遥感技术在月球、火星岩矿信息提取中的研究与应用
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摘要
多/高光谱遥感用于岩矿信息提取,一直是遥感地质研究的热点和难点,而且利用这种方法识别的矿物种类及可靠性有很大提高。该方法在地球上用于找矿领域的研究已经取得了很大的成果。近年来,随着遥感技术的发展,多/高光谱岩矿信息提取方法已经从地球扩展到月球、火星等地质领域的探测和研究。由于传统的地质探测方法在行星探测方面不是很适用,因此,利用遥感手段,遥远的探测地球以外的外太空星球,对人类研究月球、火星等行星起到了非常重要的作用。
本文利用月球Clementine多光谱数据、火星TES热红外发射率数据和CRISM高光谱数据,从数据处理、多/高光谱反射了数据、热红外发射率数据、岩矿信息提取等方面,对月球、火星开展了相关方面的研究,并取得了一定的成果。
论文的主要内容和研究成果如下:
(1)月地岩矿光谱特征对比分析。将模拟的月壤样品矿物的光谱特征与地表对应矿物的光谱特征进行对比,研究二者的相同点与不同点,分析产生这种光谱特征差异的原因,
(2)本文利用波段比值法,根据要提取矿物元素的光谱吸收特征,对月表典型撞击坑和月海进行矿物、元素信息提取,总结橄榄石、斜长石、铁、钛等在月海和撞击坑的分布特征,为研究月表矿物学、地貌学、地层学的关系提供了依据。
(3)利用Lucey的铁、钛丰度反演模型,对阿拉斯基尔撞击坑(Aristillus)进行铁、钛等丰度的反演,结果与比值法得到的结果基本一致,验证了比值法和模型反演的适用性和可靠性。
(4)针对火星热红外发射率数据-TES数据,利用线性波谱分离、波谱特征拟合、混合调制匹配滤波等填图方法,对火星表面进行信息提取,对结果进行对比分析,并与国外学者得到的结果进行比较,分析研究其存在的差异及影响因素。
(5)本文还利用火星高光谱数据-CRISM数据,结合SAM填图方法,对火星表面某研究区进行矿物信息填图,提取了橄榄石、伊利石、蒙脱石、高岭石、白云母、绿泥石和黄钾铁矾等矿物。CRISM数据分辨率高,对研究火星地质信息起到了很大作用,而且对于火星表面有无水的探测也有着重大的意义。
Multi/hyperspectral remote sensing have been used to extract the information of rock and minerals, which is a hotspot and difficulty in the remote sensing geology field. This method can identify more minerals species and improve the reliability. In recent years, with the development of remote sensing technology, multi/hyperspectral rock extraction methods have been used on the Lunar and Mars. The methods have made achievements on the Lunar and Mars. The traditional methods of geological exploration are not very applicable to the planetary exploration, therefore, the use of remote sensing, remote detection of planets in the outer space has played a very important role to the Moon, Mars and other planets.
In this paper, based on Clementine multi-spectral data of the Moon, TES and the CRISM data of the Mars, from three aspects of the information extraction of rock and mineral, data processing and multi/hyperspectral/thermal infrared emissivity data extraction, study the Moon and Mars and have achieved some results.
The main content and research results of this paper are as follows:
(1) Analyzing the spectral features of the minerals and rocks on the moon and earth, and comparing the mineral spectral of simulated lunar soil samples with the earth, studying the similarities and differences, analysis the reasons;
(2) In this paper, according to the spectral absorption features, band ratio method was used to extract the information of the minerals of the typical impact craters and mares on the lunar surface. This paper got information extraction maps and summarized the distribution characteristics of olivine, plagioclase, iron and titanium in the crater and mares, which provided the basis for studying the relationship of the lunar surface mineralogy, geomorphology, stratigraphy.
(3) By using Lucey's inversion model, it inverted the abundance of iron and titanium in Aristillus. The result was consistent with the result based on the ratio method. This also verified the applicability and reliability of both methods.
(4) Using the Mars thermal infrared emissivity data-TES, based on the linear spectral separation, spectral fitting, mixture tuned matched filtering methods, and so on, extracted the mineral information on the Martian surface. This paper compared and analyzed the results, and compared the results with the foreign scholars, analyzed the existing differences and influencing factors.
(5) This paper also used the hyperspectral data, CRISM data of the Mars, combining with SAM method, extracted the mineral information of the study area on the Mars surface. This paper had extracted olivine, illite, montmorillonite, kaolinite, muscovite, chlorite, and jarosite, and so on. CRISM data resolution is very high, which it not only plays an important role on the study of Martian geology, but also it is of great significance for the detection of Martian surface water.
本文利用月球Clementine多光谱数据、火星TES热红外发射率数据和CRISM高光谱数据,从数据处理、多/高光谱反射了数据、热红外发射率数据、岩矿信息提取等方面,对月球、火星开展了相关方面的研究,并取得了一定的成果。
论文的主要内容和研究成果如下:
(1)月地岩矿光谱特征对比分析。将模拟的月壤样品矿物的光谱特征与地表对应矿物的光谱特征进行对比,研究二者的相同点与不同点,分析产生这种光谱特征差异的原因,
(2)本文利用波段比值法,根据要提取矿物元素的光谱吸收特征,对月表典型撞击坑和月海进行矿物、元素信息提取,总结橄榄石、斜长石、铁、钛等在月海和撞击坑的分布特征,为研究月表矿物学、地貌学、地层学的关系提供了依据。
(3)利用Lucey的铁、钛丰度反演模型,对阿拉斯基尔撞击坑(Aristillus)进行铁、钛等丰度的反演,结果与比值法得到的结果基本一致,验证了比值法和模型反演的适用性和可靠性。
(4)针对火星热红外发射率数据-TES数据,利用线性波谱分离、波谱特征拟合、混合调制匹配滤波等填图方法,对火星表面进行信息提取,对结果进行对比分析,并与国外学者得到的结果进行比较,分析研究其存在的差异及影响因素。
(5)本文还利用火星高光谱数据-CRISM数据,结合SAM填图方法,对火星表面某研究区进行矿物信息填图,提取了橄榄石、伊利石、蒙脱石、高岭石、白云母、绿泥石和黄钾铁矾等矿物。CRISM数据分辨率高,对研究火星地质信息起到了很大作用,而且对于火星表面有无水的探测也有着重大的意义。
Multi/hyperspectral remote sensing have been used to extract the information of rock and minerals, which is a hotspot and difficulty in the remote sensing geology field. This method can identify more minerals species and improve the reliability. In recent years, with the development of remote sensing technology, multi/hyperspectral rock extraction methods have been used on the Lunar and Mars. The methods have made achievements on the Lunar and Mars. The traditional methods of geological exploration are not very applicable to the planetary exploration, therefore, the use of remote sensing, remote detection of planets in the outer space has played a very important role to the Moon, Mars and other planets.
In this paper, based on Clementine multi-spectral data of the Moon, TES and the CRISM data of the Mars, from three aspects of the information extraction of rock and mineral, data processing and multi/hyperspectral/thermal infrared emissivity data extraction, study the Moon and Mars and have achieved some results.
The main content and research results of this paper are as follows:
(1) Analyzing the spectral features of the minerals and rocks on the moon and earth, and comparing the mineral spectral of simulated lunar soil samples with the earth, studying the similarities and differences, analysis the reasons;
(2) In this paper, according to the spectral absorption features, band ratio method was used to extract the information of the minerals of the typical impact craters and mares on the lunar surface. This paper got information extraction maps and summarized the distribution characteristics of olivine, plagioclase, iron and titanium in the crater and mares, which provided the basis for studying the relationship of the lunar surface mineralogy, geomorphology, stratigraphy.
(3) By using Lucey's inversion model, it inverted the abundance of iron and titanium in Aristillus. The result was consistent with the result based on the ratio method. This also verified the applicability and reliability of both methods.
(4) Using the Mars thermal infrared emissivity data-TES, based on the linear spectral separation, spectral fitting, mixture tuned matched filtering methods, and so on, extracted the mineral information on the Martian surface. This paper compared and analyzed the results, and compared the results with the foreign scholars, analyzed the existing differences and influencing factors.
(5) This paper also used the hyperspectral data, CRISM data of the Mars, combining with SAM method, extracted the mineral information of the study area on the Mars surface. This paper had extracted olivine, illite, montmorillonite, kaolinite, muscovite, chlorite, and jarosite, and so on. CRISM data resolution is very high, which it not only plays an important role on the study of Martian geology, but also it is of great significance for the detection of Martian surface water.
引文
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