知识服务机制研究
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摘要
知识服务是知识与服务的融合，其相关研究正在蓬勃兴起中。本文所涉及的知识服务是指将知识资产转化成知识产品及服务，通过Internet对知识产品和服务加以销售和推广，并且在同用户进行交互的过程中，基于知识为用户提供服务。关于知识服务的研究成果可以应用于相当广泛的领域，如知识型企业和组织、知识密集型行业、在Web上提供专业服务等。
知识服务机制是指知识服务系统的组成、构造及工作原理。具体地，本文研究如何通过IT技术有效实现知识服务机制，即通过IT技术对知识进行获取、组织及应用，并且通过和用户进行交互，对知识逐步进行处理和加工，使得能够通过Internet向用户提供所需要的知识及服务。基于知识提供服务，从知识到服务这之间在语义、逻辑和功能上要经过很大的跨越，因此知识服务机制研究的核心问题在于研究如何将知识转化为服务。
从知识和服务两个角度出发，本文首先对知识服务的背景和相关研究进行综述。以现有具有知识服务功能系统的实践为基础，总结出通用的知识服务框架包括三个部分：知识模型，服务模型，从知识模型到服务模型的转化系统。
在知识模型部分，吸收知识管理和语义Web的研究成果，分析目前的知识服务在功能和语义层次等方面的问题，第三章提出一种适用于知识服务的知识模型——HyXTM。这是一个基于超图的XMLTopic Maps知识模型，并且针对知识服务对XML Topic Maps及其超图加以了扩展。该模型具有较高的语义层次以及较好的Web适应性，可以通过图的方式，对分布式知识网络进行建模。另外，这一章还提出了基于HyXTM知识模型构建分布式、增长型知识库系统的方法。
在服务模型部分，面向Web服务并且针对知识服务自身的特点，第四章提出一种适用于知识服务的服务模型——知识服务包KSP，它将知识服务按照模块化和组件化进行包装。
在讨论知识模型和服务模型的基础上，第五章提出一种“双模型+四层映射”的知识服务机制，并且相应地设计了从知识模型到服务模型的映射系统——KS-Mapping。“双模型+四层映射”的知识服务机制将知识服务问题归结为一个从知识模型到服务模型的映射问题：其中“双模型”指的是知识模型和服务模型；“四层映射”指的是从知识模型到服务模型经过一个包含四个层次的映射机制，每个层次解决一部分的转化问题，逐层转化最终完成两个模型之间的映射。KS-Mapping是采用该机制设计和实现的一个知识服务系统：具体地，其知识模型采用HyXTM；服务模型采用KSP；四层映射系统的各层分别设计了相应的映射规则以及操作集合，而且每层的规则和操作集合都是可扩展的。
本文第六章给出一个应用KS-Mapping系统的实例，这是一个咨询公司的知识服务系统。该实例具体说明了KS-Mapping系统的功能、实现以及具体工作情况，展现了它如何满足用户复杂的知识服务需求。咨询公司是知识密集型服务提供者的典型代表，该实例体现了KS-Mapping的应用潜力。
最后一章总结己取得成果以及研究中的不足，并展望进一步工作的方向。
Knowledge Services represent a merged field for knowledge and services. The promising field aims at turning knowledge assets into knowledge products and services, delivering them over the Internet, and providing the knowledge-based services through the interactions with clients. The research can by applied to many fields, including knowledge organizations, knowledge intensive businesses, professional service providers on Web, etc.
Generally, the mechanism for knowledge services explores the organization, architecture, and the working theories for knowledge service systems. The dissertation researches on the mechanism for implementing knowledge services by information technologies. On providing knowledge-based services, there is a big gap between the knowledge resources and the targeted service, either on semantics, logics, or functionalities. The core of the research is the way on turning knowledge into services.
Firstly a survey is given on the background and the related research for knowledge services from two points of view (knowledge and service). It summarized the available experiences from those systems that have had knowledge-service features. Based on that, a general framework toward knowledge services is abstracted. The framework includes three parts: a knowledge model, a service model, and a system turning the knowledge model to the service model.
Toward the knowledge model, Chapter 3 puts forward an appropriate one for knowledge services, called HyXTM, by absorbing the research on. knowledge management and Semantic Web. HyXTM is an expanded one of XML Topic Map and its hyper-graph model. Toward web applications, it models the distributed knowledge network at a higher semantic level and by a graphic way. Furthermore, the method for constructing a distributed and incremental knowledge base system is discussed based on HyXTM.
Toward the service model, Chapter 4 puts forward an appropriate one for knowledge services, called KSP, by absorbing the research on Web Services. KSP packages knowledge into modules on providing knowledge services.
Based on both the knowledge model and the service model, Chapter 5 puts forward a mechanism for knowledge services abbreviated as "Two Models + A Four-Layered Mapping System". The mechanism considers the knowledge service problem as a mapping problem, including: "Two models" are knowledge model and
service model respectively; the "Four-Layered Mapping System", which maps from the knowledge model to the service model, contains four layers; and each of the layers does a part of the mapping. Moreover, the chapter discusses a mapping system based on the mechanism, called KS-Mapping. In KS-Mapping, the knowledge model is HyXTM; the service model is KSP; each of the layers is equipped with an extensible library of the mapping rules or operations.
Chapter 6 provides a case study to apply KS-Mapping system to a consulting company. The case shows how KS-Mapping can help the company provide the knowledge services for its clients. Since the consulting company is a typical example for knowledge-intensive businesses, the study demonstrates that KS-Mapping fits well in knowledge-intensive paradigms.
Finally is the conclusion part, and the future work is expected.
知识服务机制是指知识服务系统的组成、构造及工作原理。具体地，本文研究如何通过IT技术有效实现知识服务机制，即通过IT技术对知识进行获取、组织及应用，并且通过和用户进行交互，对知识逐步进行处理和加工，使得能够通过Internet向用户提供所需要的知识及服务。基于知识提供服务，从知识到服务这之间在语义、逻辑和功能上要经过很大的跨越，因此知识服务机制研究的核心问题在于研究如何将知识转化为服务。
从知识和服务两个角度出发，本文首先对知识服务的背景和相关研究进行综述。以现有具有知识服务功能系统的实践为基础，总结出通用的知识服务框架包括三个部分：知识模型，服务模型，从知识模型到服务模型的转化系统。
在知识模型部分，吸收知识管理和语义Web的研究成果，分析目前的知识服务在功能和语义层次等方面的问题，第三章提出一种适用于知识服务的知识模型——HyXTM。这是一个基于超图的XMLTopic Maps知识模型，并且针对知识服务对XML Topic Maps及其超图加以了扩展。该模型具有较高的语义层次以及较好的Web适应性，可以通过图的方式，对分布式知识网络进行建模。另外，这一章还提出了基于HyXTM知识模型构建分布式、增长型知识库系统的方法。
在服务模型部分，面向Web服务并且针对知识服务自身的特点，第四章提出一种适用于知识服务的服务模型——知识服务包KSP，它将知识服务按照模块化和组件化进行包装。
在讨论知识模型和服务模型的基础上，第五章提出一种“双模型+四层映射”的知识服务机制，并且相应地设计了从知识模型到服务模型的映射系统——KS-Mapping。“双模型+四层映射”的知识服务机制将知识服务问题归结为一个从知识模型到服务模型的映射问题：其中“双模型”指的是知识模型和服务模型；“四层映射”指的是从知识模型到服务模型经过一个包含四个层次的映射机制，每个层次解决一部分的转化问题，逐层转化最终完成两个模型之间的映射。KS-Mapping是采用该机制设计和实现的一个知识服务系统：具体地，其知识模型采用HyXTM；服务模型采用KSP；四层映射系统的各层分别设计了相应的映射规则以及操作集合，而且每层的规则和操作集合都是可扩展的。
本文第六章给出一个应用KS-Mapping系统的实例，这是一个咨询公司的知识服务系统。该实例具体说明了KS-Mapping系统的功能、实现以及具体工作情况，展现了它如何满足用户复杂的知识服务需求。咨询公司是知识密集型服务提供者的典型代表，该实例体现了KS-Mapping的应用潜力。
最后一章总结己取得成果以及研究中的不足，并展望进一步工作的方向。
Knowledge Services represent a merged field for knowledge and services. The promising field aims at turning knowledge assets into knowledge products and services, delivering them over the Internet, and providing the knowledge-based services through the interactions with clients. The research can by applied to many fields, including knowledge organizations, knowledge intensive businesses, professional service providers on Web, etc.
Generally, the mechanism for knowledge services explores the organization, architecture, and the working theories for knowledge service systems. The dissertation researches on the mechanism for implementing knowledge services by information technologies. On providing knowledge-based services, there is a big gap between the knowledge resources and the targeted service, either on semantics, logics, or functionalities. The core of the research is the way on turning knowledge into services.
Firstly a survey is given on the background and the related research for knowledge services from two points of view (knowledge and service). It summarized the available experiences from those systems that have had knowledge-service features. Based on that, a general framework toward knowledge services is abstracted. The framework includes three parts: a knowledge model, a service model, and a system turning the knowledge model to the service model.
Toward the knowledge model, Chapter 3 puts forward an appropriate one for knowledge services, called HyXTM, by absorbing the research on. knowledge management and Semantic Web. HyXTM is an expanded one of XML Topic Map and its hyper-graph model. Toward web applications, it models the distributed knowledge network at a higher semantic level and by a graphic way. Furthermore, the method for constructing a distributed and incremental knowledge base system is discussed based on HyXTM.
Toward the service model, Chapter 4 puts forward an appropriate one for knowledge services, called KSP, by absorbing the research on Web Services. KSP packages knowledge into modules on providing knowledge services.
Based on both the knowledge model and the service model, Chapter 5 puts forward a mechanism for knowledge services abbreviated as "Two Models + A Four-Layered Mapping System". The mechanism considers the knowledge service problem as a mapping problem, including: "Two models" are knowledge model and
service model respectively; the "Four-Layered Mapping System", which maps from the knowledge model to the service model, contains four layers; and each of the layers does a part of the mapping. Moreover, the chapter discusses a mapping system based on the mechanism, called KS-Mapping. In KS-Mapping, the knowledge model is HyXTM; the service model is KSP; each of the layers is equipped with an extensible library of the mapping rules or operations.
Chapter 6 provides a case study to apply KS-Mapping system to a consulting company. The case shows how KS-Mapping can help the company provide the knowledge services for its clients. Since the consulting company is a typical example for knowledge-intensive businesses, the study demonstrates that KS-Mapping fits well in knowledge-intensive paradigms.
Finally is the conclusion part, and the future work is expected.
引文
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