参数对工程结构的重要意义以及环境激励下的模态参数识别方法和传统实验模态识别方法的区别及优势；进而讨论了环境激励下的模态参数识别方法的分类以及其各种算法的特点和应用范围；
其次,讨论了船舶与海洋结构物所处的环境激励的特点以及船舶结构在环境激励下的响应特征,得出可以将船体结构的响应假设为白噪声与单频简谐响应的叠加；
再次,详细介绍了自然激励技术与特征系统实现算法,并提出将两者结合起来进行环境激励下的模态参数识别；使用Matlab编制了此方法的程序,进而通过简支梁、船舶梁模型以及加筋板模型等一系列模型实验验证了程序的有效性；进一步,通过计算以及实验讨论了单频激励存在时模态参数识别的处理方法。
最后,通过一艘实船结构运行状态下的振动响应进行了环境激励下的模态参数识别研究。验证了环境激励下的模态参数识别方法在实际船舶结构应用中的可行性和有效性,并为后续的工作打下了良好的理论和实验基础。
Modal parameters are very important factors on dynamic performance of structures. Whether the modal parameters are proper influences the performance of structures directly. While, the traditional methods of experimental modal test can't be very satisfactory because of the difficulty in getting the complete information of input and output, and the difficulty in exciting such big structures like ships. Modal parameters identification method based on ambient excitation can get the modal parameters just knowing the vibration responses, which has a wide application prospects in mega-structures.
In this paper, research is mainly focused on the application on ship structures of this method. The algorithm which combines Natural Excitation Technique and Eigensystem Realization Algorithm (NExT/ERA) is used in the identification process. And through a series of model experiments and a ship structure test, its validity and feasibility in ship structures are verified.
First, the importance of modal parameters to engineering structures is discussed, and in this paper, the difference between the modal parameters identification methods under ambient excitation and traditional modal test are discussed; What's more, theories and characteristics of algorithms on modal parameters identification based on ambient excitation are introduced.
Second, characteristics of the ambient excitation of ship structures are discussed, and the excitation can be assumed as a combination of white noise and harmonic components.
Third, the NExT/ERA method is introduced in detail, and the corresponding Matlab program is written, then experiments of a simply supported beam, a ship structural model and a stiffened plate model are done to verify the feasibility of the program. Through calculation and experiments, the treating methods in the situation that harmonic excitation exists are discussed.
At last, by an actual ship structure's operational modal analysis, the feasibility of modal parameters identification method based on the ambient excitation that used in ship structures is verified, which provides experimental and theoretical bases for the subsequent work.
本论文主要针对环境激励下模态参数识别方法在船舶结构中应用的可行性进行了研究。论文中提出将自然激励技术和特征系统实现算法这两种方法结合起来,并通过一系列模型实验验证了程序和算法的正确性,进而讨论了此方法在实际船舶结构中的应用特点和可行性,最后通过一艘实船结构运行状态下的振动响应,成功识别了结构的总体模态参数,这对环境激励下船舶结构的模态参数识别研究具有重要的指导意义。
首先,在文章中讨论了模态参数对工程结构的重要意义以及环境激励下的模态参数识别方法和传统实验模态识别方法的区别及优势；进而讨论了环境激励下的模态参数识别方法的分类以及其各种算法的特点和应用范围；
其次,讨论了船舶与海洋结构物所处的环境激励的特点以及船舶结构在环境激励下的响应特征,得出可以将船体结构的响应假设为白噪声与单频简谐响应的叠加；
再次,详细介绍了自然激励技术与特征系统实现算法,并提出将两者结合起来进行环境激励下的模态参数识别；使用Matlab编制了此方法的程序,进而通过简支梁、船舶梁模型以及加筋板模型等一系列模型实验验证了程序的有效性；进一步,通过计算以及实验讨论了单频激励存在时模态参数识别的处理方法。
最后,通过一艘实船结构运行状态下的振动响应进行了环境激励下的模态参数识别研究。验证了环境激励下的模态参数识别方法在实际船舶结构应用中的可行性和有效性,并为后续的工作打下了良好的理论和实验基础。
Modal parameters are very important factors on dynamic performance of structures. Whether the modal parameters are proper influences the performance of structures directly. While, the traditional methods of experimental modal test can't be very satisfactory because of the difficulty in getting the complete information of input and output, and the difficulty in exciting such big structures like ships. Modal parameters identification method based on ambient excitation can get the modal parameters just knowing the vibration responses, which has a wide application prospects in mega-structures.
In this paper, research is mainly focused on the application on ship structures of this method. The algorithm which combines Natural Excitation Technique and Eigensystem Realization Algorithm (NExT/ERA) is used in the identification process. And through a series of model experiments and a ship structure test, its validity and feasibility in ship structures are verified.
First, the importance of modal parameters to engineering structures is discussed, and in this paper, the difference between the modal parameters identification methods under ambient excitation and traditional modal test are discussed; What's more, theories and characteristics of algorithms on modal parameters identification based on ambient excitation are introduced.
Second, characteristics of the ambient excitation of ship structures are discussed, and the excitation can be assumed as a combination of white noise and harmonic components.
Third, the NExT/ERA method is introduced in detail, and the corresponding Matlab program is written, then experiments of a simply supported beam, a ship structural model and a stiffened plate model are done to verify the feasibility of the program. Through calculation and experiments, the treating methods in the situation that harmonic excitation exists are discussed.
At last, by an actual ship structure's operational modal analysis, the feasibility of modal parameters identification method based on the ambient excitation that used in ship structures is verified, which provides experimental and theoretical bases for the subsequent work.
引文
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[19]Paolo Bonato, Rosario Ceravolo, Alessandro De Stefano. The Use of Wind Excitation in Structural Identification[J]. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics. 1998:709-718.
[20]李中付,华宏星.一种非平稳环境激励下线性结构的模态参数辨识方法[J].振动与冲击.2008(03)：8-12.
[21]续秀忠,李中付,华宏星,陈兆能.非平稳环境激励下线性结构在线模态参数辨识[J].上海交通大学学报.2003(1)：118-126.
[22]续秀忠,华宏星,陈兆能.结构模态参数辨识的时频分析方法[J].噪声与振动控制.2002(5)：3-7.
[23]梁君,赵登峰.工作模态分析理论研究现状与发展[J].电子机械工程.2006,22(6)：7-8.
[24]李中付,华宏星,陈之炎等.基于环境激励的工作模态参数识别[J].上海交通大学学报.2001.35(8)：1167-1171.
[25]李中付,华宏星,陈之炎等.一种白噪声环境激励下模态参数识别方法[J].振动工程学报.2002.15(1)：52-56.
[26]郑敏,申凡,陈同纲.采用互相关复指数法进行工作模态参数识别[J].南京理工大学学报.2002,(2)：113-116.
[27]郑敏,申凡,陈怀海,鲍明.利用互相关函数进行环境激励下的模态分析[J].航空学报.2000,(6)：535-537.
[28]郑敏,申凡,鲍明.在时域中单独利用响应数据进行模态分析[J].中国机械工程.2003(05)：45-48.
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[30]Rune Brinker, Palle Andersen, Nis Moller. An Indicator for Separation of Structural and Harmonic Modes in Output-Only Modal Testing[C]. Proceedings of the 18th IMAC.2000.
[31]Edwin Reynders, Guido De Roeck. Reference-Based Combined Deterministic-Stochastic Subspace Identification for Experimental and Operational Modal Analysis [J].Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing.2008,22:617-637.
[32]R. Pintelon, B. Peeters, P. Guillaume. Continuous-Time Operational Modal Analysis in The Presence of Harmonic Disturbances[J]. Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing. 2008,22:1017-1035.
[33]P. Mohanty, D. J. Rixen. Modified SSTD method to account for harmonic excitations during operational modal analysis[J], Mechanism and Machine Theory.2004,39(12):1247-1255.
[34]P. Mohanty, D. J. Rixen. Operational modal analysis in the presence of harmonic excitation[J], Journal of Sound and Vibration.2004,270(1):93-109.
[35]P. Mohanty, D. J. Rixen. A Modified Ibrahim Time Domain Algorithm for Operational Modal Analysis Including Harmonic Excitaion[J]. Journal of Sound and Vibration.2004,275:375-390.
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[2]续秀忠,华宏星,陈兆能.基于环境激励的模态参数辨识方法综述[J].振动与冲击,2002,21(3)：1-6.
[3]Hirotugu Akaike. Power Spectrum Estimation Through Autoregressive Model Fitting[J], Annals of the Institute of Statistical Mathematics,1969,21.
[4]杨叔子,吴雅,轩建平.时间序列分析的工程应用[M].武汉：华中科技大学出版社.2007.
[5]Cole, H. A., Method and Apparatus for Measuring the Damping Characteristics of a Structure:United States,3,620,069,1971[P].
[6]Cole, H. A., On-Line Failure Detection and Damping Measurement of Aerospace Structures by the Random Decrement Signatures[R]. NASA CR-2205,1973.
[7]陈德成,姜节胜.随机减量技术的方法与理论[J].振动与冲击1984,4：31-38.
[8]James, G H. Extraction of Modal Parameter from an Operating HAWT using the Natrural Excitation Technique(NExT)[C], New Orleans LA:13th ASME Wind Energy Symposium,1994.
[9]G. H. James, T. G. Came, R. S. Edmunds. STARS Missile-Modal Analysis of First-Flight Data Using the Natural Excitation Technique, NExT[C],12th IMAC,1994.
[10]Pappa R. S, Juang J. N. Galileo Spacecraft Modal Identification Using an Eigensystem Realization Algorithm[J]. Journal of Guidance, Control and Dynamics,1985,33:15-33.
[11]Jer-Nan Juang, Richard S. Pappa. Effects of Noise on Modal Parameters Identified by the Eigensystem Realization Algorithm [J]. Journal of Guidance, Control and Dynamics,1986, 9(3):194-303.
[12]B. Peeters, G. De Roeck, T. Pollet, L. Schueremans. Stochastic Subspace Techniques Applied to Parameter Identification of Civil Engineering Structures [J]. Proceedings of New Advances in Modal Synthesis of Large Structures:Nonlinear, Damped and Nondeterministic Cases,1995:151-162.
[13]任伟新.环境振动系统识别方法的比较分析[J].福州大学学报(自然科学版),2001,29(6)：80-86.
[14]G. De Roeck, B. Peeters, W.-X. Ren. Benchmark Study on System Identification Through Ambient Vibration Measurements[C]. Proceedings of the 18th IMAC,2000.
[15]Brincker R, Zhang L M, Andersen P. Modal Identification from Ambient Response Using Frequency Domain Decomposition[J]. Proceedings of the 18th IMAC.2000.
[16]王彤,张令弥.运行模态分析的频域空间域分解法及其应用[J].航空学报, 2006,27(1)：62-66.
[17]Brincker R, Zhang L M, Andersen P. Modal Identification of Output-Only Systems Using Frequency Domain Decomposition[J]. Smart Materials and Structures.2000,10:441-445.
[18]Ibrahim S R. Efficient Random Decrement Computation for Identification of Ambient Responses[C]. Proceedings SPIE.2001.
[19]Paolo Bonato, Rosario Ceravolo, Alessandro De Stefano. The Use of Wind Excitation in Structural Identification[J]. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics. 1998:709-718.
[20]李中付,华宏星.一种非平稳环境激励下线性结构的模态参数辨识方法[J].振动与冲击.2008(03)：8-12.
[21]续秀忠,李中付,华宏星,陈兆能.非平稳环境激励下线性结构在线模态参数辨识[J].上海交通大学学报.2003(1)：118-126.
[22]续秀忠,华宏星,陈兆能.结构模态参数辨识的时频分析方法[J].噪声与振动控制.2002(5)：3-7.
[23]梁君,赵登峰.工作模态分析理论研究现状与发展[J].电子机械工程.2006,22(6)：7-8.
[24]李中付,华宏星,陈之炎等.基于环境激励的工作模态参数识别[J].上海交通大学学报.2001.35(8)：1167-1171.
[25]李中付,华宏星,陈之炎等.一种白噪声环境激励下模态参数识别方法[J].振动工程学报.2002.15(1)：52-56.
[26]郑敏,申凡,陈同纲.采用互相关复指数法进行工作模态参数识别[J].南京理工大学学报.2002,(2)：113-116.
[27]郑敏,申凡,陈怀海,鲍明.利用互相关函数进行环境激励下的模态分析[J].航空学报.2000,(6)：535-537.
[28]郑敏,申凡,鲍明.在时域中单独利用响应数据进行模态分析[J].中国机械工程.2003(05)：45-48.
[29]杨和振,李华军,黄维平.海洋平台结构环境激励的实验模态分析[J].振动与冲击.2005.24(2)：130-133
[30]Rune Brinker, Palle Andersen, Nis Moller. An Indicator for Separation of Structural and Harmonic Modes in Output-Only Modal Testing[C]. Proceedings of the 18th IMAC.2000.
[31]Edwin Reynders, Guido De Roeck. Reference-Based Combined Deterministic-Stochastic Subspace Identification for Experimental and Operational Modal Analysis [J].Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing.2008,22:617-637.
[32]R. Pintelon, B. Peeters, P. Guillaume. Continuous-Time Operational Modal Analysis in The Presence of Harmonic Disturbances[J]. Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing. 2008,22:1017-1035.
[33]P. Mohanty, D. J. Rixen. Modified SSTD method to account for harmonic excitations during operational modal analysis[J], Mechanism and Machine Theory.2004,39(12):1247-1255.
[34]P. Mohanty, D. J. Rixen. Operational modal analysis in the presence of harmonic excitation[J], Journal of Sound and Vibration.2004,270(1):93-109.
[35]P. Mohanty, D. J. Rixen. A Modified Ibrahim Time Domain Algorithm for Operational Modal Analysis Including Harmonic Excitaion[J]. Journal of Sound and Vibration.2004,275:375-390.
[36]林家浩,张亚辉.随机振动的虚拟激励法[M].北京：科学出版社,2004.
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