基于直方图分层映射的图像增强算法研究
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摘要
在图像处理中,图像增强技术对于提高图像的质量起着重要的作用。它通过有选择地强调图像中某些信息而抑制掉另一些信息,以改善图像的视觉效果,将原图像转换成一种更适合于人眼观察和计算机进行分析处理的形式。但由于图像增强与感兴趣的物体特性、观察者的习惯和处理目的密切相关,带有很强的针对性,因此,图像增强算法的应用也是有针对性的。本文针对图像增强过程中存在的问题,在借鉴国内外最新思路的基础上,提出了一些新的图像增强思路。
首先,为解决多层次图像增强过程缺乏可控性和可选择性的不足,提出了基于模糊松弛迭代的分层图像增强算法。通过设置模糊松弛参数和选择合适的迭代次数,实现了对不同层次图像内容的可控式增强。
其次,为解决直方图均衡过程中过增强高频数灰度级,压缩低频数灰度级和传统图像增强算法无法较好突出原图直方图特征的不足,同时能够使增强对象更具目的性,提出了极大灰度频数抑制结合动态直方图均衡图像增强算法和基于最优自适应直方图规定化函数引导的动态分层图像增强算法。两算法利用极大灰度频数抑制策略较好解决了过度增强高频数灰度的问题,利用构建最优自适应规定化目的直方图思路较好解决了无法突出原直方图特征的问题,利用动态映射思路解决了增强对象缺乏目的性的问题。
最后,为有效实现灰度图像彩色化,使彩色化后的图像更自然、逼真,提出了基于相似性竞争选择的多彩色图像自适应混合颜色迁移算法,该算法利用自动图像检索技术和多图像自适应混合颜色迁移技术较好地达到了这个目的。
Image enhancement technology plays a very important role to improve image quality in image processing. By enhancing some information and restraining other information selectively it can improve image visual effect and transform an image to another form which adapts to human observation or computer analysis and processing better. Because image enhancement is closely related to the property of the interested target, the habit of observers and the specific processing object. So, the image enhancement algorithm is only aimed at the given processing object, too. According to some new thoughts, this paper puts forward some new image enhancement thoughts to solve some problems during the process of image enhancement.
Firstly, in order to solve the drawback of the lack of control and option in the multi-level image enhancement process, multi-level image enhancement algorithm based on fuzzy relaxation iterative procedure is proposed. The different level image content can be enhanced by choosing fuzzy relaxation parameters and suitable iterative processing times.
Secondly, in order to solve the problem that histogram equalization technology leads to excessive enhancement of high frequency gray level and compresses low frequency gray level, and the problem that traditional image enhancement algorithm could not emphasize the characteristics of original histogram. At the same time, in order to make the enhance process possess purpose, image enhancement algorithm combines maximum gray frequency restrict with dynamic histogram equalization and dynamic partition image enhancement algorithm based on optimal adaptive histogram specification function induct are proposed. The problem of excessive enhancement is solved by maximum gray frequency restrict, the problem that could not emphasize the characteristics of original histogram is solved by constructing a optimal desired histogram adaptively, and the problem of lacking purpose is solved by dynamic mapping.
Finally, in order to color gray image effectively, and make the color image more natural and realistic, adaptive coloring grayscale image based on multiple color images competing selection model is proposed. The purpose can be achieved by the automatic image retrieval technology and multi-image adaptive mixed color transfer technology.
首先,为解决多层次图像增强过程缺乏可控性和可选择性的不足,提出了基于模糊松弛迭代的分层图像增强算法。通过设置模糊松弛参数和选择合适的迭代次数,实现了对不同层次图像内容的可控式增强。
其次,为解决直方图均衡过程中过增强高频数灰度级,压缩低频数灰度级和传统图像增强算法无法较好突出原图直方图特征的不足,同时能够使增强对象更具目的性,提出了极大灰度频数抑制结合动态直方图均衡图像增强算法和基于最优自适应直方图规定化函数引导的动态分层图像增强算法。两算法利用极大灰度频数抑制策略较好解决了过度增强高频数灰度的问题,利用构建最优自适应规定化目的直方图思路较好解决了无法突出原直方图特征的问题,利用动态映射思路解决了增强对象缺乏目的性的问题。
最后,为有效实现灰度图像彩色化,使彩色化后的图像更自然、逼真,提出了基于相似性竞争选择的多彩色图像自适应混合颜色迁移算法,该算法利用自动图像检索技术和多图像自适应混合颜色迁移技术较好地达到了这个目的。
Image enhancement technology plays a very important role to improve image quality in image processing. By enhancing some information and restraining other information selectively it can improve image visual effect and transform an image to another form which adapts to human observation or computer analysis and processing better. Because image enhancement is closely related to the property of the interested target, the habit of observers and the specific processing object. So, the image enhancement algorithm is only aimed at the given processing object, too. According to some new thoughts, this paper puts forward some new image enhancement thoughts to solve some problems during the process of image enhancement.
Firstly, in order to solve the drawback of the lack of control and option in the multi-level image enhancement process, multi-level image enhancement algorithm based on fuzzy relaxation iterative procedure is proposed. The different level image content can be enhanced by choosing fuzzy relaxation parameters and suitable iterative processing times.
Secondly, in order to solve the problem that histogram equalization technology leads to excessive enhancement of high frequency gray level and compresses low frequency gray level, and the problem that traditional image enhancement algorithm could not emphasize the characteristics of original histogram. At the same time, in order to make the enhance process possess purpose, image enhancement algorithm combines maximum gray frequency restrict with dynamic histogram equalization and dynamic partition image enhancement algorithm based on optimal adaptive histogram specification function induct are proposed. The problem of excessive enhancement is solved by maximum gray frequency restrict, the problem that could not emphasize the characteristics of original histogram is solved by constructing a optimal desired histogram adaptively, and the problem of lacking purpose is solved by dynamic mapping.
Finally, in order to color gray image effectively, and make the color image more natural and realistic, adaptive coloring grayscale image based on multiple color images competing selection model is proposed. The purpose can be achieved by the automatic image retrieval technology and multi-image adaptive mixed color transfer technology.
引文
1阮秋琦.数字图像处理学.北京:电子工业出版社,2001:180-232
2冈萨雷斯.数字图像处理.北京:电子工业出版社,2006:59-170
3江巨浪,张佑生,薛峰,等.保持图像亮度的局部方图均衡算法.电子学报,2006, 34(5):861-866
4杨词银,黄廉卿.基于幂函数的加权自适应直方图均衡.光电子·激光,2002, 13(5):515-517
5王炳健,刘上乾,周慧鑫.基于平台直方图的红外图像自适应增强算法.光子学报, 2005,34(2):299-301
6王刚,肖亮,贺安之.脊小波变换域模糊自适应图像增强算法.光学学报,2007,27(7): 1183-1190
7周琳娜,王东明,郭云彪,等.基于数字图像边缘特性的形态学滤波取证技术.电子学报,2008,36(6):1047-1051
8 H. D. Cheng, Y. H. Chen, Y. Sun. A Novel Fuzzy Entropy Approach to Image Enhancement and Thresholding. Signal Processing,1999,75(3):277-301
9 A. H. Mir. Fuzzy Entropy Based Interactive Enhancement of Radiographic Images. Journal of Medical Engineering and Technology,2007,31(3):220-231
10 A. U. Khan Mohammad, True Phan Tran Ho, Bahadur Rabya, et al. Vessel Enhancement Using Directional-features. Information Technology Journal,2007,6(6): 851-857
11 H. Fronthaler, K. Kollreider, J. Bigun. Local Features for Enhancement and Minutiae Extraction in Fingerprints. IEEE Transactions on Image Processing,2008,17(3): 354-363
12 F. Gasparini, S. Corchs, R. Schettini. Low-quality Image Enhancement Using Visual Attention. Optical Engineering,2007,46(4):040502
13 S. M. Zhou, J. Q. Gan, L. D. Xu, et al. Interactive Image Enhancement by Fuzzy Relaxation.International Journal of Automation and Computing,2007,04(3):229-235
14唐奇伶,龚红燕,李艳西,等.融合上下文信息的血管造影图像增强.电子学报,2008, 36(7):1456-1459
15高赟.图像灰度增强算法的研究. [西安电子科技大学硕士学位论文].2007:4-24
16李宏刚.基于模糊集的车辆图像增强方法研究.[哈尔滨工业大学硕士学位论文]. 2006:6-22
17王胜军.图像增强方法的研究.[大连海事大学硕士学位论文].2005:19-23
18 C. C. Yang. Image Enhancement by Modified Contrast-stretching Manipulation. Optics and Laser Technology,2006,38(3):196-201
19 C. C. Yang. Image Enhancement by Adjusting the Contrast of Spatial Frequencies. Optik,2008,119(3):143-146
20 S. K. Pal, R. A. King. Image Enhancement Using Fuzzy Sets. Electron Lett, 1980,16(9): 376-378
21 S. S. Agaian, B. Silver, K. A. Panetta. Transform Coefficient Histogram-based Image Enhancement Algorithms Using Contrast Entropy. IEEE Transactions on Image Processing,2007,16(3):741-758
22刘国军,唐降龙,黄剑华,等.基于模糊小波的图像对比度增强算法.电子学报, 2005,33(4):643-646
23王保平,刘升虎,范九伦,等.基于模糊熵的自适应图像多层次模糊增强算法.电子学报,2005,33(4):730-734
24张玲,黄粉平,郑恩让.基于粗糙集与小波反锐化掩模的图像增强.光子学报,2008, 37(6),1285-1288
25 M. Grundland, N. A. Dodgson. Interactive Contrast Enhancement by Histogram Warping. In Proceedings of International Conference on Computer Vision and Graphics,2004,32:832-838
26 D. Menotti, L. Najman, J. Facon, et al. Multi-histogram Equalization Methods for Contrast Enhancement and Brightness Preserving. IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics,2007,53(3):1186-1194
27 M. Abdullah-Al-Wadud, M. H. Kabir, M. A. A. Dewan, et al. A Dynamic Histogram Equalization for Image Contrast Enhancement. IEEE Transactions on ConsumerElectronics,2007,53(2):593-600
28 S. M. Zhou, J. Q. Gan. A New Fuzzy Relaxation Algorithm for Image Enhancement. International Journal of Knowledgebased and Intelligent Engineering Systems, 2006,10(3):181-192
29 J. Y. Kim, L. S. Kim, S. H. Hwang. An Advanced Contrast Enhancement Using Partially Overlapped Sub-block Histogram Equalization. IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology,2007,11(4):475-484
30 Y. T. Kim. Contrast Enhancement Using Brightness Preserving Bi-histogram Equalization. IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics,1997,43(1):1-8
31 S. D. Chen, A. R. Ramli. Contrast Enhancement Using Recursive Mean-separate Histogram Equalization for Scalable Brightness Preservation. IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics,2003,49(4):1301-1309
32 Q. Wang, R. K. Ward. Fast Image/Video Contrast Enhancement Based on Weighted Thresholded Histogram Equalization. IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics, 2007,53(2):757-764
33 B. J. Wang, S. Q. Liu, Q. Li, et al. A Real-time Contrast Enhancement Algorithm for Infrared Images Based on Plateau Histogram. Infrared Physics & Technology, 2006,48:77-82
34 Sangkeun Lee. Content-based Image Enhancement in The Compressed Domain Based on Multi-scaleα-rooting Algorithm. Pattern Recognition Letters,2006,27(10): 1054-1066
35 Jacobs Katrien, Loscos Celine, Ward Greg. Automatic High-dynamic Range Image Generation for Dynamic Scenes. IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications,2008, 28(2):84-93
36 H. D. Cheng, M. Xue, X. J. Shi, et al. Novel Contrast Enhancement Approach Based on Fuzzy Homogeneity. Optical Engineering,2007,46(4):047002
37 C. C. Sun, S. J. Ruan, M. C. Shie, et al. Dynamic Contrast Enhancement Based on Histogram Specification. IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics,2005,51(4): 1300-1305
38 D. Coltuc, P. Bolon, J. M. Chassery. Exact Histogram Apecification. IEEE Transactions on Image Processing,2006,15(5):1143-1152
39 J. Iyad, Y. Hao. A New Method for Image Contrast Enhancement Based on Automatic Specification of Local Histograms. IJCSNS International Journal of Computer Science and Network Security,2007,7(7):1-10
40 B. T. Chen, Y. S. Chen, W. H. Hsu. Automatic Histogram Specification Based on Fuzzy Set Operations for Image Enhancement IEEE Signal Processing Letters,1995, 2(2):37-40
41 Y. H. Liu, Y. M. Liang, Z. R. Tong, et al. Contrast Enhancement of Optical Coherence Tomography Images Using Least Squares Fitting and Histogram Matching. Optics Communications,2007,279(1):23-26
42 T. Welsh, M. Ashikhmin, K. Mueller. Transferring Color to Grayscale Images. In: Proceedings of SIGGRAPH, San Antonio, USA,2002:277-280
43 Y. W. Tai, J. Y. Jia, C. K. Tang. Local Color Transfer Via Probabilistic Segmentation by Expectation Maximization. In: Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, San Diego, CA, USA,2005, 1:747-754
44 D. L. Ruderman, T. W. Cronin, C. C. Chiao. Statistics of Cone Responses to Natural Images Implications for Visual Coding. Journal of Optical Society of America,1998, 15(8):2036-2045
45 E. Reinhard, M. Ashikhmin, B. Gooch. Color Transfer between Images. IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications,2001,21(5):34-40
46钱小燕,肖亮,吴慧中.模糊颜色聚类在颜色传输中的应用.计算机辅助设计与图形学学报,2006,18(9):1332-1336
47 C. M. Wang, Y. H. Huang. A Novel Automatic Color Transfer Algorithm between Images. Journal of the Chinese Institute of Engineers,2006,29(6):1051-1060
48 Luiz Filipe M Vieira, Erickson R do Nascimento, Fernando A Fernandes Jr. Fully Automatic Coloring of Grayscale Images. Image and Vision Computing,2007,25: 50-60
49向遥,李宏,谢政,等.基于高斯混合模型的区域颜色迁移.中国图象图形学报,2006, 11(11):1728-1731
50范之国,高隽,胡良梅.夜视图像自适应彩色化融合算法.仪器仪表学报,2006, 27(6):733-735
51胡国飞,傅健,彭群生.自适应颜色迁移.计算机学报,2004,27(9):1245-1248
52李建明,叶飞,于守秋,钱昆明,甘小方.一种快速灰度图像彩色化算法.中国图象图形学报,2007,12(3):536-540
53 C. K. Yang, L. K. Peng. Automatic Mood Transferring between Color Images. IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications,2008,28(2):52-61
54贾云涛,胡事民.基于图切分的交互式图像染色算法.计算机学报,2006,29(3): 508-512
55冯祖仁,吕娜,李良福.基于最大后验概率的图像匹配相似性指标研究.自动化学报,2007,33(1):1-8
56李强,张钹.一种基于图像灰度的快速匹配算法.软件学报,2006,17(2):216-222
57孙君顶,丁振国,周利华.基于图像信息熵与空间分布熵的彩色图像检索方法.红外与毫米波学报,2005,24(2):135-139
2冈萨雷斯.数字图像处理.北京:电子工业出版社,2006:59-170
3江巨浪,张佑生,薛峰,等.保持图像亮度的局部方图均衡算法.电子学报,2006, 34(5):861-866
4杨词银,黄廉卿.基于幂函数的加权自适应直方图均衡.光电子·激光,2002, 13(5):515-517
5王炳健,刘上乾,周慧鑫.基于平台直方图的红外图像自适应增强算法.光子学报, 2005,34(2):299-301
6王刚,肖亮,贺安之.脊小波变换域模糊自适应图像增强算法.光学学报,2007,27(7): 1183-1190
7周琳娜,王东明,郭云彪,等.基于数字图像边缘特性的形态学滤波取证技术.电子学报,2008,36(6):1047-1051
8 H. D. Cheng, Y. H. Chen, Y. Sun. A Novel Fuzzy Entropy Approach to Image Enhancement and Thresholding. Signal Processing,1999,75(3):277-301
9 A. H. Mir. Fuzzy Entropy Based Interactive Enhancement of Radiographic Images. Journal of Medical Engineering and Technology,2007,31(3):220-231
10 A. U. Khan Mohammad, True Phan Tran Ho, Bahadur Rabya, et al. Vessel Enhancement Using Directional-features. Information Technology Journal,2007,6(6): 851-857
11 H. Fronthaler, K. Kollreider, J. Bigun. Local Features for Enhancement and Minutiae Extraction in Fingerprints. IEEE Transactions on Image Processing,2008,17(3): 354-363
12 F. Gasparini, S. Corchs, R. Schettini. Low-quality Image Enhancement Using Visual Attention. Optical Engineering,2007,46(4):040502
13 S. M. Zhou, J. Q. Gan, L. D. Xu, et al. Interactive Image Enhancement by Fuzzy Relaxation.International Journal of Automation and Computing,2007,04(3):229-235
14唐奇伶,龚红燕,李艳西,等.融合上下文信息的血管造影图像增强.电子学报,2008, 36(7):1456-1459
15高赟.图像灰度增强算法的研究. [西安电子科技大学硕士学位论文].2007:4-24
16李宏刚.基于模糊集的车辆图像增强方法研究.[哈尔滨工业大学硕士学位论文]. 2006:6-22
17王胜军.图像增强方法的研究.[大连海事大学硕士学位论文].2005:19-23
18 C. C. Yang. Image Enhancement by Modified Contrast-stretching Manipulation. Optics and Laser Technology,2006,38(3):196-201
19 C. C. Yang. Image Enhancement by Adjusting the Contrast of Spatial Frequencies. Optik,2008,119(3):143-146
20 S. K. Pal, R. A. King. Image Enhancement Using Fuzzy Sets. Electron Lett, 1980,16(9): 376-378
21 S. S. Agaian, B. Silver, K. A. Panetta. Transform Coefficient Histogram-based Image Enhancement Algorithms Using Contrast Entropy. IEEE Transactions on Image Processing,2007,16(3):741-758
22刘国军,唐降龙,黄剑华,等.基于模糊小波的图像对比度增强算法.电子学报, 2005,33(4):643-646
23王保平,刘升虎,范九伦,等.基于模糊熵的自适应图像多层次模糊增强算法.电子学报,2005,33(4):730-734
24张玲,黄粉平,郑恩让.基于粗糙集与小波反锐化掩模的图像增强.光子学报,2008, 37(6),1285-1288
25 M. Grundland, N. A. Dodgson. Interactive Contrast Enhancement by Histogram Warping. In Proceedings of International Conference on Computer Vision and Graphics,2004,32:832-838
26 D. Menotti, L. Najman, J. Facon, et al. Multi-histogram Equalization Methods for Contrast Enhancement and Brightness Preserving. IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics,2007,53(3):1186-1194
27 M. Abdullah-Al-Wadud, M. H. Kabir, M. A. A. Dewan, et al. A Dynamic Histogram Equalization for Image Contrast Enhancement. IEEE Transactions on ConsumerElectronics,2007,53(2):593-600
28 S. M. Zhou, J. Q. Gan. A New Fuzzy Relaxation Algorithm for Image Enhancement. International Journal of Knowledgebased and Intelligent Engineering Systems, 2006,10(3):181-192
29 J. Y. Kim, L. S. Kim, S. H. Hwang. An Advanced Contrast Enhancement Using Partially Overlapped Sub-block Histogram Equalization. IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology,2007,11(4):475-484
30 Y. T. Kim. Contrast Enhancement Using Brightness Preserving Bi-histogram Equalization. IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics,1997,43(1):1-8
31 S. D. Chen, A. R. Ramli. Contrast Enhancement Using Recursive Mean-separate Histogram Equalization for Scalable Brightness Preservation. IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics,2003,49(4):1301-1309
32 Q. Wang, R. K. Ward. Fast Image/Video Contrast Enhancement Based on Weighted Thresholded Histogram Equalization. IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics, 2007,53(2):757-764
33 B. J. Wang, S. Q. Liu, Q. Li, et al. A Real-time Contrast Enhancement Algorithm for Infrared Images Based on Plateau Histogram. Infrared Physics & Technology, 2006,48:77-82
34 Sangkeun Lee. Content-based Image Enhancement in The Compressed Domain Based on Multi-scaleα-rooting Algorithm. Pattern Recognition Letters,2006,27(10): 1054-1066
35 Jacobs Katrien, Loscos Celine, Ward Greg. Automatic High-dynamic Range Image Generation for Dynamic Scenes. IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications,2008, 28(2):84-93
36 H. D. Cheng, M. Xue, X. J. Shi, et al. Novel Contrast Enhancement Approach Based on Fuzzy Homogeneity. Optical Engineering,2007,46(4):047002
37 C. C. Sun, S. J. Ruan, M. C. Shie, et al. Dynamic Contrast Enhancement Based on Histogram Specification. IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics,2005,51(4): 1300-1305
38 D. Coltuc, P. Bolon, J. M. Chassery. Exact Histogram Apecification. IEEE Transactions on Image Processing,2006,15(5):1143-1152
39 J. Iyad, Y. Hao. A New Method for Image Contrast Enhancement Based on Automatic Specification of Local Histograms. IJCSNS International Journal of Computer Science and Network Security,2007,7(7):1-10
40 B. T. Chen, Y. S. Chen, W. H. Hsu. Automatic Histogram Specification Based on Fuzzy Set Operations for Image Enhancement IEEE Signal Processing Letters,1995, 2(2):37-40
41 Y. H. Liu, Y. M. Liang, Z. R. Tong, et al. Contrast Enhancement of Optical Coherence Tomography Images Using Least Squares Fitting and Histogram Matching. Optics Communications,2007,279(1):23-26
42 T. Welsh, M. Ashikhmin, K. Mueller. Transferring Color to Grayscale Images. In: Proceedings of SIGGRAPH, San Antonio, USA,2002:277-280
43 Y. W. Tai, J. Y. Jia, C. K. Tang. Local Color Transfer Via Probabilistic Segmentation by Expectation Maximization. In: Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, San Diego, CA, USA,2005, 1:747-754
44 D. L. Ruderman, T. W. Cronin, C. C. Chiao. Statistics of Cone Responses to Natural Images Implications for Visual Coding. Journal of Optical Society of America,1998, 15(8):2036-2045
45 E. Reinhard, M. Ashikhmin, B. Gooch. Color Transfer between Images. IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications,2001,21(5):34-40
46钱小燕,肖亮,吴慧中.模糊颜色聚类在颜色传输中的应用.计算机辅助设计与图形学学报,2006,18(9):1332-1336
47 C. M. Wang, Y. H. Huang. A Novel Automatic Color Transfer Algorithm between Images. Journal of the Chinese Institute of Engineers,2006,29(6):1051-1060
48 Luiz Filipe M Vieira, Erickson R do Nascimento, Fernando A Fernandes Jr. Fully Automatic Coloring of Grayscale Images. Image and Vision Computing,2007,25: 50-60
49向遥,李宏,谢政,等.基于高斯混合模型的区域颜色迁移.中国图象图形学报,2006, 11(11):1728-1731
50范之国,高隽,胡良梅.夜视图像自适应彩色化融合算法.仪器仪表学报,2006, 27(6):733-735
51胡国飞,傅健,彭群生.自适应颜色迁移.计算机学报,2004,27(9):1245-1248
52李建明,叶飞,于守秋,钱昆明,甘小方.一种快速灰度图像彩色化算法.中国图象图形学报,2007,12(3):536-540
53 C. K. Yang, L. K. Peng. Automatic Mood Transferring between Color Images. IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications,2008,28(2):52-61
54贾云涛,胡事民.基于图切分的交互式图像染色算法.计算机学报,2006,29(3): 508-512
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