涉及行走障碍者家庭的卫浴产品通用设计研究
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摘要
目前在全球范围内,残疾人口的数量每年都在增长,老龄化进程也在不断加快。我国是世界上残疾人口最多的国家并已进入老龄化社会。随着社会对于残障事业以及老龄事业的关注,随着市场需求的不断扩大,越来越多的人开始关注如何为他们提供舒适便利的生活环境。卫浴产品是家庭生活中不可或缺的产品,也最能体现对人的关怀。目前家庭中普遍使用的卫浴产品,在设计时多是考虑正常人的需求,并不能极大满足行动上有障碍的人或者是老年人的需求,而家庭卫浴产品的使用者包括男女老少,包括健康人、残疾人等等,是一个多需求背景的用户群。如何更广泛地解决卫浴产品针对家庭人群的普遍适用问题,是本文试图探索解决的问题。
论文首先结合生理学和心理学的相关知识,对行走障碍者的行为和心理特征进行了分析,确定了涉及行走障碍者家庭卫浴产品通用设计的目标——满足涉及行走障碍者家庭对卫浴产品存在的多样需求。其次,通过通用的家庭卫浴产品描述模型的建立,以及对涉及行走障碍者家庭卫浴产品通用设计的影响因素进行的调查分析,获得了涉及行走障碍者家庭卫浴产品通用设计的可靠依据。然后,提出了涉及行走障碍者家庭卫浴产品的通用设计原理及流程。结论中提出的原理与流程在论文最后通过淋浴间、盥洗器及坐便器的设计实践进行了说明验证。
本文的创新点在于文中所提出的涉及行走障碍者家庭卫浴产品的通用设计原理及流程,为家庭卫浴产品的通用设计提供了理论支持与方法。
The number of the disabled in today’s world is growing almost every year. The aging process is also speeding up. China has the largest disabled population than any other country in the world and has entered in the aging society. With the concern about the disabled and the elderly as well as the growing market demand, more and more people begin to pay attention to how to provide them with a convenient and comfortable living environment. Bathroom products are essential to family life and also best reflect the care for people. Most of the family bathroom products consider the needs of normal people when in design. Actually they can not meet the needs of the elderly or the wheelers and slow walkers. However, the users of family bathroom products include men, women, children, healthy people, the disabled etc. That is a multi-needs user-group. How to solve the universal application problems of family bathroom products, is what in this paper attempts to explore.
First of all, the behavioral and psychological characters of the wheelers and slow walkers were analysed through the combination of physiology and psychology-related knowledge in this paper and the goal of universal design for the family, in where the wheelers and slow walkers live, were determined. That is, to meet the diverse needs of the family members. Secondly, by building a descriptive model of the universal bathroom product and through the survey and analysis of the impact factors of the universal design of family bathroom products for wheelers and slow walkers, a reliable design basis was received. Thirdly, the principles and process of family bathroom products universal design for wheelers and slow walkers were proposed. In the last of the paper the conclusions were tested and verified through the design of a shower, a wash basin and a toilet.
In this paper, the innovation lies in the fact that, the principles and processes of the universal design of family bathroom products for wheelers and slow walkers, provide theory and methods support for universal design of family bathroom products.
论文首先结合生理学和心理学的相关知识,对行走障碍者的行为和心理特征进行了分析,确定了涉及行走障碍者家庭卫浴产品通用设计的目标——满足涉及行走障碍者家庭对卫浴产品存在的多样需求。其次,通过通用的家庭卫浴产品描述模型的建立,以及对涉及行走障碍者家庭卫浴产品通用设计的影响因素进行的调查分析,获得了涉及行走障碍者家庭卫浴产品通用设计的可靠依据。然后,提出了涉及行走障碍者家庭卫浴产品的通用设计原理及流程。结论中提出的原理与流程在论文最后通过淋浴间、盥洗器及坐便器的设计实践进行了说明验证。
本文的创新点在于文中所提出的涉及行走障碍者家庭卫浴产品的通用设计原理及流程,为家庭卫浴产品的通用设计提供了理论支持与方法。
The number of the disabled in today’s world is growing almost every year. The aging process is also speeding up. China has the largest disabled population than any other country in the world and has entered in the aging society. With the concern about the disabled and the elderly as well as the growing market demand, more and more people begin to pay attention to how to provide them with a convenient and comfortable living environment. Bathroom products are essential to family life and also best reflect the care for people. Most of the family bathroom products consider the needs of normal people when in design. Actually they can not meet the needs of the elderly or the wheelers and slow walkers. However, the users of family bathroom products include men, women, children, healthy people, the disabled etc. That is a multi-needs user-group. How to solve the universal application problems of family bathroom products, is what in this paper attempts to explore.
First of all, the behavioral and psychological characters of the wheelers and slow walkers were analysed through the combination of physiology and psychology-related knowledge in this paper and the goal of universal design for the family, in where the wheelers and slow walkers live, were determined. That is, to meet the diverse needs of the family members. Secondly, by building a descriptive model of the universal bathroom product and through the survey and analysis of the impact factors of the universal design of family bathroom products for wheelers and slow walkers, a reliable design basis was received. Thirdly, the principles and process of family bathroom products universal design for wheelers and slow walkers were proposed. In the last of the paper the conclusions were tested and verified through the design of a shower, a wash basin and a toilet.
In this paper, the innovation lies in the fact that, the principles and processes of the universal design of family bathroom products for wheelers and slow walkers, provide theory and methods support for universal design of family bathroom products.
引文
[1]刘伟,张军洁,王涛,关注弱势群体构建和谐社会,山西建筑,2007,33(31):31~32
[2] http://www.china.com.cn/txt/2006-12/01/content_7436699.htm
[3]姚学丽,适合老年人需要的城市养老方式研究,硕士学位论文,四川大学:2005
[4]邢远翔,中国己经进入老龄社会:中国老龄化的趋势,健康报,2002,11(4)
[5] DESIGN产品设计,艺设社,2006,8
[6]苏雅,设计以人为本——论产品的通用设计,郑州轻工业学院学报:社会科学版,2006,3:19~21
[7]杨小东,通用设计(二)——无障碍设计的局限和通用设计的提出,中国建筑装饰,2007,3,196~199
[8]杨小东,通用设计(四)——通用设计的提出,中国建筑装饰装修,2007,5,176~179
[9]曹阳,通用设计的方法与应用,河南社会科学,2004,12(4):153~154
[10] http://www.washington.edu/dolt/Brochures/Programs/ud.html
[11]李斌,万莉君,从无障碍设计迈向通用设计,包装工程,2007,28(8):186~225
[12] Mary Jo Peterson,厨卫空间人性化设计完全手册(周志敏等译),北京:中国电力出版社,2006
[13]范劲松,安军,论通用设计指导思想下的工业设计,包装工程,2006,27(4):223~226
[14]苏雅,通用设计理念及其在家电产品中的应用,科技信息:学术版,2006,05s:39
[15]张婉玉,适应老龄社会的家庭卫浴空间通用设计研究,硕士学位论文,西北工业大学,2007
[16]陈耀光,卫浴设计畅想,家饰,2006,4:132~133
[17]注重品质,追求完美,卫浴市场设计、功能、服务全线大比拼,家饰,2003,4:154~155
[18]刘裴,现代卫浴产品的设计研究,硕士学位论文,同济大学:2006
[19]林伟,卫浴新技术及应用,中国住宅设施,2005,10:50
[20] http://www.jiancai365.cn/cp_view.asp?id=19526
[21] http://www.yinxiangcn.com/News/200809/9318.html
[22]徐娟燕,卫浴产品设计发展趋势研究,包装工程,2008,29(7):141~144,199
[23]尧优生,家庭卫浴产品适当设计研究,硕士学位论文,南昌大学,2007
[24]李鑫,面向残疾人使用的公共建筑无障碍设计研究,硕士学位论文,合肥工业大学,2007
[25] Maribeth Gandy, David Ross, Thad E. Starner. Universal Design: Lessons for Wearable Computing. Wearable Computing, 2003: 19~23
[26]李宪锋,王波,卫生间无障碍设计探讨,建筑知识,2007,27(4):26~27
[27]陈朝先,人口与社会保障研究,成都:西南财经大学出版社,1998
[28]李启珍,李嘉华,行动不便人群户外生活实态及障碍调查研究,西南科技大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2007,24(1):32~35
[29]王巍,朱思,老年人卫浴空间的人性化设计,现代商贸工业,2008,7:357
[30]朱丽莎,残疾人心理健康探讨,医学文选,2006,25 (4):734~735
[31] http://baike.baidu.com/view/17446.htm
[32] Donald A.Norman,设计心理学(梅琼译),北京:中信出版社,2006
[33]黄艳群,设计·人机界面,北京:北京理工大学出版社,2007
[34]李乐山,设计调查,北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2007
[35]谢庆森,牛占文,人机工程学,北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2005
[36]中国建筑学会室内设计分会《手册》编委会,中国室内建筑师品牌材料手册卫浴产品分册,中国建筑工业出版社,2005.2006:(附录)2
[37] Nissen.L等,美国室内设计通用教材(陈德民等译),上海:上海人民美术出版社,2004
[38]阿尔文.R,人体因素(朱涛译),北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1998
[39]卢晓欧,张福昌,通用设计为所有使用者设计的理念,包装与设计,2001,2:49~50
[40]细微处体现的关怀——为行动不便人士设计的卫浴空间,中国厨卫,2004,2
[41]何疏悦,现代家居设计中的卫浴空间,合肥工业大学学报(自然科学版), 2006,29(7):902~904
[42]王戈卓,王述祥,现代集成厨房的通用设计研究,机电产品开发与创新,2007,20(2):24~26
[43] Pin Zhang, Shengfeng Qin, Bathroom Product Studies Based on the Chinese Elderly Living,HIS 2008,Krakow,Poland,May 25-27,2008.
[2] http://www.china.com.cn/txt/2006-12/01/content_7436699.htm
[3]姚学丽,适合老年人需要的城市养老方式研究,硕士学位论文,四川大学:2005
[4]邢远翔,中国己经进入老龄社会:中国老龄化的趋势,健康报,2002,11(4)
[5] DESIGN产品设计,艺设社,2006,8
[6]苏雅,设计以人为本——论产品的通用设计,郑州轻工业学院学报:社会科学版,2006,3:19~21
[7]杨小东,通用设计(二)——无障碍设计的局限和通用设计的提出,中国建筑装饰,2007,3,196~199
[8]杨小东,通用设计(四)——通用设计的提出,中国建筑装饰装修,2007,5,176~179
[9]曹阳,通用设计的方法与应用,河南社会科学,2004,12(4):153~154
[10] http://www.washington.edu/dolt/Brochures/Programs/ud.html
[11]李斌,万莉君,从无障碍设计迈向通用设计,包装工程,2007,28(8):186~225
[12] Mary Jo Peterson,厨卫空间人性化设计完全手册(周志敏等译),北京:中国电力出版社,2006
[13]范劲松,安军,论通用设计指导思想下的工业设计,包装工程,2006,27(4):223~226
[14]苏雅,通用设计理念及其在家电产品中的应用,科技信息:学术版,2006,05s:39
[15]张婉玉,适应老龄社会的家庭卫浴空间通用设计研究,硕士学位论文,西北工业大学,2007
[16]陈耀光,卫浴设计畅想,家饰,2006,4:132~133
[17]注重品质,追求完美,卫浴市场设计、功能、服务全线大比拼,家饰,2003,4:154~155
[18]刘裴,现代卫浴产品的设计研究,硕士学位论文,同济大学:2006
[19]林伟,卫浴新技术及应用,中国住宅设施,2005,10:50
[20] http://www.jiancai365.cn/cp_view.asp?id=19526
[21] http://www.yinxiangcn.com/News/200809/9318.html
[22]徐娟燕,卫浴产品设计发展趋势研究,包装工程,2008,29(7):141~144,199
[23]尧优生,家庭卫浴产品适当设计研究,硕士学位论文,南昌大学,2007
[24]李鑫,面向残疾人使用的公共建筑无障碍设计研究,硕士学位论文,合肥工业大学,2007
[25] Maribeth Gandy, David Ross, Thad E. Starner. Universal Design: Lessons for Wearable Computing. Wearable Computing, 2003: 19~23
[26]李宪锋,王波,卫生间无障碍设计探讨,建筑知识,2007,27(4):26~27
[27]陈朝先,人口与社会保障研究,成都:西南财经大学出版社,1998
[28]李启珍,李嘉华,行动不便人群户外生活实态及障碍调查研究,西南科技大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2007,24(1):32~35
[29]王巍,朱思,老年人卫浴空间的人性化设计,现代商贸工业,2008,7:357
[30]朱丽莎,残疾人心理健康探讨,医学文选,2006,25 (4):734~735
[31] http://baike.baidu.com/view/17446.htm
[32] Donald A.Norman,设计心理学(梅琼译),北京:中信出版社,2006
[33]黄艳群,设计·人机界面,北京:北京理工大学出版社,2007
[34]李乐山,设计调查,北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2007
[35]谢庆森,牛占文,人机工程学,北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2005
[36]中国建筑学会室内设计分会《手册》编委会,中国室内建筑师品牌材料手册卫浴产品分册,中国建筑工业出版社,2005.2006:(附录)2
[37] Nissen.L等,美国室内设计通用教材(陈德民等译),上海:上海人民美术出版社,2004
[38]阿尔文.R,人体因素(朱涛译),北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1998
[39]卢晓欧,张福昌,通用设计为所有使用者设计的理念,包装与设计,2001,2:49~50
[40]细微处体现的关怀——为行动不便人士设计的卫浴空间,中国厨卫,2004,2
[41]何疏悦,现代家居设计中的卫浴空间,合肥工业大学学报(自然科学版), 2006,29(7):902~904
[42]王戈卓,王述祥,现代集成厨房的通用设计研究,机电产品开发与创新,2007,20(2):24~26
[43] Pin Zhang, Shengfeng Qin, Bathroom Product Studies Based on the Chinese Elderly Living,HIS 2008,Krakow,Poland,May 25-27,2008.