综合物探方法在隧道超前地质预报中的应用研究
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摘要
综合物探超前地质预报是确保隧道施工安全的必不可少的一种方法,从上世纪90年代初期开始,经历了十几年的发展,现正逐渐走向成熟。虽然方法本身在发展中存在许多问题,但在专家和学者的努力下逐渐得到了克服。综合物探超前地质预报方法和所使用的仪器正由完全依赖进口向自主开发转变中,方法种类繁多,展现了良好的发展势头。目前应用最多,也最受推崇的主要有TSP超前地质预报系统、探地雷达法和红外探水法,尤其是三者的有效组合。实际工作中,TSP方法主要用于长距离预报,探地雷达方法为短距离定量精确预报,红外探水法则主要对隧道掌子面前方有无含水做定性评价。这三种方法若能合理组合,可以互相佐证,提高预报结果的准确性。本文分别阐述了TSP超前地质预报系统、探地雷达法和红外探水法的基本原理,以及这三种方法常用的仪器设备类型,并以三种方法在武广铁路客运专线坪岭隧道施工超前地质预报的综合应用上加以阐述综合物探方法在隧道超前地质预报的重要性。这是一个难得的综合物探超前地质预报工程应用实例,该隧道所测区段发生了突泥突水,涌泥量达3000多方,但由于超前预报结果的提前预知,从而避免了特大人员伤亡事故的发生,挽回了重大的经济损失。本文详细地介绍各种方法在外业数据采集中测线的布置方法、资料处理程序和采集信号结果的判识原则,并附有对应的信号图像,同时还涉及到数据采集过程中需要注意的事项和改进措施。通过对使用各种方法得出的预报结果对比分析,可以清楚地看到所反映的异常里程位置基本一致,也能清楚地看到综合物探超前地质预报可使施工单位提前采取措施,修正支护参数,从而确保隧道的施工安全,故建议在我国隧道地质超前预报工作中推广应用。但目前超前地质预报依然存在许多问题,比如在排除周围噪声干扰、判断背后空洞体积大小、不良地质体的精确里程位置以及产状分布特征方面等,需要外业操作中设法克服,技术上不断进步加以改进。相信在物探领域内专家学者以及其他相关人士的共同努力下,超前地质预报一定会有质的飞跃和发展。
The comprehensive physical geological leading forecast is a necessary method to ensure the safety of tunnel construction, which is walking up to maturity gradually after more than ten years’development course beginning from early days of 1990s. Although there are numerous problems in the method itself, they are conquered little by little by the joint efforts of the experts and scholars. The comprehensive physical geological leading forecast reveals a favorable developing tendency by its abundant varieties and apparatus in use which are experiencing great changes from depending on import completely to independence developing. The effective combination of the system of the TSP geological leading forecast for the long distance forecast , the method of geological radar for short distance precise forecast and infrared water exploration used for evaluating hydrous level or not in front of the workaround can be confirmed each other and improves the accuracy of exploration results. They are used most popularly and valuably. The paper not only recommends the basic principles of the system of the TSP geological leading forecast, the method of geological radar and infrared water exploration, but also introduces briefly their common types of apparatus, expatiates on the significance of the comprehensive physical technique on the level of the practical applications, especially taking their comprehensive applications on PingLing Tunnel in WuGuang Passenger Railway Line as a good example because it is a god-given instance. At that time, the section to be surveyed welled up mud and water suddenly up to more than 3000 cubes. Just due to the leading forecast’s prediction in advance, a extraordinarily serious field-man-casualty accident was avoided and uncountable economic losses were retrieved. The paper elaborates on each method’s means of disposal lines for correlative collecting data, the programs of data processing and the judgment principle of collecting data results with serial corresponding data images. Furthermore, the operating instructions and improved measures during collecting data are also mentioned. By comparing the forecast’s results of each method, it can be seen clearly that the abnormal position is identical basically and the comprehensive physical geological leading forecast can help field men take measures in advance, correct parameters and insure the construction safety of tunnels. Therefore, it should be good advice to popularize the geological leading forecast. Of course, We cannot deny that there exist heaps of problems waiting for solution and improvement in technology, such as eliminating surrounding noise disturbance, judging cubage size of the rear cavity, the exact position of the ill geological body and distributing characters. By the collective efforts of the characters in and out of the trade, it is believed that the leading geological forecast will have the qualitative leap and development.
The comprehensive physical geological leading forecast is a necessary method to ensure the safety of tunnel construction, which is walking up to maturity gradually after more than ten years’development course beginning from early days of 1990s. Although there are numerous problems in the method itself, they are conquered little by little by the joint efforts of the experts and scholars. The comprehensive physical geological leading forecast reveals a favorable developing tendency by its abundant varieties and apparatus in use which are experiencing great changes from depending on import completely to independence developing. The effective combination of the system of the TSP geological leading forecast for the long distance forecast , the method of geological radar for short distance precise forecast and infrared water exploration used for evaluating hydrous level or not in front of the workaround can be confirmed each other and improves the accuracy of exploration results. They are used most popularly and valuably. The paper not only recommends the basic principles of the system of the TSP geological leading forecast, the method of geological radar and infrared water exploration, but also introduces briefly their common types of apparatus, expatiates on the significance of the comprehensive physical technique on the level of the practical applications, especially taking their comprehensive applications on PingLing Tunnel in WuGuang Passenger Railway Line as a good example because it is a god-given instance. At that time, the section to be surveyed welled up mud and water suddenly up to more than 3000 cubes. Just due to the leading forecast’s prediction in advance, a extraordinarily serious field-man-casualty accident was avoided and uncountable economic losses were retrieved. The paper elaborates on each method’s means of disposal lines for correlative collecting data, the programs of data processing and the judgment principle of collecting data results with serial corresponding data images. Furthermore, the operating instructions and improved measures during collecting data are also mentioned. By comparing the forecast’s results of each method, it can be seen clearly that the abnormal position is identical basically and the comprehensive physical geological leading forecast can help field men take measures in advance, correct parameters and insure the construction safety of tunnels. Therefore, it should be good advice to popularize the geological leading forecast. Of course, We cannot deny that there exist heaps of problems waiting for solution and improvement in technology, such as eliminating surrounding noise disturbance, judging cubage size of the rear cavity, the exact position of the ill geological body and distributing characters. By the collective efforts of the characters in and out of the trade, it is believed that the leading geological forecast will have the qualitative leap and development.
引文
[1]何樵登、熊维纲,应用地球物理教程-地震勘探,北京:地质出版社,1992
[2]李大心,探地雷达方法与应用,北京:地质出版社,1994
[3]铁道第四勘察设计院,铁路工程物理勘探规程,中华人民共和国铁道部,2004
[4]陈仲侯、王兴泰,工程与环境物探教程,北京:地质出版社,1993
[5]王振东,浅层地震勘探应用技术,北京:地质出版社,1988
[6]交通部第一公路勘察设计院,公路工程地质勘察规范,中华人民共和国交通部,1999
[7]薄会申,探地雷达技术实用手册,北京:地质出版社,2006
[8]何振起,李海,梁彦忠.利用地震反射法进行隧道施工地质超前预报[J].铁道工程学报,2000,(4):81～85.
[9]何振宁.铁路隧道地质超前预报技术的应用和建议[C].隧道地质超前预报技术交流研讨会论文集.铁道部工程管理中心.2004
[10]王洪勇.综合超前地质预报在园梁山隧道中的应用[J].现代隧道技术,2004⑶
[11]袁明德,浅析探地雷达的分辨率,物探与化探,2003(2)
[12]巨浪,沙椿,地质雷达在福堂水电站隧洞施工超前预报中的应用,工程物探,2003(4)
[13]钟世航,隧道衬砌质量的检测,现代隧道技术,2001(5)
[14]刘敦文,黄仁东等,应用探地雷达技术检测隧道衬砌质量,物探与化探, 2001(6)[15]王法刚,肖国强,尹健民,探地雷达在隧道衬砌混凝土质量检测中的应用,岩土力学, 2003(增1)
[16]王永安,白明洲等,雷达探测方法在隧道病害治理中的应用研究,西部探矿工程,2002(1)
[17]覃建波,邓世坤,李沫,探地雷达在隧道和涵洞工程检测中的应用研究,煤田地质与勘探,2004(5)
[18]钟宏伟,赵凌,我国隧道工程超前预报技术现状分析,人民长江,2004(9)
[19]邹海林,宁书年,林捷,小波理论在探地雷达信号处理中的应用。地球物理学进展,2004(2)
[20]李建平等译,小波十讲,北京:国防工业出版社,2004
[21]何樵登,地震勘探原理和方法,北京:地质出版社,1986
[22]沈建国,应用声学基础,天津:天津大学出版社,2004
[23]曾昭璜,隧道地震反射法超前预报,地球物理学报,1994(2)
[24]李忠,TSP-202探测系统在新倮纳隧道地质超前预报中的应用研究,地质与勘探,2002(1)
[25]何振起,李海,梁彦忠,利用地震反射法进行隧道施工地质超前预报,铁道工程学报,2000(4)
[26]赵永贵,刘浩,孙宇等,隧道超前预报研究进展,地球物理学进展,2003(3)
[27]温树林,吴世林,TSP203在云南元磨高速公路隧道超前地质预报中的作用,地球物理学进展,2003(3)
[28]赵永贵,围岩含水性的超前预报技术,地球与环境,2005(3)
[29]Richard O, Edward B. Helfried Bretterebner and Peter Schwab, The Application of TRT-Ture Reflection Tomography at the Unterwald Tunnel. Geophysics, 2002(2)
[30]Kees Wapenaar, Evert Slob, and Roel Snieder.On seismic interferometry, the generalized optical theorem, and the scattering matrix of a point scatterer. Geophysics 75, SA27 (2010), Published 27 April 2010
[31]James P. Verdon, J.-Michael Kendall, and Shawn C. Maxwell.Which data residual norm for robust elastic frequency -domain full waveform inversion? Geophysics 75, R37 (2010), Published 21 April 2010
[32]Sang-Wook Kim, Se-Yun Kim, and Sangwook Nam Estimation of the penetration angle of a man-made tunnel using time of arrival measured by short-pulse cross-borehole radar Geophysics 75, J11 (2010),Published 21 April 2010 pp. J11-J18
[33]Nikos Economou and Antonis Vafidis,Spectral balancing GPR data using time-variant bandwidth in the t-f domain. Geophysics 75, J19 (2010), Published 27 April 2010
[2]李大心,探地雷达方法与应用,北京:地质出版社,1994
[3]铁道第四勘察设计院,铁路工程物理勘探规程,中华人民共和国铁道部,2004
[4]陈仲侯、王兴泰,工程与环境物探教程,北京:地质出版社,1993
[5]王振东,浅层地震勘探应用技术,北京:地质出版社,1988
[6]交通部第一公路勘察设计院,公路工程地质勘察规范,中华人民共和国交通部,1999
[7]薄会申,探地雷达技术实用手册,北京:地质出版社,2006
[8]何振起,李海,梁彦忠.利用地震反射法进行隧道施工地质超前预报[J].铁道工程学报,2000,(4):81～85.
[9]何振宁.铁路隧道地质超前预报技术的应用和建议[C].隧道地质超前预报技术交流研讨会论文集.铁道部工程管理中心.2004
[10]王洪勇.综合超前地质预报在园梁山隧道中的应用[J].现代隧道技术,2004⑶
[11]袁明德,浅析探地雷达的分辨率,物探与化探,2003(2)
[12]巨浪,沙椿,地质雷达在福堂水电站隧洞施工超前预报中的应用,工程物探,2003(4)
[13]钟世航,隧道衬砌质量的检测,现代隧道技术,2001(5)
[14]刘敦文,黄仁东等,应用探地雷达技术检测隧道衬砌质量,物探与化探, 2001(6)[15]王法刚,肖国强,尹健民,探地雷达在隧道衬砌混凝土质量检测中的应用,岩土力学, 2003(增1)
[16]王永安,白明洲等,雷达探测方法在隧道病害治理中的应用研究,西部探矿工程,2002(1)
[17]覃建波,邓世坤,李沫,探地雷达在隧道和涵洞工程检测中的应用研究,煤田地质与勘探,2004(5)
[18]钟宏伟,赵凌,我国隧道工程超前预报技术现状分析,人民长江,2004(9)
[19]邹海林,宁书年,林捷,小波理论在探地雷达信号处理中的应用。地球物理学进展,2004(2)
[20]李建平等译,小波十讲,北京:国防工业出版社,2004
[21]何樵登,地震勘探原理和方法,北京:地质出版社,1986
[22]沈建国,应用声学基础,天津:天津大学出版社,2004
[23]曾昭璜,隧道地震反射法超前预报,地球物理学报,1994(2)
[24]李忠,TSP-202探测系统在新倮纳隧道地质超前预报中的应用研究,地质与勘探,2002(1)
[25]何振起,李海,梁彦忠,利用地震反射法进行隧道施工地质超前预报,铁道工程学报,2000(4)
[26]赵永贵,刘浩,孙宇等,隧道超前预报研究进展,地球物理学进展,2003(3)
[27]温树林,吴世林,TSP203在云南元磨高速公路隧道超前地质预报中的作用,地球物理学进展,2003(3)
[28]赵永贵,围岩含水性的超前预报技术,地球与环境,2005(3)
[29]Richard O, Edward B. Helfried Bretterebner and Peter Schwab, The Application of TRT-Ture Reflection Tomography at the Unterwald Tunnel. Geophysics, 2002(2)
[30]Kees Wapenaar, Evert Slob, and Roel Snieder.On seismic interferometry, the generalized optical theorem, and the scattering matrix of a point scatterer. Geophysics 75, SA27 (2010), Published 27 April 2010
[31]James P. Verdon, J.-Michael Kendall, and Shawn C. Maxwell.Which data residual norm for robust elastic frequency -domain full waveform inversion? Geophysics 75, R37 (2010), Published 21 April 2010
[32]Sang-Wook Kim, Se-Yun Kim, and Sangwook Nam Estimation of the penetration angle of a man-made tunnel using time of arrival measured by short-pulse cross-borehole radar Geophysics 75, J11 (2010),Published 21 April 2010 pp. J11-J18
[33]Nikos Economou and Antonis Vafidis,Spectral balancing GPR data using time-variant bandwidth in the t-f domain. Geophysics 75, J19 (2010), Published 27 April 2010