风力机叶片外形优化与设计
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摘要
叶片是风力机中技术含量最高,也是最重要的部件之一。叶片的气动外形直接决定了风力机效率,因此设计具有良好气动外形的叶片是风力机设计的关键。
本论文共分为五个章节:
第一章简要介绍风能的发展现状以及本课题研究目的与内容;
第二章主要阐述风力机气动设计相关理论;
第三章对NREL-20KW叶片进行优化设计与分析,确定叶片的最佳安装角度和最佳转速,提高叶片的气动效率,降低发电成本;
第四章利用叶素--动量定理(BEM),参照相应的技术标准和自主设计的叶片结构铺层,概念设计1500KW叶片的气动几何外形,使用GH BLADED软件对其气动性能进行评估。使用PRECOMP程序计算两种不同铺层结构叶片的截面特性参数,分析叶片模态和正常运转下的叶尖挠度变形;
第五章为结论,并对今后的研究提出了展望。
通过对设计结果的分析发现上述分析设计方法,在叶片的气动设计与分析中有良好的表现,能有效的提高发电效率、降低发电成本。对叶片气动设计改进也有很好的理论指导作用。获得截面特性参数也为下一阶段更为全面的结构分析提供必要数据。
The blade is one of the highest technical content and the most important parts for wind turbine. The aerodynamic shape decides the wind turbine efficiency directly. So it is the key point for the wind turbine to design blade with better aerodynamic shape.
This thesis is divided into five parts.
The first chapter gives a brief introduction for development situation of wind energy and research purpose & contents of this subject.
The second chapter mainly explains the aerodynamic design theory of the wind turbine.
In order to improve aerodynamic efficiency of a 20KW wind turbine blade, available from NREL's design, in the third chapter it is analyzed and re-designed and its optimal pitch angle and rotor speed can be also obtained by the PROPID program.
In the fourth chapter based on BEM theory and technical standard, the aerodynamic shape concept design of 1500KW blade is done and aerodynamic performance is evaluated through the GH BLADED software. According to the characteristics of the canulate blade, conventional fiber laminas structure is not suitable and need to be re-designed to meet the new type blade structure characteristics. Sectional characteristic parameters of all the sections which are appointed in the thesis are calculated for both different fiber laminas structure blades. In the last of this chapter the blade mode and tip deflection are analyzed under running normally.
Finally, we summarize the work of the thesis and discuss some future research directions of the work.
The above design and analysis methods are well applicable to the aerodynamic shape of the wind turbine blade. The generating efficiency of the optimized blade can be improved effectively, so generating cost can be reduced considerably. These methods are also useful to improve design level and shorten design period. The data of every sectional characteristic parameter is also required for the next stage comprehensive structure analysis.
本论文共分为五个章节:
第一章简要介绍风能的发展现状以及本课题研究目的与内容;
第二章主要阐述风力机气动设计相关理论;
第三章对NREL-20KW叶片进行优化设计与分析,确定叶片的最佳安装角度和最佳转速,提高叶片的气动效率,降低发电成本;
第四章利用叶素--动量定理(BEM),参照相应的技术标准和自主设计的叶片结构铺层,概念设计1500KW叶片的气动几何外形,使用GH BLADED软件对其气动性能进行评估。使用PRECOMP程序计算两种不同铺层结构叶片的截面特性参数,分析叶片模态和正常运转下的叶尖挠度变形;
第五章为结论,并对今后的研究提出了展望。
通过对设计结果的分析发现上述分析设计方法,在叶片的气动设计与分析中有良好的表现,能有效的提高发电效率、降低发电成本。对叶片气动设计改进也有很好的理论指导作用。获得截面特性参数也为下一阶段更为全面的结构分析提供必要数据。
The blade is one of the highest technical content and the most important parts for wind turbine. The aerodynamic shape decides the wind turbine efficiency directly. So it is the key point for the wind turbine to design blade with better aerodynamic shape.
This thesis is divided into five parts.
The first chapter gives a brief introduction for development situation of wind energy and research purpose & contents of this subject.
The second chapter mainly explains the aerodynamic design theory of the wind turbine.
In order to improve aerodynamic efficiency of a 20KW wind turbine blade, available from NREL's design, in the third chapter it is analyzed and re-designed and its optimal pitch angle and rotor speed can be also obtained by the PROPID program.
In the fourth chapter based on BEM theory and technical standard, the aerodynamic shape concept design of 1500KW blade is done and aerodynamic performance is evaluated through the GH BLADED software. According to the characteristics of the canulate blade, conventional fiber laminas structure is not suitable and need to be re-designed to meet the new type blade structure characteristics. Sectional characteristic parameters of all the sections which are appointed in the thesis are calculated for both different fiber laminas structure blades. In the last of this chapter the blade mode and tip deflection are analyzed under running normally.
Finally, we summarize the work of the thesis and discuss some future research directions of the work.
The above design and analysis methods are well applicable to the aerodynamic shape of the wind turbine blade. The generating efficiency of the optimized blade can be improved effectively, so generating cost can be reduced considerably. These methods are also useful to improve design level and shorten design period. The data of every sectional characteristic parameter is also required for the next stage comprehensive structure analysis.
引文
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[2]郭大蕾,王飞跃,易建强等.风电资源开发利用进展.太阳能,2005,(5):7
[3]文丝.2020年风电有望成为中国第三大发电电源.发明与创新,2006,(3):19
[4]Rich Bowden.Wind Energy:An Overview.Worldpress.org,2006,(9):6
[5]施鹏飞.产业化发展最快的清洁能源技术—风力发电.太阳能学报,1999特刊:150-157
[6]李俊峰.风力12在中国.北京:化学工业出版社,2005
[7]鄂春良,许洪华.我国风力发电与面临的挑战.中国科技成果,2005,(13)
[8]麦卡特.中国发展风力发电大有可为.第一情报-风力发电,2005,(2):1
[9]赵慧欣,田德,王海宽等.风力发电机叶轮技术的发展现状.农村牧区机械化,2004,(4):21-22
[10]钟伟强.国内外风力发电的概况.风机技术,2005,(5):44-46
[11]任艳林,杨文白.2005年世界各国风电发展回顾.世界环境,2006,(2):54-55
[12]陈蕾.风力发电:在政策助推下快速起步.中国投资,2005,(12):45-47
[13]中国气候变化国别研究组.中国气候变化国别研究,北京:清华大学出版社,2000
[14]邓兴勇,陈云程,叶凡,凌志光.风力发电机叶轮的数值优化设计.工程热物理学报,1999,Vol.20(1):454-48.
[15]张维智,李军,董文华.风力机叶片优化设计的探讨.第六届全国风工程及工业空气动力学学术会议,2002,9:403-407.
[16]卞于中,周玉,李学士等.风力机叶片气动弹性实验.气动实验与测量控制,1994,Vol.8(3):29-34.
[17]叶凡,郭军,袁国青,陈云程.20kw风力与40/20kw柴油发电机组并联运行系统风轮玻璃钢叶片研制.太阳能学报,1995,Vol.16(1):29-39.
[18]陈余岳.大型风力机玻璃钢叶片设计.玻璃钢/复合材料,1998,Vol.8(4):17-20.
[19]李本立,安玉华.风力机气动弹性稳定性的研究.太阳能学报,1996,Vol.17(4):314-320.
[20]包能胜,曹人靖,叶枝全.风力机桨叶结构振动特性有限元分析.太阳能学报,2000,Vol.21(1):77-81.
[21]中国风机叶片市场现状与发展趋势浅析.环球风力资讯,2007,(10):19-20
[22]TPI Composites,Inc.,Blade Manufacturing Improvements Development of the ERS-100 Blade.Sandia National Laboratories Report,SAND 2001-1381 May 2001.
[23]陈宗来,陈余岳.大型风力机复合材料叶片技术及进展.玻璃钢/复合材料,2005,(3):53-57.
[24]叶枝全,黄继雄,陈严等.适用于风力机的新翼型气动性能的实验研究,太阳能学报,2003,Vol.24(4):548-554.
[25]Peter Fuglsang,Kristian S Dahl.Design of the New Ris(?)-Al Airfoil Family for Wind Turbines,1999 European Wind Energy Conference,1-5 March 1999,Nice,France,134-137.
[26]Rasmussen F.Aerodynamic performance of a new LM 17.2 rotor.RIS(?)-Repro,1984
[27]Tangier,J.L.,and Somers,D.M.,"NREL Airfoil Families for HAWTs," American Wind Energy Association WindPower '95 Conference,Washington,DC,March 26-30,1995.
[28]Tangier,J.L.,Smith,B.,and Jager,D.,SERI Advanced Wind Turbine Blades,NREL/TP-257-4492,National Renewable Energy Laboratory(formerly the Solar Energy Research Institute),Golden,CO,February 1992.
[29]Herman Snel.Review of Aerodynamics for Wind Turbines,Wind Energy.2003,6:203-211
[30]D.J.Malcolm,D.J.Malcolm.WindPACT Turbine Rotor Design Study.NREL/SR-500-32495,2006.4
[31]Scott J.Schreck,Michael C.Robinson.Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine Blade Aerodynamics in Experiments and Modeling.IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ENERGY CONVERSION.2007,22(1):61-70.
[32]Flemming Rasmussen,Morten Hartvig Hansen et al.Present Status of Aeroelasticity of Wind Turbines.Wind Energy.2003,6(3):213-228.
[33]Jason M.Jonkman,Marshall L.Buhl Jr.FAST User's Guide.NREL/EL-500-38230,2005,08.
[34]P.J.Moriarty,A.C.Hansen.AeroDyn Theory Manual.NREL/TP-500-36881,2005.01
[35]David J.Laino,A.Craig Hansen.AeroDyn USER'S GUIDE.AeroDyn 12.50,24-Dec-2002
[36]Bossanyi,E.A.BLADED for Windows Theory Manual.Bristol England:Garrad Hassan and Partners Limited,September 1997.
[37]海上风电场建设研究.环球风力资讯,2007(10):30-47.
[38]TPI Composites,Inc.,Parametric Study for Large Wind Turbine Blades,SAND2002-2519,2002,08.
[39]K.J.Jackson,M.D.Zuteck,et al.,Innovative Design Approaches for Large Wind Turbine Blades,Wind Energy.2005,8:141-171
[40]邓兴勇,凌志光,周炳海等.风力机设计软件WTD1.0气动设计性能分析.上海工程技术大学学报,2000,Vol.14(3):167-172.
[41]《科学时报》:院士专家展望中国风能发电前景:起旋风,市场进入恰逢其时.2005年11月18日.
[42]陈余岳,姚辉,李波.1MW变速恒频风力机复合材料叶片设计.玻璃钢,2004(4):1-6
[43]陈余岳,姚辉.1.5MW变速恒频风力机玻璃钢叶片结构设计.玻璃钢学会第十六届全国玻璃钢/复合材料学术年会论文集,2006:7-10.
[44]景兴宇,秦海岩.淘金千亿风电市场.新财富,2006(5):194-199
[45]黄争鸣.复合材料风力机叶片的成型模具.中国专利:200520040866.1,2005-4-26
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