开关磁阻四端口机电换能器及在风力发电中的应用研究
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摘要
四端口机电换能器具有两个电气端口和两个机械端口,可以实现无级变速和功率流分配的功能。它首先被用在混合动力车上以取代机械变速箱以实现发动机的高效率工作。
分布式发电可以有效地弥补传统的大电网集中供电的缺陷,近些年成为了国内外学者的研究热点。风力发电无污染,可再生,取之不尽用之不竭,是很好的分布式电源。
作者将四端口机电换能器用于风力发电,设计了专门用于作布式电源的风力发电系统。它能够使用普通同步发电机发出恒频恒功率交流电,电能质量更好,所使用的变换器功率低于发电机功率。
论文在对四端口机电换能器的基本功能分析的基础上,论述了四端口机电换能器在风力发电上的三种作用,分析了由此构成的三种风力发电系统特点。
提出了一种基于四端口机电换能器的分布式发电系统结构。分析了四端口机电换能器作为二级变速器和功率分配器在分布式系统中应用的优势。给出了工作原理和设计风轮、增速箱、四端口机电换能器内外电机及同步发电机的参数的方法。提出了以四端口机电换能器为核心的控制策略。
对开关磁阻四端口机电换能器进行了电磁设计,并以此进行了有限元仿真,分析了开关磁阻四端口机电换能器内外电机单独工作与联合工作的转矩和电流变化情况;以转矩和电流影响率为目标分析得出了最佳中间转子轭部厚度。
分析了开关磁阻四端口机电换能器的磁路结构,得出了内外电机避免磁耦合的原则。以转矩和效率为目标,仿真分析了内电机在各个转速段的最佳开通角和关断角,为控制器的设计提供了参考。
A Four-Port Electro Mechanical Energy Convertor (FPEMEC) has two electrical ports and two mechanical ports, and can achieve the function of continuous variable transmission and power flow distribution. In the first place it was used in HEV to replace the mechanical gearbox so as to improve the engine’s work efficiency.
Distributed generation can offset the defect caused by traditional large-scale power grid effectively, so it attracted the researchers both domestic and abroad. Wind power is a favorable energy source for its pollution-free, renewable and inexhaustible.
The author of this dissertation put the FPEMEC in use of wind generation, and designed a kind of wind power system for distributed power grid. It can make a synchronous machine to generate an AC power with constant frequency and constant power, the power quality is better and the power of matching convertor is lower than the generator.
Through the basically analysis of the function of FPEMEC, this paper discussed its three type of function in wind generation, thus analyzed the characteristics of the three wind power systems.
A kind of distributed generation system structure based on FPEMEC was proposed, the advantages in application of distributed power system as secondary transmission and power allocator was analyzed, the operation principles and the methods of parameter confirm and design of wind turbine, speed-increasing gearbox and FPEMEC was proposed too, in the last, the control strategy of FPEMEC was brought out.
The electromagnetic design of switch reluctance based FPEMEC was put forward, and its FEM simulation was done to analysis the torque and current variable situation when the inner or outer machine operate independently or simultaneously, through the goal analysis of their influence extent, the optimal thickness of interrotor yoke was obtained.
The magnetic circuit structure of switch reluctance based FPEMEC was put into analysis too, and the principle of avoid inner and outer magnetic coupling was obtained. Aim to the torque performance and work efficiency, the optimal turn on or off angle in different speed segment of inner machine was analyzed trough simulation, which is beneficial to the design of its controller.
分布式发电可以有效地弥补传统的大电网集中供电的缺陷,近些年成为了国内外学者的研究热点。风力发电无污染,可再生,取之不尽用之不竭,是很好的分布式电源。
作者将四端口机电换能器用于风力发电,设计了专门用于作布式电源的风力发电系统。它能够使用普通同步发电机发出恒频恒功率交流电,电能质量更好,所使用的变换器功率低于发电机功率。
论文在对四端口机电换能器的基本功能分析的基础上,论述了四端口机电换能器在风力发电上的三种作用,分析了由此构成的三种风力发电系统特点。
提出了一种基于四端口机电换能器的分布式发电系统结构。分析了四端口机电换能器作为二级变速器和功率分配器在分布式系统中应用的优势。给出了工作原理和设计风轮、增速箱、四端口机电换能器内外电机及同步发电机的参数的方法。提出了以四端口机电换能器为核心的控制策略。
对开关磁阻四端口机电换能器进行了电磁设计,并以此进行了有限元仿真,分析了开关磁阻四端口机电换能器内外电机单独工作与联合工作的转矩和电流变化情况;以转矩和电流影响率为目标分析得出了最佳中间转子轭部厚度。
分析了开关磁阻四端口机电换能器的磁路结构,得出了内外电机避免磁耦合的原则。以转矩和效率为目标,仿真分析了内电机在各个转速段的最佳开通角和关断角,为控制器的设计提供了参考。
A Four-Port Electro Mechanical Energy Convertor (FPEMEC) has two electrical ports and two mechanical ports, and can achieve the function of continuous variable transmission and power flow distribution. In the first place it was used in HEV to replace the mechanical gearbox so as to improve the engine’s work efficiency.
Distributed generation can offset the defect caused by traditional large-scale power grid effectively, so it attracted the researchers both domestic and abroad. Wind power is a favorable energy source for its pollution-free, renewable and inexhaustible.
The author of this dissertation put the FPEMEC in use of wind generation, and designed a kind of wind power system for distributed power grid. It can make a synchronous machine to generate an AC power with constant frequency and constant power, the power quality is better and the power of matching convertor is lower than the generator.
Through the basically analysis of the function of FPEMEC, this paper discussed its three type of function in wind generation, thus analyzed the characteristics of the three wind power systems.
A kind of distributed generation system structure based on FPEMEC was proposed, the advantages in application of distributed power system as secondary transmission and power allocator was analyzed, the operation principles and the methods of parameter confirm and design of wind turbine, speed-increasing gearbox and FPEMEC was proposed too, in the last, the control strategy of FPEMEC was brought out.
The electromagnetic design of switch reluctance based FPEMEC was put forward, and its FEM simulation was done to analysis the torque and current variable situation when the inner or outer machine operate independently or simultaneously, through the goal analysis of their influence extent, the optimal thickness of interrotor yoke was obtained.
The magnetic circuit structure of switch reluctance based FPEMEC was put into analysis too, and the principle of avoid inner and outer magnetic coupling was obtained. Aim to the torque performance and work efficiency, the optimal turn on or off angle in different speed segment of inner machine was analyzed trough simulation, which is beneficial to the design of its controller.
引文
1刘其辉.浙江大学博士学位论文.变速恒频风力发电系统运行与控制研究. 2005: 1~3
2梁才浩,段献忠.分布式发电及其对电力系统的影响.电力系统自动化. 2001, 25(12): 53~56
3王敏,丁明.分布式发电及其效益.合肥工业大学学报. 2004.4, 27(4): 354~358
4 Cell G, Pilo F. Optimal Distributed Generation Allocation in MV Distribution Networks. Proceedings of 2001 IEEE power Engineering Society Summer Meeting, 2001, Sydney(Australia): 81~86
5 Kim T E, Kim J E. Voltage Regulation coordination of Distribution System in Distribution System. Proceedings of 2001 IEEE Power Engineering Society Summer Meeting. Vol 1. Vancouver(Canada), 2001: 480~484
6梁有伟,胡志坚,陈允平.分布式发电系统及其在电力系统中的应用研究综述.电网技术. 2003, 12(27): 72~77
7 Ackerman T, Anderson G, Seder L. Distributed generation: a definition. Electric Power System Research. 2001, 57(6): 195~204
8 El-khattamw salama ma. Distribution system planning using Distributed generation. In proceedings of IEEE Canada conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering, 2003, Montreal(Canada): 579~582
9 M. Hoeijmakers. The Electrical Variable Transmission in motor vehicles. EMechForce. 2001: 1~2
10 M. J. Hoeijmakers, M. Rondel. The Electrical Variable Transmission in a city bus. 35th IEEE Power Electronics Specialist Conference, 2004, Aachen, Germany: 2273~2278
11 M. J. Hoeijmakers, J. A. Ferreia. The Electrical Variable Transmission. Conference Record of the 2004 IEEE Industry Applications Conference 39th IAS Annual Meeting, 2004, Seattle, Washington, USA
12 M. J. Hoeijmakers. Electromechanical Converter. Patent WO 03/075437 A1, March 2002
13宁可望.双转子机电能量变换器的基础研究.哈尔滨工业大学硕士学位论文.2006: 8~11
14黄文祥,程远,宁可望,崔淑梅.混合动力车用感应式四端口机电能量变换器的设计与实验研究.第五届北京国际节能环保汽车展览会论文集. 2007.9
15 Cui Shumei, Huang Wenxiang, Cheng Yuan, Ning Kewang, C.C. Chan. Design and Experimental Research on Induction Machine based Electrical Variable Transmission. Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference 2007. Arlington (America)
16 W. Qiang, T. B?ckstr?m and C. Sadarangni. A Novel Drive Strategy for Hybrid Electric Vehicles. IEEE International Electrical Machines and Drives Conference, 2001, Boston: 79~81
17 S. Eriksson, C. Sadarangani. A Four-Quadrant HEV Drive System. IEEE 56th Vehicular Technology Conference, vol.3, 2002: 1510~1514
18 T. B?ckstr?m, C. Sadarangni, and S. ?stlund. Integrated Energy Transducer Drive for Hybrid Electric Vehicles. 7th European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications, 1997, Trondheim, Norway: 239~243
19 S. Chatelet. Efficiency Measuring System for Hybrid Electric Vehicle Energy Transducers. Proceedings of IEEE VTS Vehicle Power and Propulsion symposium, Oct. 2004, Paris, France
20 S. Chatelet, C. Sadarangani. Four-Quadrant Energy Transducer Test Bench. EVS-19, 2002, Busan, Korea: 235~243
21 S. Chatelet, C. Sadarangni, P. Thelin. Test bench for Electromagnetic Energy Transducer in Hybrid Electric Vehicles. Proceedings of the Nordic Workshop on Power and Industrial Electronics (NORpie), Aug. 2002, Stockholm, Sweden: 1~3
22 P. Zheng, P. Thelin, E. Nordlund, S. Eriksson, C. Sadarangani. Consideration of Skewed Slots in the Performance Calculations of a Four-Quadrant Transducer. Proceedings of IEEE VTS Vehicle Power and Propulsion symposium, Oct. 2004, Paris, France
23 P. Zheng, P Thelin, A. Chen, E. Nordlund. Measurements and Calculations of Inductances of a 4QT Hybrid Electric Vehicle Prototype Machine. Proceedings of IEEE VTS Vehicle Power and Propulsion symposium, Oct. 2004, Paris, France
24赵航,史广奎,黄苏融等.双转子混合动力复合永磁电机.发明专利.申请号: 200510014393.2
25崔淑梅,宋立伟,韩守亮,程远,陈清泉.磁阻式四端口机电能量变换器.发明专利.申请号: 200710072358.5
26韩守亮.用于电动汽车传动的双转子开关磁阻电动机的研究.哈尔滨工业大学硕士学位论文. 2007: 5~7,37~39
27 Longya Xu. A New Breed of Electrical Mchines-Basic Analysis and Applications of Dual Mechanical Port Electric Machines. 8th ICEMS, 2005, Nanjing: 24~31
28 Zhao Feng, Wen Xuhui, Chen Jingwei. Modeling of PM-PM Dual Mechanical Ports Electric Machines. IEEE Industrial Electronics, IECON 2006 - 32nd Annual Conference on: 1251~1256
29 F. Magnussen, C. Sadarangani. Electromagnetic Transducer for Hybrid Electric Vehicles. Nordic Workshop on Power and Industry Electronics, Aug. 2002
30 E. Nordlund, S. Eriksson. Test and Verification of a Four-Quadrant Transducer for HEV Applications. IEEE Conference on Vehicle Power and Propulsion, Sept. 2005: 37~41
31黄苏融,刘行,张琪等.双转轴混合磁路能量变换器及其冷却结构的研究.微特电机. 2006,(9): 1~3
32宫靖远.风电场工程技术手册.机械工业出版社, 2004
33 D.勒古里雷斯[法].风力机的理论与设计.机械工业出版社, 1987
34马洪飞,徐殿国,苗立杰.几种变速恒频风力发电系统控制方案的对比分析.电工技术杂志. 2000,(10): 1~4
35 Pena R. Clare J C, Asher G M. Doubly Fed Induction Generator Using Back-Back PWM Converters and its Application to Variable-Speed Wind-Energy Generation. IEEE Proceedings Electric Power Application. 1996(3): 231~241。
36 IOANNEDES M.G. Doubly Fed Induction Machine State Variables Model and Dynamic Response. IEEE Trans Energy Conversion.1991, 16(1):55~61
37 ANDES DEIJO. A Third Order Model for the Doubly-Fed Induction Machine. Electric Power Systems Research.2000:121~127
38邱瑞昌,姜学东,闫耀民等.转子感应电势定向的双馈风力发电系统研究.电工技术学报. 2004, 19(4): 40~44
39卞松江.变速恒频风力发电关键技术研究.浙江大学博士学位论文. 2003: 43~46
40邹旭东.变速恒频交流励磁双馈风力发电系统及其控制技术研究.华中科技大学博士学位论文. 2005: 2~4。
41 R E Hanitsch, M S Widyan. Design, Construction and Test of a Permanent-Magnet Prototype Machine for Wind Energy Applications. ICEMS Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Permanent Magent Machines, 2005, 1: 159~164
42 Ki-Chan Kim, Seung-Bin Lim, Ki-Bong Jang. Analysis on the Direct-Driven High Power Permanent Magnet Generator for Wind Turbine. ICEMS Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Permanent Magent Machines, 2005, 1: 243~247
43侯庆明.中小型永磁直驱风力发电控制系统的设计和仿真.沈阳工业大学硕士学位论文. 2006.3
44柏建龙.中小型直驱式永磁风力发电机设计及特性研究.沈阳工业大学硕士学位论文. 2006.3
45程明,花为.电气无级变速双功率流风力发电机组.发明专利.申请号: 200710019236.X
46陈恺.分布式电源优化规划.天津大学硕士学位论文. 2006: 2~3
47杨培宏,刘文颖.分布式发电的种类及前景.农村电气化. 2007: 54~56
48刘其辉,贺益康,赵仁德.变速恒频风力发电系统最大风能追踪控制.电力系统自动化. 2003, 27(20): 62~67
49马昕霞,宋明中,李永光.风力发电并网技术及其对电能质量的影响.上海电力学院学报. 2006.9: 283~291
50胡海燕.开关磁阻风力发电系统的研究.浙江大学硕士学位论文. 2005: 16~17
51吴建华.开关磁阻电机设计与应用.机械工业出版社. 2001: 6~18
52王宏华.开关型磁阻电动机调速控制技术.机械工业出版社. 1995: 2~12
53孙剑波.开关磁阻电机的减振降噪和低转矩脉动研究.华中科技大学博士学位论文. 2005: 90~94
2梁才浩,段献忠.分布式发电及其对电力系统的影响.电力系统自动化. 2001, 25(12): 53~56
3王敏,丁明.分布式发电及其效益.合肥工业大学学报. 2004.4, 27(4): 354~358
4 Cell G, Pilo F. Optimal Distributed Generation Allocation in MV Distribution Networks. Proceedings of 2001 IEEE power Engineering Society Summer Meeting, 2001, Sydney(Australia): 81~86
5 Kim T E, Kim J E. Voltage Regulation coordination of Distribution System in Distribution System. Proceedings of 2001 IEEE Power Engineering Society Summer Meeting. Vol 1. Vancouver(Canada), 2001: 480~484
6梁有伟,胡志坚,陈允平.分布式发电系统及其在电力系统中的应用研究综述.电网技术. 2003, 12(27): 72~77
7 Ackerman T, Anderson G, Seder L. Distributed generation: a definition. Electric Power System Research. 2001, 57(6): 195~204
8 El-khattamw salama ma. Distribution system planning using Distributed generation. In proceedings of IEEE Canada conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering, 2003, Montreal(Canada): 579~582
9 M. Hoeijmakers. The Electrical Variable Transmission in motor vehicles. EMechForce. 2001: 1~2
10 M. J. Hoeijmakers, M. Rondel. The Electrical Variable Transmission in a city bus. 35th IEEE Power Electronics Specialist Conference, 2004, Aachen, Germany: 2273~2278
11 M. J. Hoeijmakers, J. A. Ferreia. The Electrical Variable Transmission. Conference Record of the 2004 IEEE Industry Applications Conference 39th IAS Annual Meeting, 2004, Seattle, Washington, USA
12 M. J. Hoeijmakers. Electromechanical Converter. Patent WO 03/075437 A1, March 2002
13宁可望.双转子机电能量变换器的基础研究.哈尔滨工业大学硕士学位论文.2006: 8~11
14黄文祥,程远,宁可望,崔淑梅.混合动力车用感应式四端口机电能量变换器的设计与实验研究.第五届北京国际节能环保汽车展览会论文集. 2007.9
15 Cui Shumei, Huang Wenxiang, Cheng Yuan, Ning Kewang, C.C. Chan. Design and Experimental Research on Induction Machine based Electrical Variable Transmission. Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference 2007. Arlington (America)
16 W. Qiang, T. B?ckstr?m and C. Sadarangni. A Novel Drive Strategy for Hybrid Electric Vehicles. IEEE International Electrical Machines and Drives Conference, 2001, Boston: 79~81
17 S. Eriksson, C. Sadarangani. A Four-Quadrant HEV Drive System. IEEE 56th Vehicular Technology Conference, vol.3, 2002: 1510~1514
18 T. B?ckstr?m, C. Sadarangni, and S. ?stlund. Integrated Energy Transducer Drive for Hybrid Electric Vehicles. 7th European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications, 1997, Trondheim, Norway: 239~243
19 S. Chatelet. Efficiency Measuring System for Hybrid Electric Vehicle Energy Transducers. Proceedings of IEEE VTS Vehicle Power and Propulsion symposium, Oct. 2004, Paris, France
20 S. Chatelet, C. Sadarangani. Four-Quadrant Energy Transducer Test Bench. EVS-19, 2002, Busan, Korea: 235~243
21 S. Chatelet, C. Sadarangni, P. Thelin. Test bench for Electromagnetic Energy Transducer in Hybrid Electric Vehicles. Proceedings of the Nordic Workshop on Power and Industrial Electronics (NORpie), Aug. 2002, Stockholm, Sweden: 1~3
22 P. Zheng, P. Thelin, E. Nordlund, S. Eriksson, C. Sadarangani. Consideration of Skewed Slots in the Performance Calculations of a Four-Quadrant Transducer. Proceedings of IEEE VTS Vehicle Power and Propulsion symposium, Oct. 2004, Paris, France
23 P. Zheng, P Thelin, A. Chen, E. Nordlund. Measurements and Calculations of Inductances of a 4QT Hybrid Electric Vehicle Prototype Machine. Proceedings of IEEE VTS Vehicle Power and Propulsion symposium, Oct. 2004, Paris, France
24赵航,史广奎,黄苏融等.双转子混合动力复合永磁电机.发明专利.申请号: 200510014393.2
25崔淑梅,宋立伟,韩守亮,程远,陈清泉.磁阻式四端口机电能量变换器.发明专利.申请号: 200710072358.5
26韩守亮.用于电动汽车传动的双转子开关磁阻电动机的研究.哈尔滨工业大学硕士学位论文. 2007: 5~7,37~39
27 Longya Xu. A New Breed of Electrical Mchines-Basic Analysis and Applications of Dual Mechanical Port Electric Machines. 8th ICEMS, 2005, Nanjing: 24~31
28 Zhao Feng, Wen Xuhui, Chen Jingwei. Modeling of PM-PM Dual Mechanical Ports Electric Machines. IEEE Industrial Electronics, IECON 2006 - 32nd Annual Conference on: 1251~1256
29 F. Magnussen, C. Sadarangani. Electromagnetic Transducer for Hybrid Electric Vehicles. Nordic Workshop on Power and Industry Electronics, Aug. 2002
30 E. Nordlund, S. Eriksson. Test and Verification of a Four-Quadrant Transducer for HEV Applications. IEEE Conference on Vehicle Power and Propulsion, Sept. 2005: 37~41
31黄苏融,刘行,张琪等.双转轴混合磁路能量变换器及其冷却结构的研究.微特电机. 2006,(9): 1~3
32宫靖远.风电场工程技术手册.机械工业出版社, 2004
33 D.勒古里雷斯[法].风力机的理论与设计.机械工业出版社, 1987
34马洪飞,徐殿国,苗立杰.几种变速恒频风力发电系统控制方案的对比分析.电工技术杂志. 2000,(10): 1~4
35 Pena R. Clare J C, Asher G M. Doubly Fed Induction Generator Using Back-Back PWM Converters and its Application to Variable-Speed Wind-Energy Generation. IEEE Proceedings Electric Power Application. 1996(3): 231~241。
36 IOANNEDES M.G. Doubly Fed Induction Machine State Variables Model and Dynamic Response. IEEE Trans Energy Conversion.1991, 16(1):55~61
37 ANDES DEIJO. A Third Order Model for the Doubly-Fed Induction Machine. Electric Power Systems Research.2000:121~127
38邱瑞昌,姜学东,闫耀民等.转子感应电势定向的双馈风力发电系统研究.电工技术学报. 2004, 19(4): 40~44
39卞松江.变速恒频风力发电关键技术研究.浙江大学博士学位论文. 2003: 43~46
40邹旭东.变速恒频交流励磁双馈风力发电系统及其控制技术研究.华中科技大学博士学位论文. 2005: 2~4。
41 R E Hanitsch, M S Widyan. Design, Construction and Test of a Permanent-Magnet Prototype Machine for Wind Energy Applications. ICEMS Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Permanent Magent Machines, 2005, 1: 159~164
42 Ki-Chan Kim, Seung-Bin Lim, Ki-Bong Jang. Analysis on the Direct-Driven High Power Permanent Magnet Generator for Wind Turbine. ICEMS Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Permanent Magent Machines, 2005, 1: 243~247
43侯庆明.中小型永磁直驱风力发电控制系统的设计和仿真.沈阳工业大学硕士学位论文. 2006.3
44柏建龙.中小型直驱式永磁风力发电机设计及特性研究.沈阳工业大学硕士学位论文. 2006.3
45程明,花为.电气无级变速双功率流风力发电机组.发明专利.申请号: 200710019236.X
46陈恺.分布式电源优化规划.天津大学硕士学位论文. 2006: 2~3
47杨培宏,刘文颖.分布式发电的种类及前景.农村电气化. 2007: 54~56
48刘其辉,贺益康,赵仁德.变速恒频风力发电系统最大风能追踪控制.电力系统自动化. 2003, 27(20): 62~67
49马昕霞,宋明中,李永光.风力发电并网技术及其对电能质量的影响.上海电力学院学报. 2006.9: 283~291
50胡海燕.开关磁阻风力发电系统的研究.浙江大学硕士学位论文. 2005: 16~17
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