荷电气固两相流动管内输运过程的试验研究
摘要
基于碰撞理论和电凝并理论,荷电颗粒的输运流场直接影响了凝并流场。本文进行凝并的前期研究工作,利用试验方法研究荷电气固两相流动管内输运的流场特性,探讨细微颗粒的荷电机理和有效充电方法,使用先进流场测量技术PIV研究外加电场对颗粒流场的作用。主要研究内容如下:
1.分析荷电颗粒的受力,并比较主要作用力的数量级关系,从而简化了受力,且建立荷电颗粒运动微分方程。采用雷诺输运定理、平均原理以及高斯定理建立荷电气固两相流动体平均守恒方程组。
2.自行设计网状接触感应电极充电装置,颗粒以接触、感应方式荷电,试验所得:充电电压低于-10kV,颗粒的荷质比随充电电压的降低而增加,在-60kV时基本达到饱和荷电量,且荷质比与充电电压成非线性关系。
3.设计荷电气固两相流动试验系统,测量了荷电颗粒在输运段运动的重要参数——颗粒沉积量。试验表明随着充电电压的降低,颗粒的沉积量减小,并在靠近电极区域颗粒的沉降逐渐均匀。对比非荷电颗粒,荷电颗粒的受力中增加了电场力、颗粒间诱导电场力以及由电场脉动引起的流场脉动对颗粒的作用力,随着充电电压的降低,这几个力在输运过程中逐渐起主要作用。
4.本文首次采用PIV技术对荷电气固管内流动流场进行研究,获得不同充电工况下流动瞬态流场信息,并就流场特性随电压的改变进行分析,结果表明:随着充电电压的减小,荷电气固输运流场中速度、涡量的分布值随电压的降低而增加,湍动能的分布呈现单峰特性,在-50kV时达到最大值。
Based on collision theory and the theory of charged coagulation, the convey flow flied of charged particle determine the coagulation flow field. this thesis research the flow characteristic of convey process of charged gas-solid two phase flow in the pipeline by experiment, including probe into charge mechanism and availibity electrification technique, then use advanced flow field measure technique-PIV system to research the additional electric field effect on particle flow field, the content are as follows:
1. The mostly force on a charged particle under a quantitatively unit is analyzed ,and eventually predigest the force and established a movement differential equation of charged particle. Based on Reynolds transport equation, the continuity, momentum and energy equation of charged gas-solid two phase flow are established, volume average conservation equation of this flow is established.
2. Designed a new contacting and inductive web charged electrode, particle obtained charge by means of touching and inductiving. The experimentation concluded that if charged voltage is under -10kV, the lower charged voltage is , the larger charge to mass ratio is, and the ratio actived a saturation at -60kV charged voltage ,and the relation of charge to mass with charged voltage is non-linear.
3. Contrived a charged gas-solid two phase flow tentative system ,which measured a importance parameter-particle aggradation quantity in the convey pipeline. In course of experiment, it is found that as the charged voltage decreasing, the less aggradation quantity is obtained, and gradually the aggradation is uniform near the electrode. Compared with non-charged particle, an electric field force、electric field force interparticles and a force because of impulsive motion of flow exert on charged particle.
4. The thesis firstly researched the flow field of charged gas-solid two phase flow in the convey pipeline by using PIV system. At last, some information of instantaneous flow field under diversified charged voltage is obtained, and analysis about the flow variety as the voltage increasing. The conclusion indicated that the velocity, vorticity of charged gas-solid flow fluctuate with increasing voltage, and turbulent kinetic energy reaches the most value at -50kV.
1.分析荷电颗粒的受力,并比较主要作用力的数量级关系,从而简化了受力,且建立荷电颗粒运动微分方程。采用雷诺输运定理、平均原理以及高斯定理建立荷电气固两相流动体平均守恒方程组。
2.自行设计网状接触感应电极充电装置,颗粒以接触、感应方式荷电,试验所得:充电电压低于-10kV,颗粒的荷质比随充电电压的降低而增加,在-60kV时基本达到饱和荷电量,且荷质比与充电电压成非线性关系。
3.设计荷电气固两相流动试验系统,测量了荷电颗粒在输运段运动的重要参数——颗粒沉积量。试验表明随着充电电压的降低,颗粒的沉积量减小,并在靠近电极区域颗粒的沉降逐渐均匀。对比非荷电颗粒,荷电颗粒的受力中增加了电场力、颗粒间诱导电场力以及由电场脉动引起的流场脉动对颗粒的作用力,随着充电电压的降低,这几个力在输运过程中逐渐起主要作用。
4.本文首次采用PIV技术对荷电气固管内流动流场进行研究,获得不同充电工况下流动瞬态流场信息,并就流场特性随电压的改变进行分析,结果表明:随着充电电压的减小,荷电气固输运流场中速度、涡量的分布值随电压的降低而增加,湍动能的分布呈现单峰特性,在-50kV时达到最大值。
Based on collision theory and the theory of charged coagulation, the convey flow flied of charged particle determine the coagulation flow field. this thesis research the flow characteristic of convey process of charged gas-solid two phase flow in the pipeline by experiment, including probe into charge mechanism and availibity electrification technique, then use advanced flow field measure technique-PIV system to research the additional electric field effect on particle flow field, the content are as follows:
1. The mostly force on a charged particle under a quantitatively unit is analyzed ,and eventually predigest the force and established a movement differential equation of charged particle. Based on Reynolds transport equation, the continuity, momentum and energy equation of charged gas-solid two phase flow are established, volume average conservation equation of this flow is established.
2. Designed a new contacting and inductive web charged electrode, particle obtained charge by means of touching and inductiving. The experimentation concluded that if charged voltage is under -10kV, the lower charged voltage is , the larger charge to mass ratio is, and the ratio actived a saturation at -60kV charged voltage ,and the relation of charge to mass with charged voltage is non-linear.
3. Contrived a charged gas-solid two phase flow tentative system ,which measured a importance parameter-particle aggradation quantity in the convey pipeline. In course of experiment, it is found that as the charged voltage decreasing, the less aggradation quantity is obtained, and gradually the aggradation is uniform near the electrode. Compared with non-charged particle, an electric field force、electric field force interparticles and a force because of impulsive motion of flow exert on charged particle.
4. The thesis firstly researched the flow field of charged gas-solid two phase flow in the convey pipeline by using PIV system. At last, some information of instantaneous flow field under diversified charged voltage is obtained, and analysis about the flow variety as the voltage increasing. The conclusion indicated that the velocity, vorticity of charged gas-solid flow fluctuate with increasing voltage, and turbulent kinetic energy reaches the most value at -50kV.
引文
[1]应宝胜,静电喷涂中荷电油液的雾化研究[J],表面技术,2003,12-16
[2]C.-U.Bottner,M.Sommerfeld,Numerical calculation of electrostatic powder painting using the Euler/Lagrange approach[J],POWDER TECHNOLOGY,2002,206-216
[3]许德玄,静电除尘预荷电的研究[J],环境工程,1997(6)
[4]王军锋,煤油荷电喷雾特性及喷雾流场的试验研究[J],机械工程学报,2002(7)
[5]于水,静电喷雾液滴破碎的理论边界条件研究[J],内燃机学报,2005(3),239-243
[6]闻建龙,王军峰,张军,等.柴油机高压静电雾化燃烧的研究[J].内燃机学报,2003,21(1):31-34.
[7]Matthew E Thomas,Roberto Disalvo.Elect rostatic Atomization Insertion into Compression Ignition Engines[C].SAE Paper 2002 20123053,2002.
[8]周浩生,罗惕乾等.静电喷粉沉积速度场理论研究[J].农业机械学报.1998,29(4):55-59.
[9]周浩生,陆继东,等.静电场对气动喷头雾化性能的影响研究[J].华中理工大学学报,1998,26(3):56-58.
[10]崔宝欣.复合电晕物中粉尘粒子的荷电机制[J],烟台师范学院学报,1998,14(2):106-109.
[11]周浩生,罗惕乾,等.静电喷粉颗粒沉积速度的试验研究[J].农业工程学报,1998,14(1):55-58.
[12]Laitinen A,Hautanen J,Keskinen J.Bipolar charged aerosol agglomeration with alternating electric field in laminar gas flow[J],Electrostatics,1996,38:303-315
[13]Stanley B.Grant,Kinetic theories for the coagulation and sedimentation of particles[J],Journal of Colloid and Interface Science,2001,238-250
[14]周力行,郑楚光,等.湍流两相流动有燃烧颗粒相概率密度函数输运方程理论[J].工程热物理学报,2000,21(2):247-250.
[15]Zhou Lixing.Recent advance in studies on multiphase and reacting flows in China[J].Acta Mechanica Sinica,2002,18(2):97-113.
[16]周力行,湍流气粒两相流动和燃烧的理论与数值模拟[J],1994,科学出版社
[17]Zhou lx,Huang XQ.Predition of confined gas-particle jets using an energy equation of particle turbulence[J].Science in China,1998,A31,1262-1268.
[18]杨玟,周力行,等,气泡一液体多股射流二阶矩两相湍流模型的模拟[J],工程热物理学报,2002,23(2):231-234
[19]李长志,湍流气固两相流动数值模拟理论研究的最新进展[J],电站系统工程,2002(3)
[20]周浩生,荷电气固两相流动与静电喷粉沉积性能研究[J],1997
[21]周力行,k-ε-kp两相湍流模型用于模拟有旋突扩气粒两相流动[J],工程热物理学报,1995(4)
[22]王运良,气固两相流k-ε-kp-εp双流体模型及应用[J],航空动力学报,1994(3)
[23]刘大有,二相流体动力学[M],1993,高等教育出版社
[24]Soo,S.L,Fluid Dynamics of Multiphase System[M],Blaisdell Publishing Co,Waltham,1967.
[25][日]菅义夫.静电手册[M].北京:科学出版社,1978.
[26]解广润等.高压静电场[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社,1987.
[27]冯慈璋.电磁场[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1983.
[28]P.Rambaud On the behavior of charged particles in the near wall region of a channel flow[J],Powder Technology,125(2002) 199-205
[29]袁颖,荷电水雾除尘过程中颗粒运动轨迹的数值模拟[J],北京化工大学学报(自然科学版),2005,28-32
[30]郑加强.风送静电喷雾研究极其在灭蝗中的应用[D].江苏工学院博士学位论文,1992.
[31]王泽.荷电气固两相流及在植保工程中的应用[D].江苏理工大学博士学位论文,1994.
[32]周浩生.荷电气-固两相流动理论及应用[D].江苏理工大学博士论文,1997.
[33]金晗辉.荷电两相湍流理论在病虫害防治技术中的应用研究[D].江苏理工大学硕士论文,1999.
[34]闻建龙,王军锋,等.荷电改善燃油雾化的试验研究[J].中国公路学报,2002,15(3):37-41.
[35]35鲍重光,静电技术原理[M],北京理工大学出版社,北京,1993
[36]郑加强,静电喷雾雾滴荷质比测定研究综述[J],江苏工学院学报,1992,13(1),1-6。
[37]Shuji Matsusaka,Bipolar charge distribution of a mixture of particles with different electrostatic characteristics in gas-solids pipe flow[J],Powder Technology,150-155,2003
[38]M.K.Mazumder,R.E Ware,Measurement of particles size and electrostatic charge distributions on toners using E-SPART analyzer[J],IEEE Trans,Ind,Appl.27(1991) 611-619
[39]Masaharu,A study on the static electrification of powders during pneumatic transportation and the ignition of dust cloud[J],POWDER TECHNOLOGY,2003,234-242
[40]沈熊,激光多普勒测速技术及应用[M],清华大学出版社,北京,2004
[41]范洁川,近代流动显示技术[M],北京,国防工业出版社,2002
[42]刘大有.两相流体动力学[M].工程力学丛书,北京:高等教育出版社,1993.
[43]黄社华.固液两相运动理论及水力机械泥沙磨损的研究[D].武汉:博士学位论文,华中理工大学博士学位论文,1995.
[44]林为干.电磁场理论[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,1984.
[45]郭烈锦,两相与多相流动力学[M],西安交通大学出版社,2002
[46]Basset,A.B,Hydrodynamics,vol.2,Dover[M],New York,285-292,1961
[47]L.普郎特,流体力学概论[M],科学出版社,北京,1981(郭永怀,陆士嘉译)
[48]Saffman,P.G,The lift on a small sphere in a slow shear flow[J].Fluid of Mech.22,385-400,1965.
[49]闻建龙,陈汇龙,王军锋等,荷电两相流动颗粒运动微分方程的建立[J],排灌机械,2003,43-45.
[50]闻建龙,燃油荷电喷雾燃烧的冷态试验研究[J],江苏理工大学学报(自然科学版),2001,9-12
[51]刘大有.两相流体动力学[M].工程力学丛书,北京:高等教育出版社,1993.
[52]张宝铭,静电防护技术手册[M],电子工业出版社,2000.
[53]王显龙,静电除尘器的新应用及其发展方向[J],工业安全与环保,2003(11),3-6
[54]王泽.荷电气固两相流及在植保工程中的应用[D].江苏理工大学博士学位论文,1994.
[55]周浩生.荷电气-固两相流动理论及应用[D].江苏理工大学博士论文,1997.
[56]王军锋,荷电喷雾燃烧的基础研究--燃油静电喷雾及荷电两相湍流射流的研究[D],江苏大学博士学位论文,2002。
[2]C.-U.Bottner,M.Sommerfeld,Numerical calculation of electrostatic powder painting using the Euler/Lagrange approach[J],POWDER TECHNOLOGY,2002,206-216
[3]许德玄,静电除尘预荷电的研究[J],环境工程,1997(6)
[4]王军锋,煤油荷电喷雾特性及喷雾流场的试验研究[J],机械工程学报,2002(7)
[5]于水,静电喷雾液滴破碎的理论边界条件研究[J],内燃机学报,2005(3),239-243
[6]闻建龙,王军峰,张军,等.柴油机高压静电雾化燃烧的研究[J].内燃机学报,2003,21(1):31-34.
[7]Matthew E Thomas,Roberto Disalvo.Elect rostatic Atomization Insertion into Compression Ignition Engines[C].SAE Paper 2002 20123053,2002.
[8]周浩生,罗惕乾等.静电喷粉沉积速度场理论研究[J].农业机械学报.1998,29(4):55-59.
[9]周浩生,陆继东,等.静电场对气动喷头雾化性能的影响研究[J].华中理工大学学报,1998,26(3):56-58.
[10]崔宝欣.复合电晕物中粉尘粒子的荷电机制[J],烟台师范学院学报,1998,14(2):106-109.
[11]周浩生,罗惕乾,等.静电喷粉颗粒沉积速度的试验研究[J].农业工程学报,1998,14(1):55-58.
[12]Laitinen A,Hautanen J,Keskinen J.Bipolar charged aerosol agglomeration with alternating electric field in laminar gas flow[J],Electrostatics,1996,38:303-315
[13]Stanley B.Grant,Kinetic theories for the coagulation and sedimentation of particles[J],Journal of Colloid and Interface Science,2001,238-250
[14]周力行,郑楚光,等.湍流两相流动有燃烧颗粒相概率密度函数输运方程理论[J].工程热物理学报,2000,21(2):247-250.
[15]Zhou Lixing.Recent advance in studies on multiphase and reacting flows in China[J].Acta Mechanica Sinica,2002,18(2):97-113.
[16]周力行,湍流气粒两相流动和燃烧的理论与数值模拟[J],1994,科学出版社
[17]Zhou lx,Huang XQ.Predition of confined gas-particle jets using an energy equation of particle turbulence[J].Science in China,1998,A31,1262-1268.
[18]杨玟,周力行,等,气泡一液体多股射流二阶矩两相湍流模型的模拟[J],工程热物理学报,2002,23(2):231-234
[19]李长志,湍流气固两相流动数值模拟理论研究的最新进展[J],电站系统工程,2002(3)
[20]周浩生,荷电气固两相流动与静电喷粉沉积性能研究[J],1997
[21]周力行,k-ε-kp两相湍流模型用于模拟有旋突扩气粒两相流动[J],工程热物理学报,1995(4)
[22]王运良,气固两相流k-ε-kp-εp双流体模型及应用[J],航空动力学报,1994(3)
[23]刘大有,二相流体动力学[M],1993,高等教育出版社
[24]Soo,S.L,Fluid Dynamics of Multiphase System[M],Blaisdell Publishing Co,Waltham,1967.
[25][日]菅义夫.静电手册[M].北京:科学出版社,1978.
[26]解广润等.高压静电场[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社,1987.
[27]冯慈璋.电磁场[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1983.
[28]P.Rambaud On the behavior of charged particles in the near wall region of a channel flow[J],Powder Technology,125(2002) 199-205
[29]袁颖,荷电水雾除尘过程中颗粒运动轨迹的数值模拟[J],北京化工大学学报(自然科学版),2005,28-32
[30]郑加强.风送静电喷雾研究极其在灭蝗中的应用[D].江苏工学院博士学位论文,1992.
[31]王泽.荷电气固两相流及在植保工程中的应用[D].江苏理工大学博士学位论文,1994.
[32]周浩生.荷电气-固两相流动理论及应用[D].江苏理工大学博士论文,1997.
[33]金晗辉.荷电两相湍流理论在病虫害防治技术中的应用研究[D].江苏理工大学硕士论文,1999.
[34]闻建龙,王军锋,等.荷电改善燃油雾化的试验研究[J].中国公路学报,2002,15(3):37-41.
[35]35鲍重光,静电技术原理[M],北京理工大学出版社,北京,1993
[36]郑加强,静电喷雾雾滴荷质比测定研究综述[J],江苏工学院学报,1992,13(1),1-6。
[37]Shuji Matsusaka,Bipolar charge distribution of a mixture of particles with different electrostatic characteristics in gas-solids pipe flow[J],Powder Technology,150-155,2003
[38]M.K.Mazumder,R.E Ware,Measurement of particles size and electrostatic charge distributions on toners using E-SPART analyzer[J],IEEE Trans,Ind,Appl.27(1991) 611-619
[39]Masaharu,A study on the static electrification of powders during pneumatic transportation and the ignition of dust cloud[J],POWDER TECHNOLOGY,2003,234-242
[40]沈熊,激光多普勒测速技术及应用[M],清华大学出版社,北京,2004
[41]范洁川,近代流动显示技术[M],北京,国防工业出版社,2002
[42]刘大有.两相流体动力学[M].工程力学丛书,北京:高等教育出版社,1993.
[43]黄社华.固液两相运动理论及水力机械泥沙磨损的研究[D].武汉:博士学位论文,华中理工大学博士学位论文,1995.
[44]林为干.电磁场理论[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,1984.
[45]郭烈锦,两相与多相流动力学[M],西安交通大学出版社,2002
[46]Basset,A.B,Hydrodynamics,vol.2,Dover[M],New York,285-292,1961
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