可视化应用于信息分析
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摘要
可视化是近年来兴起的一项跨学科的研究,可视化将信息或数据转化为图形形式,充分利用人们对可视信息的快速识别的自然能力,达到使信息利用者快速理解、消化信息或数据的目的。良好的可视界面使得人们能够观察、研究、探索、分析和理解大规模数据,并与之交互,从而可以极其有效地发现隐藏在信息内部的特征和规律。因此,尽管可视化产生于计算机领域,但它产生后立即引起情报学界的关注。
本文侧重于从情报学的角度对信息可视化进行研究,研究‘内容包括对可视化理论在信息获取和信息分析领域的应用进行调研和分析,以及对可视化技术的调研与讨论。本文共分为4个部分：
第一章主要内容包括：本文的研究背景：信息可视化是一个古老而年轻的领域,又是一个多学科研究领域,其研究方法较多,文献来源不一,相关成果较为分散。因此需要对本文的基本框架,研究方法、调研的对象、信息可视化领域的主要成果等等进行简略的介绍；可视化的相关概念：对与本研究最相关的一些概念进行了调研,介绍国际上对这些相关概念的定义,及权威机构对它们的研究情况。包括可视化、科学可视化、信息可视化、知识可视化等；可视化的研究进展：根据本人对于可视化的调研,分学术著作、研究人员、协会及会议3个方面,对当前可视化研究的主要进展进行了介绍。
第二章讨论信息可视化和可视化技术在信息获取中的应用。信息获取是现代情报学致力解决的主要问题之一。信息获取不仅包括获取自己不曾拥有的信息,也包括对自己虽然拥有,但由于阅读、认知或理解的障碍无法“获取”的信息。信息可视化则是帮助人们克服阅读、认知或理解障碍的重要手段,因而它也成为信息获取的重要方式。本章讨论的内容包括：可视化技术应用于信息检索,可视化技术应用于新闻信息获取,可视化技术应用于图片信息获取,可视化技术应用于地理信息获取,可视化技术应用于文本信息获取,色彩技术,可视化应用于音乐信息获取,可视化技术应用于商业智能,可视化技术应用于及时信息及学术信息获取,可视化技术应用于娱乐生活信息获取。
第三章讨论信息可视化和可视化技术在信息分析中的应用。信息分析的目的是从已有信息中发现隐性内容。传统信息分析方法更侧重通过结构化的或量化的方法从已有信息中发现信息,这种方法是行之有效的,目前仍是信息分析的主流方法。但是由于信息可视化方法在信息表述方面的优势,人们通过信息可视化方法从已有信息中发现隐性内容的方法也正在逐步形成与完善。本文所讨论的内容包括：空间分析领域中的可视化,可视化技术应用于社会网络分析,可视化技术应用于共引网络的分析,层次信息的可视化分析,可视化技术应用于专利分析。
第四章讨论可视化技术。当今信息可视化受人关注,一方面是各类信息的爆炸式增长给人们的信息活动带来严重困扰,另一方面则是在计算机技术的强力支持下的可视化技术的发展,为人们解决信息困扰开辟了新的通道。离开了信息技术的支持,信息可视化只能是古老的信息表达-“图示”,无法成为一个蓬勃发展的新领域。本章内容包括：可视化模型与算法,可视化工具与网络平台,等等。
Visualization is an interdisciplinary research field in recent decades, visualizing data or information in graphic form, making sense of data and information effectively and quickly, retrieval, access and anal-ysis large datasets, and interact with computer system, exploring the information unseen. Visualization became a hot research topic in Information Science immediately, although it comes from Computer Sci-ence.
This thesis focus on the applications of information visualization, from the perspective of Informa-tion Science, including the research and analysis of visualization theory in information access and informa-tion analysis, and the conclusion of visualization technologies. This thesis is divided into four chapters, draw a conclusion of information visualization development, frome information access to information analysis:
The first chapter contains the research background:information visualization is an area of multidis-ciplinary research field, with diversely research methods, documents resources and practices; the research framework, research methods, research object, the research field of information visualization; visual con-cepts:the most relevant survey results, concepts, definitions, such as visualization, scientific visualization, knowledge visualization; latest research:academic papers and books, researchers, associations and pro-ceedings.
The second chapter discusses the application of information visualization and visualization tech-niques in information access, not only about the information we never had, but also the information we have got but had not understand just by reading. Information visualization is an important way to help people overcome this ba in information access. This chapter include:visualization technologies in infor-mation retrieval, news, image, geographic information, text mining, color, music, business intelligence, real-time information, academic information and entertainment information.
The third chapter discusses information visualization and visualization technology in information analysis, aims to discover hidden information from existing content. Although traditional and common information analysis method based on the structured or quantitative fact of information from existing in-formation is effective, however, considering the advantages of information visualization, the reseach and applications of information visualization method is gradually formed and becoming perfect. This chap-ter contains:spatial analysis, social network analysis, complex network analysis, hierarchical information analysis and patent analysis.
The fourth chapter is about the information visualization technologies:models and tools, especially online tools.
本文侧重于从情报学的角度对信息可视化进行研究,研究‘内容包括对可视化理论在信息获取和信息分析领域的应用进行调研和分析,以及对可视化技术的调研与讨论。本文共分为4个部分：
第一章主要内容包括：本文的研究背景：信息可视化是一个古老而年轻的领域,又是一个多学科研究领域,其研究方法较多,文献来源不一,相关成果较为分散。因此需要对本文的基本框架,研究方法、调研的对象、信息可视化领域的主要成果等等进行简略的介绍；可视化的相关概念：对与本研究最相关的一些概念进行了调研,介绍国际上对这些相关概念的定义,及权威机构对它们的研究情况。包括可视化、科学可视化、信息可视化、知识可视化等；可视化的研究进展：根据本人对于可视化的调研,分学术著作、研究人员、协会及会议3个方面,对当前可视化研究的主要进展进行了介绍。
第二章讨论信息可视化和可视化技术在信息获取中的应用。信息获取是现代情报学致力解决的主要问题之一。信息获取不仅包括获取自己不曾拥有的信息,也包括对自己虽然拥有,但由于阅读、认知或理解的障碍无法“获取”的信息。信息可视化则是帮助人们克服阅读、认知或理解障碍的重要手段,因而它也成为信息获取的重要方式。本章讨论的内容包括：可视化技术应用于信息检索,可视化技术应用于新闻信息获取,可视化技术应用于图片信息获取,可视化技术应用于地理信息获取,可视化技术应用于文本信息获取,色彩技术,可视化应用于音乐信息获取,可视化技术应用于商业智能,可视化技术应用于及时信息及学术信息获取,可视化技术应用于娱乐生活信息获取。
第三章讨论信息可视化和可视化技术在信息分析中的应用。信息分析的目的是从已有信息中发现隐性内容。传统信息分析方法更侧重通过结构化的或量化的方法从已有信息中发现信息,这种方法是行之有效的,目前仍是信息分析的主流方法。但是由于信息可视化方法在信息表述方面的优势,人们通过信息可视化方法从已有信息中发现隐性内容的方法也正在逐步形成与完善。本文所讨论的内容包括：空间分析领域中的可视化,可视化技术应用于社会网络分析,可视化技术应用于共引网络的分析,层次信息的可视化分析,可视化技术应用于专利分析。
第四章讨论可视化技术。当今信息可视化受人关注,一方面是各类信息的爆炸式增长给人们的信息活动带来严重困扰,另一方面则是在计算机技术的强力支持下的可视化技术的发展,为人们解决信息困扰开辟了新的通道。离开了信息技术的支持,信息可视化只能是古老的信息表达-“图示”,无法成为一个蓬勃发展的新领域。本章内容包括：可视化模型与算法,可视化工具与网络平台,等等。
Visualization is an interdisciplinary research field in recent decades, visualizing data or information in graphic form, making sense of data and information effectively and quickly, retrieval, access and anal-ysis large datasets, and interact with computer system, exploring the information unseen. Visualization became a hot research topic in Information Science immediately, although it comes from Computer Sci-ence.
This thesis focus on the applications of information visualization, from the perspective of Informa-tion Science, including the research and analysis of visualization theory in information access and informa-tion analysis, and the conclusion of visualization technologies. This thesis is divided into four chapters, draw a conclusion of information visualization development, frome information access to information analysis:
The first chapter contains the research background:information visualization is an area of multidis-ciplinary research field, with diversely research methods, documents resources and practices; the research framework, research methods, research object, the research field of information visualization; visual con-cepts:the most relevant survey results, concepts, definitions, such as visualization, scientific visualization, knowledge visualization; latest research:academic papers and books, researchers, associations and pro-ceedings.
The second chapter discusses the application of information visualization and visualization tech-niques in information access, not only about the information we never had, but also the information we have got but had not understand just by reading. Information visualization is an important way to help people overcome this ba in information access. This chapter include:visualization technologies in infor-mation retrieval, news, image, geographic information, text mining, color, music, business intelligence, real-time information, academic information and entertainment information.
The third chapter discusses information visualization and visualization technology in information analysis, aims to discover hidden information from existing content. Although traditional and common information analysis method based on the structured or quantitative fact of information from existing in-formation is effective, however, considering the advantages of information visualization, the reseach and applications of information visualization method is gradually formed and becoming perfect. This chap-ter contains:spatial analysis, social network analysis, complex network analysis, hierarchical information analysis and patent analysis.
The fourth chapter is about the information visualization technologies:models and tools, especially online tools.
引文
[1]Friendly M, Denis D. Milestones in the history of thematic cartography, statistical graphics, and data visualization[J]. Retrieved August,2005,7.
[2]Winn W. Viualization in Learning and Instruction-a Cognitive Approach[J]. Ectj-Educational Communication and Technology Journal,1982,30(1):3-25.
[3]R S. Information Visualization:Design for Interaction[M]. Englewood Cliffs, NJ:Prentice Hall, 2007.
[4]Chi E. A Framework for Visualizing Information[M].[S.l.]:Kluwer Academic Pub,2002.
[5]McCormick B H, DeFanti T A, Brown M D. Visualization in Scientific Computing[R].[S.;.]:[s.n.] ,1987.
[6]McCormick B H, DeFanti T A, Brown M D. Visualization in Scientific Computing[J]. Computer Graphics,1987.
[7]刘则渊,陈悦,侯海燕.科学知识图谱：方法与应用[M].北京：人民出版社,2008：3-52.
[8]K C S, D M J, B S. Readings in information visualization:using vision to think[M].[S.l.]:Morgan Kaufmann,1999.
[9]Chen C. Information Visualisation and Virtual Environments[J].1999.
[10]Chen C. Information Visualization:Beyond the Horizon[J].2006.
[11]Chen C, (?) "ardle W,Unwin A. Handbook of data visualization[M]. [S.l.]:Springer Verlag,2008.
[12]Blei D M, Ng A Y, Jordan M (?). Latent dirichlet allocation[J]. Journal of Machine Learning Research, 2003,3:993-1022.
[13]陈百齡.当记者本身也成为资讯(?)源-记者、美编与图像[J].新闻学研究.
[14](?)文辉,吴筱玫,R P A.台湾报纸头版设计趋势分析：1952-1996[J].新闻学研究,1999(59).
[15]Griffin J L, Stevenson R L. Influence of text and graphics in increasing understanding of foreign news context[J]. Newspaper Research Journal,1992,13(2).
[16]Griffin J L,Stevenson R L.The effectiveness of locator maps in increasing reader understanding of the geography of foreign news[J]. journalism Quarterly,71(4).
[17]Kelly J D.The effects of display format and data density on time spent reading statistics in text,tables and graphs[J].Journalism Quarterly,70(1).
[18]陈韻如,(?)幼唯,隙建文.[S.l.]：[s.n.].
[19]Slatest.News Dots:The Day's Events as a Social Network[EB/OL].http://slatest.slate.com/ features/news dots/default.htm.
[20]Erle S, Gibson R. Google Maps Hacks[M].[S.l.]: O' Reilly Media, Inc., 2005. http://www amazon.com/exec/obidos/redirect?tag=citeulike07-20&path=ASIN/0596101619.
[21]苏椰.The map of Market[EB/OL]. http://www.bewitched.com/marketmap.html.
[22]R P. A year-by-year tour of how Twitter has been taking over the world[EB/OL]. http://royal.pingdom.com/2009/09/15/ a-year-by-year-tour-of-how-twitter-has-been-taking-over-the-world/
[23]麦肯锡季刊.一个国家,多个市场-用麦肯锡城市群方法瞄准中国消费(?)(?)[EB/OL].https://china.m(?)kinseyquarterly.com/Marketing/Branding/One_Country Many__Markets__2547?pagenum=2.
[24]Research F Appraising Your Investment In Enterprise Web Analytics[J]. 2009.
[25]Andrienko G,Andrienko N,Jankowski P,et al.Geovisual analytics for spatial decision support: Setting the research agenda[J].International Journal of Geographical Information Science,2007, 21(8):839-858.http://geoanalytics.net/and/papers/ijgis07.pdf.
[26]Ginsberg J,Mohebbi M H,Patel R S,et al.Detecting influenza epidemics using search engine query data[J].Nature,2008,457(7232):1012-1014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature07634
[27]王建冬.基于复杂网络方法的国内信息服务研究概念网络分析[J].现代图书情报技术,2009(10).
[28]F F.Map of the Market[FB/OL].http://www.bewitched.com/marketmap.html.
[29]G K Y,H S J,C P S.Visualization of patent analysis for emerging technology[J].Expert Systems with Applications,2008,34(3):1804-1812.
[30]of Invention J I,Innovation. Guide book for practical use of[J].
[31]Reuters T.Aureka[R].[S.l.]:[s.n.].
[32]常政.携势先动,厚积薄发——走进北京国双科技有限公司[J].程序员,2010(1)：31-33.
[33]S V. Beginning Python Visualization:Crafting Visual Transformation Scripts[M].[S.l.]:Apress, 2009.
[34]Telea A.Data visualization:Principles and practice[M].[S.l.]:AK Peters,2008.
[2]Winn W. Viualization in Learning and Instruction-a Cognitive Approach[J]. Ectj-Educational Communication and Technology Journal,1982,30(1):3-25.
[3]R S. Information Visualization:Design for Interaction[M]. Englewood Cliffs, NJ:Prentice Hall, 2007.
[4]Chi E. A Framework for Visualizing Information[M].[S.l.]:Kluwer Academic Pub,2002.
[5]McCormick B H, DeFanti T A, Brown M D. Visualization in Scientific Computing[R].[S.;.]:[s.n.] ,1987.
[6]McCormick B H, DeFanti T A, Brown M D. Visualization in Scientific Computing[J]. Computer Graphics,1987.
[7]刘则渊,陈悦,侯海燕.科学知识图谱：方法与应用[M].北京：人民出版社,2008：3-52.
[8]K C S, D M J, B S. Readings in information visualization:using vision to think[M].[S.l.]:Morgan Kaufmann,1999.
[9]Chen C. Information Visualisation and Virtual Environments[J].1999.
[10]Chen C. Information Visualization:Beyond the Horizon[J].2006.
[11]Chen C, (?) "ardle W,Unwin A. Handbook of data visualization[M]. [S.l.]:Springer Verlag,2008.
[12]Blei D M, Ng A Y, Jordan M (?). Latent dirichlet allocation[J]. Journal of Machine Learning Research, 2003,3:993-1022.
[13]陈百齡.当记者本身也成为资讯(?)源-记者、美编与图像[J].新闻学研究.
[14](?)文辉,吴筱玫,R P A.台湾报纸头版设计趋势分析：1952-1996[J].新闻学研究,1999(59).
[15]Griffin J L, Stevenson R L. Influence of text and graphics in increasing understanding of foreign news context[J]. Newspaper Research Journal,1992,13(2).
[16]Griffin J L,Stevenson R L.The effectiveness of locator maps in increasing reader understanding of the geography of foreign news[J]. journalism Quarterly,71(4).
[17]Kelly J D.The effects of display format and data density on time spent reading statistics in text,tables and graphs[J].Journalism Quarterly,70(1).
[18]陈韻如,(?)幼唯,隙建文.[S.l.]：[s.n.].
[19]Slatest.News Dots:The Day's Events as a Social Network[EB/OL].http://slatest.slate.com/ features/news dots/default.htm.
[20]Erle S, Gibson R. Google Maps Hacks[M].[S.l.]: O' Reilly Media, Inc., 2005. http://www amazon.com/exec/obidos/redirect?tag=citeulike07-20&path=ASIN/0596101619.
[21]苏椰.The map of Market[EB/OL]. http://www.bewitched.com/marketmap.html.
[22]R P. A year-by-year tour of how Twitter has been taking over the world[EB/OL]. http://royal.pingdom.com/2009/09/15/ a-year-by-year-tour-of-how-twitter-has-been-taking-over-the-world/
[23]麦肯锡季刊.一个国家,多个市场-用麦肯锡城市群方法瞄准中国消费(?)(?)[EB/OL].https://china.m(?)kinseyquarterly.com/Marketing/Branding/One_Country Many__Markets__2547?pagenum=2.
[24]Research F Appraising Your Investment In Enterprise Web Analytics[J]. 2009.
[25]Andrienko G,Andrienko N,Jankowski P,et al.Geovisual analytics for spatial decision support: Setting the research agenda[J].International Journal of Geographical Information Science,2007, 21(8):839-858.http://geoanalytics.net/and/papers/ijgis07.pdf.
[26]Ginsberg J,Mohebbi M H,Patel R S,et al.Detecting influenza epidemics using search engine query data[J].Nature,2008,457(7232):1012-1014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature07634
[27]王建冬.基于复杂网络方法的国内信息服务研究概念网络分析[J].现代图书情报技术,2009(10).
[28]F F.Map of the Market[FB/OL].http://www.bewitched.com/marketmap.html.
[29]G K Y,H S J,C P S.Visualization of patent analysis for emerging technology[J].Expert Systems with Applications,2008,34(3):1804-1812.
[30]of Invention J I,Innovation. Guide book for practical use of[J].
[31]Reuters T.Aureka[R].[S.l.]:[s.n.].
[32]常政.携势先动,厚积薄发——走进北京国双科技有限公司[J].程序员,2010(1)：31-33.
[33]S V. Beginning Python Visualization:Crafting Visual Transformation Scripts[M].[S.l.]:Apress, 2009.
[34]Telea A.Data visualization:Principles and practice[M].[S.l.]:AK Peters,2008.