平伏纤孔菌分类及两种纤孔菌液体培养和化学成分研究
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摘要
纤孔菌属(Inonotus)是锈革孔菌科中的一个重要类群,分布广泛,种类丰富,其中一些具有重要的药用价值。本文研究了我国纤孔菌属中子实体平伏类群的分类及其资源和分布,此外,对具有药用价值的忍冬纤孔菌(Inonotus lonicericola)的液体培养和环区纤孔菌(I. zonatus)的化学成分进行了研究。结果如下：
目前我国已报道的42种纤孔菌中,平伏纤孔菌有10个种,依次为安德松纤孔菌(Inonotus andersonii)、河南纤孔菌(I. henanensis)、巨型刚毛纤孔菌(I. magnisetus)、硬纤孔菌(I. indurescens)、白边纤孔菌(I. niveomarginatus)、桦褐孔菌(I. obliquus)、暗褐纤孔菌(I. perchocolatus)、粉纤孔菌(I. pruinosus)、刚纤孔菌(I. rigidus)和薄纤孔菌(I. tenuissimus)、其中白边纤孔菌和薄纤孔菌为本研究发现的新种。白边纤孔菌的主要特征为：担子果一年生,边缘有白边；子实体平伏,贴生,软木质；孔口圆形,每毫米6-8个；菌丝薄壁到厚壁,有内腔；无刚毛；担孢子卵圆形到近球形,淡黄色,厚壁,光滑,偶尔有斑点。薄纤孔菌的主要特征为：担子果一年生；子实体平伏,贴生,软木质；孔口角形,每毫米3-4个；菌丝厚壁；无刚毛；担孢子子椭圆形,淡黄色,厚壁,光滑。
忍冬纤孔菌(I. lonicericola)液体培养以葡萄糖为碳源时菌丝体生物量最高,以木糖和蔗糖为碳源时菌丝体的生物量较低；氮源以酵母粉等有机氮为宜,以无机氮为氮源时几乎不生长。在忍冬纤孔菌液体培养过程中,菌丝体生物量在接种168h到224h达到最大,培养液的pH值从培养24h时的5.36降至48h的4.36,随后基本在4.0左右；胞内外提多酚含量随着培养过程而变化：在168h时胞外多酚含量达到最大值,随后有所降低；胞内多酚含量增长缓慢,最大值在192h出现,且随后缓慢降低。此外,光照对忍冬纤孔菌液体培养菌丝体有轻微抑制作用,但能够促进胞内外多酚含量的增加和胞内外提取物对1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(DPPH)自由基的抑制。初始pH5.3的培养液,最适宜忍冬纤孔菌液体培养,菌丝体生物量最大,胞内外多酚含量高,胞内外提取物的活性也高；而初始pH10.0的培养液抑制菌丝生长、胞内外多酚的形成。
首次对环区纤孔菌(I. zonatus)液体发酵产物的化学成分进行了研究,得到12个化合物。经结构鉴定分别为：棕榈酸(1)、亚油酸甲酯(2)、(Z)-6-乙酰基-3-(1,2-二羟基亚丙基)-5-羟基-8-甲基苯并吡喃-2-酮(3)、二甲基咯嗪(4)、5：5’-二乙酰基-2：6：2’：6’-四羟基-3：3’-二甲基二苯基甲烷(5)、环(亮-缬)二肽(6)、麦角甾醇(7)、过氧麦角甾醇(8)、麦角甾-7,22-二烯-3β,5a,6β-三醇(9)、一对具有顺反异构的3-Methylpent-2-en-1,5-dioic acid(10和11)和Penilactone A(14)。
Inonotus P. Karst. is one of the largest genera of Hymenochaetales, with rich divesity world-wide, and some species have high medicinal value. The taxonomy of resupinate Inonotus and their resource and distribution in China were studied. Moreover, the liquid culture of medicinal fungus-Inonotus lonicericola (Parmasto) Y.C. Dai and the chemical composition of another medicinal fungus-I. zonatus Y.C. Dai&X.M. Tian were studied, separately. The results are the following:
About42species of Inonotus have been reported in China till now. Among them, ten were resupate fruiting body species, including I. andersonii (Ellis&Everh.) Cerny,I. henanensis Juan Li&Y.C. Dai,I. indurescens Y.C. Dai,I. magnisetus Y.C. Dai,I. niveomarginatus H.Y. Yu, C.L. Zhao&Y.C. Dai,I. obliquus, I. perchocolatus Corner,I. pruinosus Bondartsev,I. rigidus B.K. Cui&Y.C. Dai and I. tenuissimus H.Y. Yu, C.L Zhao&Y.C. Dai respectively. Two taxa of I. niveomarginatus and I. tenuissimus were described as new species in this study. Inonotus niveomarginatus is characterized by resupinate basidiocarps with distinct white margins, a monomitic hyphal structure, absence of hymenial and hyphoid setae, and yellowish, thick-walle, ovoid to subglobose basidiospores. Inonotus tenuissimus can be distinguished from other Inonotus species by the combination of resupinate habit, a mono-to dimitic hyphal structure, absence of the hymenial and hyphoid setae, and yellowish thick-walled ellipsoid basidiospores.
In the liquid culture of Inonotus lonicericola, the mycelium bio mass was highest on the medium of glucose as the carbon source, and relatively low in the medium of xylose and sucrose as carbon source. In addition, the mycelium biomass was higher in the organic nitrogen source than those in the inorganic nitrogen, and the growth was nearly stopped with urea, potassium nitrate, ammonium sulfate medium. During the cultivation in shaked liquid medium (volume=250mL) of I.lonicericola, the mycelial biomass was highest at168-216h as8.33g L-1; the pH value of the medium decreased from5.36at24h to4.36at48h, and then it becamestable at value around4.0. The intracellular and extracellular polyphenolic content were changed in the culture process:extracellular polyphenol (EP) content reached a maximum level at168h, and then decreased slowly; the intracellular polyphenol (IP) increased slowly and reached a maximum value at192h and then decreased slowly. In addition,24h light slightly inhibited the growth of mycelia, but promoted the formation of IP and EP, and inhibition of DPPH radical. The initial culture medium of pH5.3was the best for the increase of mycelial biomass, the IP and EP content, and antioxidant activities against DPPH radical. In the initial culture of pH10.0, the mycelial growth and the generation of EP and IP were inhibited.
In the study of chemical composition of Inonotus zonatus,12compounds were isolatied from the fermentation products. Their structures were identified as palmitic acid (1), methyl linoleate (2),(Z)-6-acetyl-3-(l,2-dihydroxypropylidene)-5-hydroxy-8-methylchroman-2-one (3),7,8-dimethylbenzo[g]pteridine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione (4),5:5'-diacetyl-2:6:2':6'-tetrahydroxy-3:3'-dimethyldiphenylmethane (5), Cyclic dipeptide (Leu-VAL)(6),(22E,24R)-Ergosta-7,22-dien-3β-o1(7), ergosterol peroxide (8),(22E,24R)-Ergosta-7,22-diene-3β,5α,6β-triol (9),(Z or E)3-Methylpent-2-en-1,5-dioic acid (10and11) and Penilactone A (14).
目前我国已报道的42种纤孔菌中,平伏纤孔菌有10个种,依次为安德松纤孔菌(Inonotus andersonii)、河南纤孔菌(I. henanensis)、巨型刚毛纤孔菌(I. magnisetus)、硬纤孔菌(I. indurescens)、白边纤孔菌(I. niveomarginatus)、桦褐孔菌(I. obliquus)、暗褐纤孔菌(I. perchocolatus)、粉纤孔菌(I. pruinosus)、刚纤孔菌(I. rigidus)和薄纤孔菌(I. tenuissimus)、其中白边纤孔菌和薄纤孔菌为本研究发现的新种。白边纤孔菌的主要特征为：担子果一年生,边缘有白边；子实体平伏,贴生,软木质；孔口圆形,每毫米6-8个；菌丝薄壁到厚壁,有内腔；无刚毛；担孢子卵圆形到近球形,淡黄色,厚壁,光滑,偶尔有斑点。薄纤孔菌的主要特征为：担子果一年生；子实体平伏,贴生,软木质；孔口角形,每毫米3-4个；菌丝厚壁；无刚毛；担孢子子椭圆形,淡黄色,厚壁,光滑。
忍冬纤孔菌(I. lonicericola)液体培养以葡萄糖为碳源时菌丝体生物量最高,以木糖和蔗糖为碳源时菌丝体的生物量较低；氮源以酵母粉等有机氮为宜,以无机氮为氮源时几乎不生长。在忍冬纤孔菌液体培养过程中,菌丝体生物量在接种168h到224h达到最大,培养液的pH值从培养24h时的5.36降至48h的4.36,随后基本在4.0左右；胞内外提多酚含量随着培养过程而变化：在168h时胞外多酚含量达到最大值,随后有所降低；胞内多酚含量增长缓慢,最大值在192h出现,且随后缓慢降低。此外,光照对忍冬纤孔菌液体培养菌丝体有轻微抑制作用,但能够促进胞内外多酚含量的增加和胞内外提取物对1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(DPPH)自由基的抑制。初始pH5.3的培养液,最适宜忍冬纤孔菌液体培养,菌丝体生物量最大,胞内外多酚含量高,胞内外提取物的活性也高；而初始pH10.0的培养液抑制菌丝生长、胞内外多酚的形成。
首次对环区纤孔菌(I. zonatus)液体发酵产物的化学成分进行了研究,得到12个化合物。经结构鉴定分别为：棕榈酸(1)、亚油酸甲酯(2)、(Z)-6-乙酰基-3-(1,2-二羟基亚丙基)-5-羟基-8-甲基苯并吡喃-2-酮(3)、二甲基咯嗪(4)、5：5’-二乙酰基-2：6：2’：6’-四羟基-3：3’-二甲基二苯基甲烷(5)、环(亮-缬)二肽(6)、麦角甾醇(7)、过氧麦角甾醇(8)、麦角甾-7,22-二烯-3β,5a,6β-三醇(9)、一对具有顺反异构的3-Methylpent-2-en-1,5-dioic acid(10和11)和Penilactone A(14)。
Inonotus P. Karst. is one of the largest genera of Hymenochaetales, with rich divesity world-wide, and some species have high medicinal value. The taxonomy of resupinate Inonotus and their resource and distribution in China were studied. Moreover, the liquid culture of medicinal fungus-Inonotus lonicericola (Parmasto) Y.C. Dai and the chemical composition of another medicinal fungus-I. zonatus Y.C. Dai&X.M. Tian were studied, separately. The results are the following:
About42species of Inonotus have been reported in China till now. Among them, ten were resupate fruiting body species, including I. andersonii (Ellis&Everh.) Cerny,I. henanensis Juan Li&Y.C. Dai,I. indurescens Y.C. Dai,I. magnisetus Y.C. Dai,I. niveomarginatus H.Y. Yu, C.L. Zhao&Y.C. Dai,I. obliquus, I. perchocolatus Corner,I. pruinosus Bondartsev,I. rigidus B.K. Cui&Y.C. Dai and I. tenuissimus H.Y. Yu, C.L Zhao&Y.C. Dai respectively. Two taxa of I. niveomarginatus and I. tenuissimus were described as new species in this study. Inonotus niveomarginatus is characterized by resupinate basidiocarps with distinct white margins, a monomitic hyphal structure, absence of hymenial and hyphoid setae, and yellowish, thick-walle, ovoid to subglobose basidiospores. Inonotus tenuissimus can be distinguished from other Inonotus species by the combination of resupinate habit, a mono-to dimitic hyphal structure, absence of the hymenial and hyphoid setae, and yellowish thick-walled ellipsoid basidiospores.
In the liquid culture of Inonotus lonicericola, the mycelium bio mass was highest on the medium of glucose as the carbon source, and relatively low in the medium of xylose and sucrose as carbon source. In addition, the mycelium biomass was higher in the organic nitrogen source than those in the inorganic nitrogen, and the growth was nearly stopped with urea, potassium nitrate, ammonium sulfate medium. During the cultivation in shaked liquid medium (volume=250mL) of I.lonicericola, the mycelial biomass was highest at168-216h as8.33g L-1; the pH value of the medium decreased from5.36at24h to4.36at48h, and then it becamestable at value around4.0. The intracellular and extracellular polyphenolic content were changed in the culture process:extracellular polyphenol (EP) content reached a maximum level at168h, and then decreased slowly; the intracellular polyphenol (IP) increased slowly and reached a maximum value at192h and then decreased slowly. In addition,24h light slightly inhibited the growth of mycelia, but promoted the formation of IP and EP, and inhibition of DPPH radical. The initial culture medium of pH5.3was the best for the increase of mycelial biomass, the IP and EP content, and antioxidant activities against DPPH radical. In the initial culture of pH10.0, the mycelial growth and the generation of EP and IP were inhibited.
In the study of chemical composition of Inonotus zonatus,12compounds were isolatied from the fermentation products. Their structures were identified as palmitic acid (1), methyl linoleate (2),(Z)-6-acetyl-3-(l,2-dihydroxypropylidene)-5-hydroxy-8-methylchroman-2-one (3),7,8-dimethylbenzo[g]pteridine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione (4),5:5'-diacetyl-2:6:2':6'-tetrahydroxy-3:3'-dimethyldiphenylmethane (5), Cyclic dipeptide (Leu-VAL)(6),(22E,24R)-Ergosta-7,22-dien-3β-o1(7), ergosterol peroxide (8),(22E,24R)-Ergosta-7,22-diene-3β,5α,6β-triol (9),(Z or E)3-Methylpent-2-en-1,5-dioic acid (10and11) and Penilactone A (14).
引文
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