北京市都市农业的可持续性分析与评价
|
摘要
都市农业必须可持续,生态农业应成为都市农业的发展方向,这已逐渐成为人们的共识。但都市农业要实现可持续发展,在发展策略、资源利用、主导产业和评价指标体系等方面尚待加强研究。本研究针对此以北京郊区为例展开。
都市农业最主要的特征之一是集约化程度特别高,尤其是投入的集约化,因投入不当往往对资源造成严重的污染。在水资源方面:北京都市农业用水比例较高,且以地下水为主,农业活动已经造成部分地区的地下水漏斗和严重的水污染。北京市2003年生产的农产品含有虚拟水87.79亿m~3,其中动物性产品占比例超过71%;要达到小康标准,北京尚缺虚拟水227.4亿m~3。在土地资源方面:近年来农用地大幅度减少,化肥用量的增加虽然使土壤肥力和产量得到提高,但同时也造成严重的污染;大田0-20cm土壤剖面和20-50cm的全氮含量之间的相关系数达到了0.9703;北京市2003年对生态足迹的需求是2.30507,而北京当前的生态承载力仅是0.26715。对可持续性发展形成威胁。
由于其特殊的区位条件,都市农业的主导产业与一般农区有很大不同,不能主观想当然地确定。前些年,北京以园艺业和畜牧业作为都市农业的支柱产业,具有一定的盲目性。主要是没有考虑到它们对水资源的高度集约利用,尤其是没有考虑到它们可能造成的严重的面源污染。
对顺义区和密云县进行了案例研究。顺义区是北京近郊农业强区的代表,NUTMON模型的分析表明,当前顺义几乎所有的土地利用类型都是养分聚集型。密云县则是环保和经济发展存在矛盾的农业弱县的代表,由于畜牧业的超常发展和畜禽粪便未妥善处理等原因,也存在严重的污染,2003年畜禽养殖剩余氮素2891吨、磷素384吨;提出了“生态资产”的概念,并计算当前密云的生态资产总价值是107.41亿元;绿色GDP的分析则表明,2001-2003年密云经济发展所造成的环境耗减和恶化已占到GDP的0.01%-1.78%。
在对都市农业功能探讨的基础上,提出了未来北京市都市农业的发展方向是生态农业,并且应是一种新的形式——“质能型”生态农业,即循环利用农业物质、最大化充分利用农业能量。在比较优势等理论的探讨下,确定了北京生态农业的主导产业为:以高档有机型的蔬菜、水果等园艺业和牛、羊等草食性畜禽养殖业的产品生产、加工、物流和服务等组成的产业集群及生物质能源利用。并设计了一种未来生态农业的具体形式——“牵手农业”,包括宠物农业、游戏农业、漂流农业、虚拟农业等十种不同的形式。
都市农业的可持续发展需要不断加强对它的监测和评价。本研究构建了一种全新的都市农业可持续性评价指标体系,包括生态健康、经济活力和社会可接受性三个子层次共13个指标,提出了完整的算法体系和分析方法。同时还构建了一种新的衡量社会总体可持续发展状况的指标体系—秩指标体系框架。
Urban Agriculture (UA) must be Sustainable, and Ecological Agriculture (EA) should be become the development direction of UA, which is the common understanding now. UA should strengthen study on direction, resource utilization, leading industry, and evaluation indicators system. On those things this article starts.The main characteristic of UA is its high intensive on input, so it has produced serious pollution to environment. In water use: the ratio for agriculture of Beijing UA was high, mostly of ground water, resulted in underground tundishes and water pollution. The virtual water contained in the agricultural products in 2003 of Beijing was 8.779 billion m3, mostly of creatural products; There would be 227.4 billion m3 virtual water to reach the well-to-do standard. On land resource: Nowadays, with the decreasing of agricultural land, the dosage of fertilizers is increasing, the fertility and yields are improved together with the pollution. The correlation coefficient of total N between 0-20cm and 20-50 on soil section has reached 0.9703. The demand for ecological footprint of Beijing in 2003 was 2.30507, but the ecological carrying capacity only reached 0.26715. Those things have threatened the sustainable development.Owing to its special position, the leading industry of UA is different from general agriculture, and so can not be made at will. It was blindness of Beijing to make vegetable & stockbreeding as the UA support industries without any consideration of the water using and the possible serious non-point pollution especially.About the case study, Shunyi district is the representation of developed agriculture region in Beijing suburb. The nutrition of almost all the land using types is assembling now using the model NUTMON. Miyun district is the lagging representation whose economic development has conflicts with environment protection. The unwanted nitrogen in the year 2003 was 2891 t and redundant phosphorus was 384 t. The definition of Ecological Capital (EC) was given. The total value of EC of Miyun (forestry, water and air were concluded) now is 10.741 billion RMB yuan. In the analysis of Green GDP of Miyun district, the decreasing and deterioration of environment from 2001 to 2003 accounted for 0.01%-1.78% of GDP.On the research of UA's function, the approach to develop EA was brought forward for Beijing UA, but one new form - SEEA-the Ecological Agriculture to use agricultural Substances circularly (including agricultural trash), to use Energy contained in the agricultural substances fully. On the theory of comparative and competitive advantage, the leading industry of Beijing EA was made, i.e. the industry collection on agricultural products production, processing, transport and service of organic horticulture (vegetable, fruits, flower) and stockbreeding (sheep, dairy, poultry, cattle and other stockbreeding) with top grade and Biomass Utilization. And a new form of SEEA named "hand-in-hand agriculture" was advanced by the author, which involves ten different forms, i.e., pet agriculture, game agriculture, drift agriculture, and virtual agriculture, and so on.The sustainable development of UA should need inspection and evaluation. A new UA Sustainability Indicators System was constructed, including 13 indicators on ecosystem undegradable, economically viable, and socially acceptable, the exponential function was engaged to resolve the subjective prefer in establishment of indicator weight, and the total calculation and analysis method were also proposed. And another new indicators system-IESIS (Inf-Exergy Sustainability Indicators System Framework) -to inspect the status of the sustainability of social development was also designed.
都市农业最主要的特征之一是集约化程度特别高,尤其是投入的集约化,因投入不当往往对资源造成严重的污染。在水资源方面:北京都市农业用水比例较高,且以地下水为主,农业活动已经造成部分地区的地下水漏斗和严重的水污染。北京市2003年生产的农产品含有虚拟水87.79亿m~3,其中动物性产品占比例超过71%;要达到小康标准,北京尚缺虚拟水227.4亿m~3。在土地资源方面:近年来农用地大幅度减少,化肥用量的增加虽然使土壤肥力和产量得到提高,但同时也造成严重的污染;大田0-20cm土壤剖面和20-50cm的全氮含量之间的相关系数达到了0.9703;北京市2003年对生态足迹的需求是2.30507,而北京当前的生态承载力仅是0.26715。对可持续性发展形成威胁。
由于其特殊的区位条件,都市农业的主导产业与一般农区有很大不同,不能主观想当然地确定。前些年,北京以园艺业和畜牧业作为都市农业的支柱产业,具有一定的盲目性。主要是没有考虑到它们对水资源的高度集约利用,尤其是没有考虑到它们可能造成的严重的面源污染。
对顺义区和密云县进行了案例研究。顺义区是北京近郊农业强区的代表,NUTMON模型的分析表明,当前顺义几乎所有的土地利用类型都是养分聚集型。密云县则是环保和经济发展存在矛盾的农业弱县的代表,由于畜牧业的超常发展和畜禽粪便未妥善处理等原因,也存在严重的污染,2003年畜禽养殖剩余氮素2891吨、磷素384吨;提出了“生态资产”的概念,并计算当前密云的生态资产总价值是107.41亿元;绿色GDP的分析则表明,2001-2003年密云经济发展所造成的环境耗减和恶化已占到GDP的0.01%-1.78%。
在对都市农业功能探讨的基础上,提出了未来北京市都市农业的发展方向是生态农业,并且应是一种新的形式——“质能型”生态农业,即循环利用农业物质、最大化充分利用农业能量。在比较优势等理论的探讨下,确定了北京生态农业的主导产业为:以高档有机型的蔬菜、水果等园艺业和牛、羊等草食性畜禽养殖业的产品生产、加工、物流和服务等组成的产业集群及生物质能源利用。并设计了一种未来生态农业的具体形式——“牵手农业”,包括宠物农业、游戏农业、漂流农业、虚拟农业等十种不同的形式。
都市农业的可持续发展需要不断加强对它的监测和评价。本研究构建了一种全新的都市农业可持续性评价指标体系,包括生态健康、经济活力和社会可接受性三个子层次共13个指标,提出了完整的算法体系和分析方法。同时还构建了一种新的衡量社会总体可持续发展状况的指标体系—秩指标体系框架。
Urban Agriculture (UA) must be Sustainable, and Ecological Agriculture (EA) should be become the development direction of UA, which is the common understanding now. UA should strengthen study on direction, resource utilization, leading industry, and evaluation indicators system. On those things this article starts.The main characteristic of UA is its high intensive on input, so it has produced serious pollution to environment. In water use: the ratio for agriculture of Beijing UA was high, mostly of ground water, resulted in underground tundishes and water pollution. The virtual water contained in the agricultural products in 2003 of Beijing was 8.779 billion m3, mostly of creatural products; There would be 227.4 billion m3 virtual water to reach the well-to-do standard. On land resource: Nowadays, with the decreasing of agricultural land, the dosage of fertilizers is increasing, the fertility and yields are improved together with the pollution. The correlation coefficient of total N between 0-20cm and 20-50 on soil section has reached 0.9703. The demand for ecological footprint of Beijing in 2003 was 2.30507, but the ecological carrying capacity only reached 0.26715. Those things have threatened the sustainable development.Owing to its special position, the leading industry of UA is different from general agriculture, and so can not be made at will. It was blindness of Beijing to make vegetable & stockbreeding as the UA support industries without any consideration of the water using and the possible serious non-point pollution especially.About the case study, Shunyi district is the representation of developed agriculture region in Beijing suburb. The nutrition of almost all the land using types is assembling now using the model NUTMON. Miyun district is the lagging representation whose economic development has conflicts with environment protection. The unwanted nitrogen in the year 2003 was 2891 t and redundant phosphorus was 384 t. The definition of Ecological Capital (EC) was given. The total value of EC of Miyun (forestry, water and air were concluded) now is 10.741 billion RMB yuan. In the analysis of Green GDP of Miyun district, the decreasing and deterioration of environment from 2001 to 2003 accounted for 0.01%-1.78% of GDP.On the research of UA's function, the approach to develop EA was brought forward for Beijing UA, but one new form - SEEA-the Ecological Agriculture to use agricultural Substances circularly (including agricultural trash), to use Energy contained in the agricultural substances fully. On the theory of comparative and competitive advantage, the leading industry of Beijing EA was made, i.e. the industry collection on agricultural products production, processing, transport and service of organic horticulture (vegetable, fruits, flower) and stockbreeding (sheep, dairy, poultry, cattle and other stockbreeding) with top grade and Biomass Utilization. And a new form of SEEA named "hand-in-hand agriculture" was advanced by the author, which involves ten different forms, i.e., pet agriculture, game agriculture, drift agriculture, and virtual agriculture, and so on.The sustainable development of UA should need inspection and evaluation. A new UA Sustainability Indicators System was constructed, including 13 indicators on ecosystem undegradable, economically viable, and socially acceptable, the exponential function was engaged to resolve the subjective prefer in establishment of indicator weight, and the total calculation and analysis method were also proposed. And another new indicators system-IESIS (Inf-Exergy Sustainability Indicators System Framework) -to inspect the status of the sustainability of social development was also designed.
引文
[1] 《中国农业全书·北京卷》编辑委员会.中国农业全书/北京卷.北京:中国农业出版社,1999.
[2] 白永平.武威绿洲生态环境的综合评价和管理策略.地理科学,2000,20(3):251-258.
[3] 北京农村年鉴编委会.北京农村年鉴.北京:中国农业出版社,2000-2003.
[4] 北京市地方志编纂委员会.北京年鉴.北京:北京年鉴社,1998-2001.
[5] 北京市计划委员会郊区处,北京市农林科学研究综合所.北京市农业现代化现状评价及发展重点.2000年4月.
[6] 北京市农村经济研究中心.北京农村研究报告,北京市农村职业教育发展研究课题组.北京市农村教育发展研究.2001年.
[7] 北京市农村经济研究中心.调研参考资料汇编 199-2000.2001年5月.
[8] 北京市农林科学院农业综合发展研究所.北京市农业节水、用水结构调整与用水生态问题研究.2001,12月.
[9] 北京市农业资源与产业调查小组.221行动计划调研报告之二—北京农业资源与产业调查报告.2003.9.
[10] 北京市商务局贸发处.2003年北京辖区农产品出口情况.http://www.bjfetc.gov.cn.2004.03.03.
[11] 北京市水利局.北京市水资源公报 1986-2001.2003.
[12] 北京市顺义区统计局.顺义区国民经济统计资料汇编,1996—2001年.
[13] 北京市统计局.2003年国民经济和社会发展统计公报.http://www.bjstats.gov.cn/tjyl/tjgb/index.htm.
[14] 北京市政府.《21世纪初期首都水资源可持续利用规划》.2000年9月.
[15] 北京在做全国最贵的农业试验.北京农业科学,2001,5:24.
[16] 毕维铭,付桦.北京山区人口容量与迁移对策研究.北京规划建设.2000,4:42-45.
[17] 蔡博峰,秦大唐.生态系统稳定性研究中能量理论的应用.环境科学,2004.25(5):10-14.
[18] 蔡意中.上海现代都市农业可持续发展问题研究.博士学位论文,南京农业大学,2000.
[19] 蔡运龙,Barry Smit.持续农业及其中国态势.地理学报,1995,50(2):97-106.
[20] 曹利军.可持续发着的理论和方法.北京:科学出版社,1999.
[21] 曹林奎.都市农业导论.上海:上海科学技术出版社.1999.
[22] 陈百明,中国农业资源综合生产能力与人口承载能力,北京:气象出版社,2001,
[23] 陈国良,张振助.未来50年中国教育与人力资源开发的战略构想.教育发展研究.2003,5:29-41.
[24] 陈建国.激励循环与组织内在竞争力研究.湖南社会科学,2003,5:108-110.
[25] 陈梦熊,马凤山.中国地下水资源与环境.北京:地震出版社.2002.68页.
[26] 陈培钧,吕晓俭,谢振华北京地下水资源与首都持续发展.北京地质,1999,4:1-6.
[27] 陈清硕.农业技术生态:通向农业可持续发展的桥梁.南京农专学报,1999,15(3):46-50.
[28] 陈述芬,冯振翼.加入WTO后的我国农民增收问题探讨.经济师.2003,1:177-178.
[29] 陈锡文.全面建设小康社会的关键是统筹城乡发展.中国党政干部论坛.2003,1:12-14.
[30] 陈孝新.几个综合评价方法的案例研究.江西财经大学学报,2004,3:20—23.
[31] 陈永灿,张宝旭,李玉梁.密云水库富营养化分析与预测,水利学报,1998,7:12—15.
[32] 陈勇.浅谈比较优势理论在中国的应用困境.财经问题研究,2004,8:25—29.
[33] 陈佑启,唐华俊,陶陶.我国可持续农业评价指标体系建设的有关问题.中国软科学,2001,1:102-106.
[34] 陈佑启,陶陶.论可持续农业的评价指标.农业现代化研究,2000,21(5):271-275.
[35] 程序.中国应当依靠科技教育促进出口农业的大发展.科技导报.2004,4:3-6.
[36] 程序.一个必须正视的重大误区一为“创新”和“企业家”正名的必要性和重要性.科技导报,2002,5:38-40.
[37] 程序.再论可持续思想的发展及其与中国生态农业的关系.中国生态农业学报.2002,10(4):1-5.
[38] 程序.中国可持续的现代化农业探讨.农业现代化研究.2002,23(1):1-4.
[39] 程序.中国应当依靠科技教育促进出口农业的大发展.科技导报.2004,5:3-6.
[40] 程智强,程序.农业现代化指标体系的设计.农业技术经济.2003,2:1-4.
[41] 程智强.上海农业可持续发展指标体系及其评价.农业技术经济,1999,1:39-43.
[42] 褚保金,游小建,卢朝晖.应用面向对象分析思想构建农业可持续发展评价指标体系.农业经济问题,1999,11:18-22.
[43] 地质矿产部水文地质工程地质司.中国典型地区地下水资源评价·调蓄·管理.水文地质工程地质选辑24,北京:地质出版社.1989.
[44] 董得茂.北京地质资源与首都经济北京地质,1998,4:4-8.
[45] 董克虞.畜禽粪便对环境的污染及资源化途径.农业环境保护.1998,17(6):281-283.
[46] 董悦安,沈照理,钟佐.菜田施肥(化肥)对地下水氮污染影响的实验研究.地球科学-中国地质大学学报.1999,24(1):101-104.
[47] 董悦安,沈照理,钟佐.农田区地下水氮污染和氮转化的实验研究.北京师范大学学报(自然科学版).2001,37(2):199-204.
[48] 杜桂森,孟繁艳,李学东等.密云水库水质现状及发展趋势.环境科学,1999,3:110-112.
[49] 杜桂森,王建厅,,张为华.北京城市河湖的营养状态分析.北京水利,2002,6:25-28.
[50] 杜卫东.WTO与中国农业标准化.中国标准化.2003,2:29-30.
[51] 段增强,P. H. Verburg,张风荣等.土地利用动态模拟模型的构建及其应用—以北京市海淀区为例.地理学报,2004,59(6):1037-1047.
[52] 范大路.生态农业投资项目外部效益评估研究—一个一般理论框架及其案例分析.西南农业大学博士生论文,1999.
[53] 方世建,付文林.我国居民储蓄与GDP增长相关性分析.预测.2001,5:29-32.
[54] 方志权.日本都市农业研究(上).外国经济与管理,1997,7:45—48.
[55] 傅伯杰,陈利顶,王军等.黄土丘陵沟壑区土地利用结构与生态过程.北京:商务印书馆.2002年.
[56] 傅重林,徐梦洁,周生路.上海都市农业及其可持续发展研究,土壤,2000,3:140—145.
[57] 高书国、王文源、徐娅.加快教育改革与发展,促进实施北京可持续发展战略.北京教育.1997,9:9-11.
[58] 高旺盛,隋鹏,陈源泉.北京市现代集约农业可持续性分析与战略选择.中国农业资源与区划.2001,22(6):27—30.
[59] 关于提高京郊农民素质的途径及措施课题组.提高京郊农民素质的途径及措施研究.北京农业职业学院学报.2002,16(3):47—48.
[60] 郭根山.比较优势理论不能作为中国工业化战略选择与评价的依据.经济师,2002,5:29—30.
[61] 郭显光.改进熵值法在经济评价中的应用.系统工程理论与实践,1998,12:98-102.
[62] 国际计委投资研究所,中国人民大学区域所.我国地区比较优势研究,管理世界,2001,2:45-55.
[63] 国家统计局,北京市统计公报,2000-2002.http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjgb/index.htm.
[64] 海热提·涂尔逊,杨志峰.北京的环境问题与城市可持续发展对策.城市问题,1998,6:19-22.
[65] 郝福庆.我国人口安全问题及应对策略.宏观经济管理,2004,6:24—26.
[66] 何秀荣.学者新论:发展农业对我国农民增收究竟有多大作用?-历史角度的观察和思考.光明日 报,2003-11-25.
[67] 荷兰中央统计局,荷兰农业经济研究所.事实与数字 1995.荷兰,海牙:荷兰农业、渔业及自然管理部,1995.
[68] 胡必亮.城镇化道路适合中国.南方周末.2003.8.7,14版.
[69] 黄进勇.中国生态农业模式管理信息及决策支持系统的建立.浙江大学博士后学位论文,2001.
[70] 黄满湘,章申,张国梁.北京地区冬小麦/夏王米连作条件下NO_3N淋失.地理研究,2002,21(4):427-433.
[71] 黄满湘,周成虎,章申等.北京官厅水库流域农田地表径流生物可利用磷流失规律.湖泊科学,2003,15(2):118-123.
[72] 黄兴文,陈百明.中国生态资产区划的理论与应用,生态学报,1999,19(5):602-606.
[73] 霍有光.西调渤海水改造北方沙漠与遏制北京沙尘暴.世界科技研究与发展,2003,24(2):44-52.
[74] 贾良良,陈新平,张福锁等.北京市冬小麦氮肥适宜用量评价方法的研究.中国农业大学学报,2001,6(3):67-73.
[75] 贾若祥,刘毅.中国区域可持续发展现状及分类.地理研究,2003,22(5):599—617.
[76] 姜建军,候春堂主编.中国农业地学研究与进展.中国大地出版社,2003.
[77] 姜文来.水资源价值论(博士论文).北京师范大学环境科学研究所.1999.
[78] 蒋和平,黄仁,薛桂霞等.北京市现代化农业可持续发展的基本思路与布局.农业现代化研究.1999,20(6):329-333.
[79] 蒋林树,范学珊,方洛云等.北京市秸秆资源调查及应用前景.北京农学院学报,2003,18(1):33-35.
[80] 蒋乃华,尹坚.中国畜产品生产效率、消费行为与贸易前景.中国农业经济评论.2003,1(2):137-167.
[81] 蒋乃华.京郊农民家庭经营收入变动:微观基础与政策含义.首都经济杂志.2001,11:21—24.
[82] 蒋永穆,安雅娜.WTO框架下我国农业发展战略的新构建.经济体制改革.2003,1:138-141.
[83] 靳乐山.生态农业研究的方法论探讨.农业现代化研究,1997,18(1):43—46.
[84] 雷社平,解建仓,黄明聪等.区域产业用水系统的协调度分析.水利学报,2004,5:14-19.
[85] 李迪强,孙成永,张新时.中国潜在植被生产力的分布与模拟,植物学报,1998,40(6):560-566.
[86] 李国平,张云.附加环境因素:传统比较优势理论的扩展.中国人口.资源与环境,2003,14(4):6-10.
[87] 李海涛,廖迎春.江西省生态.经济系统的能值分析.江西农业大学学报,2003,25(1):92-98.
[88] 李剑富,魏毅.政府、农民行为与推进县域生态农业建设.商业研究,2004,23(307):176-178.
[89] 李全胜,叶旭君.农业生态系统可持续发展趋势度的评价方法研究.生态学报.2001.21(5):695-700.
[90] 李绍华.世界果树生产状况及提高找国果品市场竞争力对策.中国农业大学学报,2003,8(1):7-13.
[91] 李树.中国生态农业产业化发展问题研究.西南农业大学博士论文,1998.
[92] 李双成,蔡运龙.基于能值分析的上地可持续利用态势研究.经济地理.2002.22(3):346-350.
[93] 李双成,郑度,张镱锂.环境与生态系统资本价值评估的区域范式.地理科学,2002,22(3):270-275.
[94] 李文华.生态农业—中国可持续农业的理论与实践北京:化学工业出版社.
[95] 李兴稼,刘印春.北京郊区农村劳动力利用结构研究.北京农学院学报.1998,13(2):61-73.
[96] 李莹,白墨,张巍等.改善北京市大气环境质量中居民支忖意愿的影响因素分析.中国人口.资源与环境,2002,12(6):123-126.
[97] 李钟魁,周冰冰.北京市森林资源价值初报,林业经济,2001,2:36—42.
[98] 厉为民.荷兰的农业奇迹—一个中国经济学家眼中的荷兰农业.北京:中国农业科学技术出版社,2003.
[99] 联合国开发计划署驻华代表处.中国人类发展报告2002/绿色发展必选之路.北京:中国财政经济出版社,2002.
[100] 廖浪涛,丁胜,吴水荣.密云水库水源涵养林生态效益的评价与补偿,林业建设,2000,6:19-22.
[101] 廖明球,国民经济核算中绿色GDP测算探讨,统计研究,2000,6:17-21.
[102] 林毅夫,李永军.比较优势、竞争优势与发展中国家的经济发展.管理世界,2003,7:56-66.
[103] 林毅夫.解决农村贫困问题需要有新的战略思路—评世界银行新的“惠及贫困人日的农村发展战略”.北京大学学报(哲学社会版).2002,39(5):5-8.
[104] 林昭远,陈键鑫,颜正平.集水区农业非点源污染之评估及控制对策.水土保持研究,2001,8(1):7-9.
[105] 刘宝存,孙明德,吴静.北京郊区粮田土壤养分与施肥.北京农业科学,1999,17(6):30-34.
[106] 刘风琴,顾培亮.ASD系统评价的动态研究.系统工程,1999,17(3):31—35.
[107] 刘光栋,吴文良,刘仲兰等.华北农业高产粮区地下水面源污染特征及环境影响研究—以山东省桓台县为例.中国生态农业学报,2005,13(2):125—129.
[108] 刘桂莲,张明庆.近百年EINino/LaNina事件与北京气候相关性分析.气象,2002,27(2):3-6.
[109] 刘宏斌,李志宏,张维理等.露地栽培条件下大白菜氮肥利用率与硝态氮淋溶损失研究.植物营养与肥料学报,2004,10(3):286-291.
[110] 刘宏斌,李志宏,张云贵等,北京市农田土壤硝态氮的分布与累计特征,中国农业科学,2004,37(5):692—698.
[111] 刘家祥、蔡巧生等.北京西郊地下水库研究,中华人民共和国矿产部地质专报六,水文地质工程地质第5号.北京:地质出版社,1988.
[112] 刘如海.北京上海城市经济竞争力比较.城市问题.2000,4:29-32.
[113] 刘瑞涵,王红英,任玉玲.北京市粮食产业和蔬菜产业经济效益比较分析.北京农学院学报,1999,14(1):24—28.
[114] 刘少伯,石有龙,葛翔等.半年来养猪业与蛋鸡业的市场分析与展望.中国畜牧杂志,2005,41(4):3-8,63.
[115] 刘树.北京郊区农民专业合作经济组织发展特点及成效.农村合作经济经营管理.AL2002,7:34-35.
[116] 刘霞,杜桂森,张会等.密云水库的浮游植物及水体营养程度.环境科学研究,2003,16,1:27-29.
[117] 刘晓端,葛晓立,杜桂森等.密云水库内湖富营养化现状分析.湖泊科学,2002,14(4):33 1-336.
[118] 刘雪,傅泽田,常虹.我国蔬菜出日的显示性对称比较优势分析.农业现代化研究,2002,23(5):369—373.
[119] 刘毅,周明煜.北京沙尘质量浓度与气象条件关系研究及应用.气候与环境研究.1998,3(2):142-146.
[120] 刘中丽,欧阳宗继.气候变化对北京水资源的影响.北京农业科学,1999,17(5):42-45.
[121] 楼文高,刘遂庆.神经网络在区域水资源可持续性发展水平评价中的应用.农业系统科学与综合研究,2004,20(2):113—119.
[122] 卢兵友、徐玉新、王如松.拜泉生态农业建设的生态资产响应,生态学报,2002,22(12):2260-2263.
[123] 卢剑波.农业生态系统的持续性及其评价指标.生态学杂志,2000,19(2):56—58.
[124] 卢志光,孙京都,卢丽.北京旱情与对策.北京:气象出版社.2002.
[125] 陆宏芳,蓝盛芳,陈飞鹏,彭少麟.农业生态系统能量分析.应用生态学报,2004,15(1):159-162.
[126] 陆宏芳,蓝盛芳,李雷.系统可持续发展的能值评价指标.中国环境科学,2002,22(4):380-384.
[127] 路明.现代生态农业.中国农业出版社,2002.
[128] 吕鸣伦,刘卫国.地区可持续发展理论研究.地理研究,1998.17(2):131-137.
[129] 马光霞.2004年上半年中国农产品进出口贸易分析.世界农业,2004,9:23—25.
[130] 毛汉英,山东省可持续发展指标体系研究.地理研究,1996,15(4):16—23.
[131] 毛振宾.北京市农业产业化经营情况报告.农业产业化,2003,4:17-19.
[132] 聂玉藻.接轨国际准则参与市场竞争.京郊日报.2002,3月4日.
[133] 潘学标.荷兰作物模型的发展与应用.http://www.nercita.org.cn/xinguo/kjlt/gwny/gwny.htm.2003,12.
[134] 彭涛,高旺盛,隋鹏.农田生态系统健康评价指标体系的探讨.中国农业大学学报,2004,9(1):21-25.
[135] 齐永华,张风荣,林秀梅等.大城市郊区农业资源利用面临的困境与出路—以北京市平谷区为例.生态经济,2004,11:63-67,70.
[136] 钱云平.地下水系统中污染物的行为特征.地下水.1997,19(1):31-34.
[137] 乔家君,许叔明,地区可持续发展的比较方法评价.地域研究与开发,2003,22(4):9-12.
[138] 乔家君.改进熵值法在河南可持续性评价中的应用.资源科学,2004,26(1):113-119.
[139] 秦长学.开发北京“云水”资源.中国减灾杂志,2002.1:39-41.
[140] 秦富,王秀清和辛贤.国外农业支持政策研究.北京:中国农业出版社,2003.
[141] 全国生态农业示范县建设专家组编.发展中的中国生态农业.北京:中国农业科技出版社,2001.
[142] 沈淑霞.我国财政农业支持及其效率研究.中国农业大学博士论文,2004.
[143] 帅传敏,程国强,张金隆.中国农产品国际竞争力的估计.管理世界,2003,1:97—104.
[144] 宋国君.可持续发展的原则、分析和政策.北京:经济科学出版社,2002.
[145] 宋金平.北京都市农业发展探讨.农业现代化研究,2002,23(3):199-203.
[146] 宋乃平.农牧交错带农牧户土地利用选择机制及其环境效应.中国农业大学博士论文,2004.
[147] 宋秀杰.北京郊区农业种植结构调整与发展节水农业.北京农业科学,2001,4:6-9.
[148] 苏筠,成升魁,谢高地.大城市居民生活消费的生态占用初探—对北京、上海的案例研究.资源科学,2001,23(6):24-28.
[149] 孙青,黄怀曾,何红寥等.北京官厅水库沉积物——水界面磷的分布和迁移特征.矿物岩石地球化学通报,2003,22(2):137-139.
[150] 孙振钧.京郊养殖业环境影响现状和发展对策(交流资料).2003,9.
[151] 唐华骏,陈佑启,伊·范·朗斯特.中国土地资源可持续利用的理论与实践.北京:中国农业科技出版社.2000,83-96页.
[152] 仝川.不可更新资源利用比例的指标研究.自然资源学报,2000,15(2):123-127.
[153] 汪慧贞,李宪法北京域区雨水径流的污染及控制.城市环境与城市生态,2002,15(2):16-18.
[154] 汪树俊,蔡意中,泽田进一.上海市—大阪府都市农业发展研讨会论文集.上海:上海科学技术文献出版社,1997.
[155] 王爱玲,文化,钱友山.影响京郊农民收入因素的灰色关联分析.农业技术经济.2004,4:19-23.
[156] 王德发,综合环境与经济核算体系,财经研究,2004,30(5):104-113.
[157] 王冬海,李永贵,蒋文琼.北京山区小流域经济发展的影响因素分析——以石匣小流域为例.北京林业大学学报.2002,24(1):53-58.
[158] 王飞儿,陈英旭,田光明.可持续发展指标的分类和讨论.软科学,2002,16(5):58-61.
[159] 王芬,吴建军,卢剑波,韩明春,姜宁.区域农业生态系统可持续发展指标体系及其应用.自然资源学报,2003,18(4):453-458.
[160] 王革华.全面建设小康社会的农村能源问题及其发展战略.科技导报,2005,5:53-55.
[161] 王海燕.科技发展.可持续发展和指标体系.中国科技论坛,2000,2:42-45.
[162] 王红瑞,刘昌,毛广全等,水资源短缺对北京农业的不利影响分析与对策,自然资源学报,2004,19(2):160—169.
[163] 王健民、王如松主编.中国生态资产概论,2001,江苏科学技术出版社.
[164] 王金如,吴文桂.气象与北京城市的水.北京水利,1997,(3):55-57.
[165] 王军艳,张凤荣,王茹等.应用指数和法对潮土农田土壤肥力变化的评价研究.农村生态环境,2001,17(3):13—16,20.
[166] 王凯军,金冬霞.加强北京市规模化畜禽养殖场污染防治工作.城市管理与科技.2002,4(1):28-30.
[167] 王黎明,毛汉英.中国沿海地区可持续发展能力量化研究.地理研究.2000,19(2):156-164.
[168] 王民洲.密云水库40年福泽京城,北京水利,1999,6:44,48.
[169] 王舒曼,曲福田.江苏省自然资源核算及对GDP的修正—以水、大气资源为例,中国人口.资源与环境,2001,11(3):68-72.
[170] 王思明.从历史传统看中美生态农业的实践.生态经济,1996,2:24-27.
[171] 王松林,郝晋民.区域农业—农村可持续发展评价体系的建立与应用.中国农业大学学报,2001,6(5):49—55.
[172] 王晓燕,王晓峰,汪清平等.北京密云水库小流域非点源污染负荷估算.地理科学,2004,24(2):227-231.
[173] 王晓燕,王一峋,蔡新广.北京密云水库流域非点源污染现状研究.环境科学与技术.2002,25(4):1-4.
[174] 王新华.中部四省虚拟水贸易的初步研究.华南农业大学学报,2004,3(3):35-38.
[175] 王跃思,王长科,郭雪清等.北京大气CO2浓度日变化、季变化及长期趋势.科学通报,2002,47(14):1108-1112.
[176] 王跃思,王明星.北京大气甲烷季变化及发展趋势.大气科学,2000,24(2):157-164.
[177] 温铁军.打破农村经济领域中的垄断一关乎八亿农民的命运.中国改革.2001,8:6—9.
[178] 文化,钱友山.北京郊区农业现代化道路的新选择.技术密集型集约持续农业(一).北京农业科学,1997,15(4):41-44.
[179] 文化,钱友山.农业接口工程.北京:北京科学技术出版社.1996,23页.
[180] 闻大中.农业生态系统能量流和能源分析的研究进展.农村生态环境,1995,11(2):43-48.
[181] 翁鸣,陈劲松.中国农业竞争力研究北京:中国农业出版社.2003.
[182] 瓮克瑞,严奉宪.土地资源禀赋与我国农产品比较优势.农村经济,2004,6:11—13.
[183] 乌云格日勒,徐海鹏,马蔼乃等.北京地区中全新世以来特征时段环境变化对土壤水力侵蚀的影响.应用基础与工程科学学报,1997,5(2):146-154.
[184] 邬定荣.基于WOFOST模型的小麦水资源高效利用研究.中科院地理所硕士论文 2002.
[185] 吴建繁,黄得明,王运华.北京市农田和土壤肥力施肥情况调查.华北农学 报.2000,15:82-94.
[186] 吴佩林,鲁奇,王国霞.近20年来北京市耕地面积变化及其相关社会经济驱动因素分折.中国人口.资源与环境,2004,14(3):109-115.
[187] 吴正华,储锁龙,李海盛.北京相当暴雨日数的气候特征.大气科学,2000,24(1):58-66.
[188] 伍世良,邹桂昌,林健枝.论中国生态农业建设的五个基本问题.自然资源学报,2001,16(4):320—324.
[189] 谢书成.北京土地资源.北京市房屋土地管理局.1997年10月.
[190] 谢庄,曹鸿兴.北京最高和最低气温的非对称变化.气象学报,1996,54(4):501-507.
[191] 谢庄,崔继良,刘海涛等.华北和北京的酷暑天气 1.历史概况及个例份析.气候与环境研究,1999,4(4):323-333.
[192] 谢庄,李惠.北京地区气温诊断分析.大气科学,1994,18增卷:820-825.
[193] 谢庄,王桂田.北京地区气温和降雨百年变化规律的探讨.大气科学,1994,18(6):683-690.
[194] 徐保根.生态农业建设中的土地资源配置方法研究—以山西省隰县拭区为例.中国农业大学博士生论文,2001.
[195] 徐保根.生态农业产业化经营中的土地资源配置问题研究.浙江大学博士后论文,2003.
[196] 徐梦洁,赵其国.长江三角洲地区农业可持续发展评价及研究.土壤,2000,3:135—139.
[197] 徐中民,程国栋,樊胜岳.可持续发展系统属性细分理论.生态经济,20012:12-14.
[198] 许衡,李红继,绿色GDP统计中几个问题的再探讨,现代财经,2002,22(10):3-8.
[199] 许世卫,李志强.新时期中国食物安全发展战略研究.济南:山东科学技术出版社.2003.
[200] 许中民,龙爱华,张志强.虚拟水的理论方法及在甘肃省的应用.地理学报,2003,58(6):861-869.
[201] 薛亮.推进优势农产品区域布局,提高农业国际竞争力.农业经济问题,2003,1:34-36.
[202] 晏维金,章申,唐以剑.模拟降雨条件下沉积物对磷的富集机理.环境科学学报,2000,20(3):332-337.
[203] 杨宝良.论中国区域比较优势与产业地理集聚的非协整发展及成因.经济评论,2003,5:48-52.
[204] 杨灿.可持续发展会计研究.厦门大学学报,1998,3:22-27.
[205] 杨多贵,牛文元,陈劭锋,王海燕.中国区域可持续发展综合优势能力评价.科学管理研究,2000,18(5):70—72,78.
[206] 杨缅昆,环境退化:核算理论和方法,统计研究,2004,11:3—6.
[207] 杨贤为,叶殿秀,马大健等.北京地区冬、春季节大气稳定度演变特征.气象,2002,28(1):43-46.
[208] 杨志新,郑大玮,李永贵.北京市土壤侵蚀经济损失分析及价值估算.水土保持学报,2004,18(3):175-178.
[209] 叶彩华,郭文利.北京旱涝灾害对农业生产的影响及对策.北京农业科学,2000,18(1):24-27.
[210] 叶正波.可持续发展的理论和实践评价.北京:中国环境科学出版社,2002.
[211] 尹翔硕.比较优势、技术进步与收入分配—基于两个经典定理的分析.复旦学报,2002,6:50-55.
[212] 尹志刚,焦永刚,马小红等.北京城市贫困人口致贫原因分析.市场与人口分析.2002,8(4):36-44.
[213] 于莉,王雪松,张庆平,王孔泉.黑龙江省持续农业评价指标体系初探.农业系统科学与综合研究,2001.17(3):233—235.
[214] 于淑秋,林学椿,徐祥德.北京市区大气污染的时空特征.应用气象学报,2002,13特刊:92-99.
[215] 俞菊生.都市农业的理论与创新体系构筑.农业现代化研究,1999,20(4):207—210.
[216] 宇振荣.作物生长模拟模型研究和应用.生态学杂志.1994,13(1):69-73.
[217] 袁雯,Philip James,杨凯.中国社会可持续发展指标体系.上海崇明县案例研究.地理研究,2003,22(4):484-494.
[218] 岳超源,李浒.环境、资源与可持续发展的多目标评价.环境保护,1998,12:44-47.
[219] 曾凡刚.北京石景山古城地区大气中有机污染物定性定量研究.安徽大学学报(自然科学版),2002,26(2):97-102.
[220] 张诚一,邢宜楠.区域生态评价的权重研究.生态经济,2004,sl:137-140.
[221] 张德平,米红.中国可持续发展的特征及中等发达国家的聚类分析.数量经济技术经济研究,2003,7:88-92.
[222] 张凤荣,齐伟,薛永森,徐艳.持续土地利用管理评价方法的研究.中国农业大学学报,2002,7(1):40-46.
[223] 张甘霖.城市土壤的生态服务功能演变与城市生态环境保护.2005,23(3):16-19.
[224] 张海坤.北京市农村住户经营行为研究,北京市农业普查办公室.http://www.bjstats.gov.cn/gcfx/ktyg/200207040052.htm.2000-06-04.
[225] 张军,杨进怀.北京农业节水历程与展望.节水灌溉,2002,2:8-9.
[226] 张壬午,计文瑛,张彤等.农业和农村可持续发展指标体系建设.农业现代化研究,1994,15(1):24-27.
[227] 张水龙,庄季屏.农业非点源污染的流域单元划分方法.农业环境保护.2001,20(1):34-37.
[228] 张为华,武佃卫.官厅水系水质评价及对策建议.北京水利,1997,6:11-15.
[229] 张为华,姚太莲,房铁飞.浅谈北京市平原区地下水开发利用及保护.地下水,1998,20(2):50-52.
[230] 张维理,武淑霞,冀宏杰.中国农业面源污染形势估计及控制对策I.21世纪初期中国农业面源污染的形式估计.中国农业科学,2004,37(7):1008—1017.
[231] 张卫民.基于熵值法的农村可持续发展评价.厦门大学学报,2004,2:109-115.
[232] 张新民,孙新章,胡林等.北京地区常用草坪草的耗水规律及适宜灌溉量研究.农业工程学报,2004,20(6):77—80.
[233] 张学秀,张为华.北京市饮用水源地现状分析.北京水利,2002,1:23-25.
[234] 张忠根,应风其.农业可持续发展评估理论、方法与应用.北京:中国农业出版社,2003.
[235] 张宗枯,施德鸿.人类活动影响下华北平原地下水环境的演化与发展.地球学报,1997,18(4):337-344.
[236] 赵久然,郭强,郭景伦等.北京郊区粮田化肥投入和产量现状的调查分析.北京农业科学,1997,15(2):36-38.
[237] 赵兰香,林生.人力资本投资与比较优势升级.科学学研究,2004,22(3):267-272.
[238] 赵同谦,欧阳志云,郑华等.中国森林生态系统服务功能及其价值评价,自然资源学报,2004,19(7):480-489.
[239] 赵习方,孟燕军,王淑英.北京地区冬春季降水对人气污染物的影响.气象科技,2001,4:19-22.
[240] 赵跃龙,王革华,王海等.生态农业技术含量测定方法的研究.农业工程学报,1999,15(1):41-45.
[241] 赵忠海.北京顺义区地质环境的主要特征及治理措施.北京地质,2003,15(1):18-23.
[242] 甄峰,顾朝林,黄朝永.江苏省可持续发展能力研究.经济地理,2000,20(5):43—46.
[243] 郑大豪,刘亚力.北京市农用水资源可持续利用的经济研究.2001年3月.
[244] 郑建华.密云水库工程综合经济效益简述,北京水利,1999,6:43.
[245] 郑水红,王守荣,王有民.气候灾害对北京可持续发展的影响及对策.地理学报,2000,55增刊:119-127.
[246] 郑新奇,范纯增.农业土地资源可持续利用水平评估研究—以山东省为例.经济地理 2000,20(4):97—100.
[247] 中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所.中国北方沙尘暴现状及对策.Http://www.greenhome.net.cn/tujianwz/tj5_shchenbao.htm.2003.9.20.
[248] 中国科学院可持续发展战略研究组.中国可持续发展战略报告2004.北京:科学出版社,2004.
[249] 中国农业年鉴编辑委员会.中国农业年鉴.北京:中国农业出版社,2002-2004.
[250] 中国农业全书·北京卷编辑委员会.中国农业全书/北京卷.北京:中国农业出版社,1999.
[251] 中国社会科学院“社会形势分析与与预测”课题组.构建和谐社会科学发展观指导下的中国—2004～2005年中国社会形势分析与预测.管理世界,2005,1:17-25.
[252] 中华人民共和国科学技术部农村与社会发展司,中国21世纪议程管理中心.2003中国可持续发展科技报告.中国农业出版社,2004.
[253] 中华人民共和国农业部.中国农业统计资料.北京:中国农业出版社,2000-2004.
[254] 钟甫宁,邢鹏.我国种植业生产结构调整与比较优势变动的实证分析.农业现代化研究 2003,24(4):260—263.
[255] 钟永玲.农民专业合作经济组织在北京农业信息化中的作用.首都经济杂志.2003,11:21-23.
[256] 种玉麒,张为华.北京城区雨洪利用的研究.北京水利,1996,5:24-27.
[257] 周炳中,包浩生,杨浩等.PSR模型在区域土地可持续利用评价中的应用.自然资源学报,2002.17(5):541—548.
[258] 周端明.农业劳动力的异质性:乡城人口流动理论不应忽视的因素.安徽农业大学学报(社会科学版).2002,11(4):43-45.
[259] 周海林.可持续发展指标体系建设的方法论研究.中国环境科学,1999,19(4):360-364.
[260] 周海林.农业可持续发展状态评价指标(体系)框架及其分析.农村生态环境.1995,15(3):6-10,16.
[261] 周立三.中国农业地理.北京:科学出版社,2000.
[262] 朱济成,田应录.化学肥料与地下水污染.水文地质工程地质,1986,5:38-41.
[263] 朱明德,陈孟平,齐福全.都市型现代农业理论与实践北京:中国农业出版社,2003.
[264] 朱谐汉.北京人口特点及其对城市发展的影响.北京工业大学学报(社会科学版).2003,3(1):13-18.
[265] 邹胜章,张金炳,李洁等北京西南城近郊浅层地下水盐污染特征及机理分析.水文地质工程地质,2002,1:5-9.
[266] 左相国,黎志成.第三产业发展水平与人均GDP和农业人口比重之间的关系分析.统计与决策.2003,1:50-51.
[267] Aarts B G W, Nienhuis P H. Ecological sustainability and biodiversity. Int. J. Sustain. Dev. World Ecoi, 1999, 6: 89-102.
[268] Andrews S S, Karlen D L, Mitchell J P. A comparison of soil quality indexing methods for vegetable production systems in Northern Califomia. Agriculture. Ecosystems and Environment, 2002, 90: 25-45.
[269] Angel F. Herrera-ulloa, Anthony T. Charles, Salvador E. Noroeste, et al. A regional-scale sustainable development index: the case of baia California sur, Mexico. Int. J. sustain. Dev. World ecol., 2003,10:353-360.
[270] Atkinson A. Developing indicators of sustainable community: lessons from sustainable Seattle. Environ impact assess rev, 1996,16:337-350.
[271] Belcher K W, Boehm M M, Fulton M E. Agroecosystem sustainability: a system simulation model approach. Agriculture systems, 2004, 79:225-241.
[272] Bell S, Morse S. Sustainability indicators, measuring the immesurable? London: Earthscan Publications Ltd. 1999.
[273] Bellows B. SANREM research report No.1-95, proceedings of the indicators of sustainability conference and workshop. Arlington Virginia: Washington State University, 1994.
[274] Bindraban P S, Stoorvogel J J, Jansen D M, et al. Land quality indicators for sustainable land management: proposed method for yield gap and soil nutrient balance. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 2000,81:103-112.
[275] Bockstaller C, Girardin P, van der weft H M G. Use of agro-eological indicators for the evaluation of farming systems. European Journal of Agronomy, 1997, 7:261-270.
[276] Bossel H. Indicators for sustainable development: theory, method, applicatons. A report to the balaton group. Canada: International Institute for Sustainable Development. 1999.
[277] Bouma J, Droogers P. A procedure to derive land quality indicators for sustainable agricultural production.Geoderma, 1998,85:103-110.
[278] Bowman D C. The Effects of Turfgrass Root Architecture on Nitrate Leaching and Nitrogen Use Efficiency. http://turf.lib.msu.edu/ressuml/244.pdf.2003.11
[279] Bryld E. Potential, problems, and policy implications for urban agriculture in developing counties. Agriculture and human values. 2003,20:79-86.
[280] Buchs W, Harenberg A, Zimmermann J. Biodiversity, the ultimate agri-environmental indicator? Potential and limits for the application of faunistic elements as gradual indicators in agroecosystems. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 2003,98:99-123.
[281] Byerlee D, Murgai R. Sense and sustainability revisited: the limits of total factor productivity measures of sustainable agricultural systems. Agricultural Economics, 2001, 26: 227-236.
[282] Carberry P S, Hochman Z, McCown R L. The FARMSCAPE approach to decision support: farmers', advisers', researchers' monitoring, simulation, communication and performance evaluation. Agricultural Systems, 2002,74:"141-177.
[283] Castillo G E. Livelihoods and the city: an overview of the emergence of agriculture in urban spaces. Progress in development studies. 2003,3(4):339-344.
[284] Cheng X. Innovative approach to utilizing agro-organic wastes and Chinese ecological agriculture. 农业工程学报,2002,18(5):1-6.
[285] Chilton S F J,Moench M,Schiffler F C M.世界银行技术文件第463号,农村发展中的地下水问题—正视供水和资源可持续性方面的挑战.北京:中国财政经济出版社,2001.
[286] China Sustainable development indicators system research group. Ref. erence on Sustainable development indicators system. 1997.
[287] Cornfonh S. Selecting indicators for aSSOSSing sustainable land management. Journal of Environmental Management, 1999, 56:173—179.
[288] Costanza R, Arge R, Groot R, et al. the Value of the worId's ecosystem services and natural capital. Nature, 1997,387: 253-260.
[289] Dalsgaard J P T, Lightfoot C, Christensen V. Towards quantification of ecological sustainability in farmin systems analysis. Ecological Engineering, 1995, 4:181-189.
[290] de Walle F B, Sevenster J. Agriculture and the environment: minerals manure and measures. London: kluwer academic publishers. 1998.
[291] Department of Natural Resources Wisconsin Bureau of Watershed Management. Wisconsin Water Quality Report to Congress. http://www.dnr.state.wi.us/org/water/wm/watersummary/WQ.pdf.2000.
[292] Dillaha T A, Mostaghimi S, HeatwolelC D. Tillage Effects on Nutrient Loadings of Waterways. http://www.ag.auburn.edu/nsdl/sctcsa/Proceedings/1988/Diilaha.pdf.2003,10,20.
[293] Dore J. Developing indicators for sustainable agriculture, an introductory guide to sustainability, http://www.indiancommodity.com/ressustainreport.htm. 2003,5,19.
[294] Douw L, Post J. Growing strong, the development of the Dutch Agricultural Sector; Background and Prospects. the Netherlands, Hague: LEI, 2000.
[295] Douw L, Post J. Growing strong, the development of the Dutch Agricultural Sector; Background and Prospects. LEI, the Netherlands, 2000.
[296] Drechsel E P, Kunze D. Waste Composting for Urban and Peri-urban Agriculture:Closing the Rural-Urban Nutrient Cycle in Sub-Saharan Africa. UK, Wallingford, CABI Publishing,2001.
[297] Dumanski J, Teddy E, Byerlee D, et al. Performance indicators for sustainable agriculture(discussion note). Rural development sector of The world bank. 1998.
[298] Farrow A, Winograd M. Land use modeling at the regional scale: an input to rural sustainability indicators for Central America. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 2001, 85: 249-268.
[299] Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. The Den Bosch declaration and agenda for action on sustainable agriculture and rural.development report of the conference. 1991.
[300] Fuliu X. Exergy and structural exergy as ecological indicators for the development state of the lake Chaohu ecosystem. Ecological Modelling, 1997,99:41-49.
[301] Gareia S M, Staples D J, Chesson J. The FAO guidelines for the development and use of indicators for sustainable development of marine capture sheries and an Australian example of their application. Ocean & Coastal Management, 2000,43: 537-556.
[302] Garnett T. Farming the city. The Ecologist. 1996,26(6):299—308.
[303] Gerbens-Leenes P W, Moll H C, Uiterkamp A J M S. Design and development of a measuring method for environmental sustainability in food production systems. Ecological Economics, 2003, 46:231-248.
[304] Ghersa C M, Ferraro D O, Omacini M, M.A, et al. Farm and landscape level variables as indicators of sustainable land-use in the Argentine Inland-Pampa. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 2002, 93: 279-293.
[305] Giampietro M. Socioeconomic pressure, demographic pressure, environmental loading and technological changes in agriculture. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 1991,65: 201-29.
[306] Gong Mei, Wall G. On exergy and sustainable development-Part 2: Indicators and methods. Exergy Int. J., 2001, 1(4): 217-233.
[307] Gustavson K R, Lonergan S C, Ruitenbeek H J. Selection and modeling of sustainable development indicators: a case study of the Fraser River Basin, British Columbia. Ecological Economics, 1999, 28:117-132.
[308] Hansen J W, Jones J W. A systems framework for characterizing farm sustainability. Agricultural Systems, 1996, 51: 185-201.
[309] Hansen J W. Is agricultural sustainability a useful concept? Agricultural systems, 1996,50:117-143.
[310] Hartemink A E. Soil chemical and physical properties as indicators of sustainable land management under sugar cane in Papua New Guinea. Geoderma, 1998,85: 283-306.
[311] Harter T, Mathews M C, Meyer R D. Effects of Dairy Manure Nutrient Management on Shallow Groundwater Nitrate: A Case Study. http://groundwater.ucdavis.edu/Publications/Harter-201-ASAE2001%20UCCE%20Case%20Study%20paper.pdf.2001.
[312] Herrick J E. Soil quality: an indicator of sustainable land management? Applied Soil Ecology, 2000, 15:75-83.
[313] Hoanh CT, Roetter P R, Aggarwal P K, et al. LUPAS: An operational system for land scenario analysis. P.R. Roetter et al.(eds): system research for optimizing future land use in south and southeast Asia. SysNet research paper series No,2IRRI, los Banos, Philippines. 2000,39-53.
[314] Ke B S. Livestock Policy Discussion Paper No. 7: Perspectives and Strategies for the livestock Sector in China over the next three decades.Food and Agriculture Organization, Livestock Information and Policy Branch. AGAL, August 2002.
[315] Kruseman G, Ruben R, Kuyvenhoven A, et al. Analytical framework for disentangling the concept of sustainable land use. Agricultural System, 1996, 5:191-207.
[316] Kuyvenhoven, Bouma J, Van Keulen H, et al. Policy analysis for sustainable land use and food security. Agricultural systems, Elsevier science Ltd, London. 1998,58.
[317] Laborte A G, Nunez B, Dreiser C, et al.Sysnet toolsII: the MGLP user interface for interactive land use scenario analysis. international rice research institute, technical bulletin, 2001, No.8.
[318] Laborte A G, Roetter R, Hoanh C T. Sysnet tools: the Multiple goal linear programming model (MGLP) and maplink. international rice research institute, technical bulletin, 1999,No.6.
[319] Lan S F, Odum H T, Liu X M. Energy flow and emergy analysis of the agroecosystems of China. Ecologic Science, 1998, 17(1):32-39.
[320] Li H, Sun D F, Zhang F R, et al. Suitability Evaluation of Fruit Trees in beijing Western Mountain Areas Based on DEM and GIS, Transactions of the CSAE, 2002,18(5):250-255.
[321] Lintott J. Environmental accounting: useful to whom and for what? Ecological economics, 1996,16:179-190.
[322] Losada H, Benner R, Soriano R, et al. Arban agriculture in Mexico city: functions provided by the use of space for diary based livelihoods. cities, 2000, 17(6):419-431.
[323] Loveland P, Webb J. Is there a critical level of organic matter in the agricultural soils of temperate regions. Soil & Tillage Research, 2003, 70:1-18.
[324] Madaleno I. Research note: Urban agriculture in Belem, Brazil. Cities. 2000, 17(1):73-77.
[325] Mansson T. Eco cycles-the basis of sustainable urban development. Stockholm Environmental Adisory Council. 1992.
[326] Maxwell D G. Alternative food security strategy: a household analysis of urban agriculture in kampala. World Development. 1995,23(10): 1669-1681.
[327] Mbiba B. Urban agriculture in Zimbabwe; implications for urban management and poverty. Avebury, aldershot. 1995.
[328] Mckenzie D H, Hyatt D E, Mcdonald V J. Ecological indicators,(Vol, 1). London and New York: Elsevier applied science, 1992.
[329] Meyer J R, Campbell C L, Moser T J, Hess G R, et al. Indicators of the ecological status of agroecosystems. From: Daniel H. Mckenzie, D. Eric Hyatt, V.Janet Mcdonald. Ecological indicators (Vol. 1). London and New York: Elsevier applied science, 1992, 629-658.
[330] Ministry of Agriculture Fisheries and Food. Towards sustainable agriculture, a pilot set of indicators. London: MAFF Publications, 2000.
[331] Morse S, Mcnamara N, Acholo M, et al. Sustainability indicators: the problem of integration. Sustainable development, 2001,9:1-15.
[332] Odum E P. Basic Ecoloy. Saunders College Publishing, 1983.
[333] Odum E P. Ecological Vignettes, ecological approaches to dealing with human predicaments. Harwood Academic Publishers, 1998.
[334] Odum H T. Self-orgnization, transformity, and information. Science,1988,242(25):1132-1139.
[335] Osinski E, Meier U, Buchs W, et ai. Application of biotic indicators for evaluation of sustainable land use——current procedures and future developments. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 2003, 98:407-421.
[336] Ou Yang J L. Sustainable land use scenarios analysis based on bio-economie farm household model: a case study in Quzhou County.Ph.D. research proposal,China agricultural university.2002.
[337] Pards K. Agricultural nutrient balances as agri-environmental indicators: an OECD perspective. Environmental Pollution, 1998,102(S1):219-225.
[338] Pasquini M W, Alexander M J. Chemical properties of urban waster ash produced by open burning on the Jos Plateau: implications for agriculture, the Science of the total Environment, 2004,3(19):225-240.
[339] Pease J, VanDyke L, Bosch D, et al. Nutrient Management Planning:Win/Win and We Can Do Better.http://www.ctic.purdue.edu.2003.
[340] Pervanchon F, Bockstaller C, Girardin P. Assessment of energy use in arable farming systems by means of an agro-ecological indicator: the energy indicator. Agricultural Systems, 2002,72:149-172.
[341] Phillis Y A, Andriantiatsaholiniaina L A. Sustainability: an ill-defined concept and its assessment using fuzzy logic. Ecological Economics, 2001, 37:435-456.
[342] Porter M E著,李明轩,邱如美译.国家竞争优势.北京:华夏出版社,The Free Press, 2002.
[343] Poaer M E著,高登第,李明轩译.竞争论.北京:中信出版社,Citic Publishing House, 2003.
[344] Praneetvatakul S, Janekamkij P, Potchanasin C, et al. Assessing the sustainability of agriculture, A case of Mae Chaem Catchment, northern Thailand.Environment International, 2001,27:103-109.
[345] Ragas A M J, Knapen M J, Van de Heuvel P J M, et al. Towards a sustainability indicator for production systems. J. cleaner prod., 1995, 3(1-2): 123-129.
[346] Rapport D J, Costanza R, Mcmichael A J. Assessing ecosystem health. Trends Ecol Evol, 1999,13:397—402.
[347] Rasul C, Thapa G B.SUStainability of ecological and conventional agricullural systems in Bangladesh: an assessment based on environmental, economic and social perspectives. Agricaltural Systeros, 2004, 79:327-351.
[348] Rebitzer G, Ekvall T, Frischknecht R. Life cycle assessment Part 1: Framework, goal and scope definition, inventory analysis, and applications. Environment IntematiOnal, 2004, 30:701-720.
[349] Reeves D w. The role of soil organic matter in maintaining soil quality in continuous cropping systems. Soil & Tillage Research, 1997, 43:131-167.
[350] Rigby D, WoodhOHSe P, Young T, et al. Constructing a farm level indicator of sustainable agrjcultural practice. Ecological Economics, 2001, 9:463-478.
[351] Roetter R P. veiniew of LUPAS methodology: concepts and tools applied IGSNRR. 中荷北京项目培训材料,2002.
[352] Roetter R, Hoarlh C T, Luat N V, et al. Exchange of methodologies in land use planning. Sysnet research paper series No.1. Grafisch Service centrum Van Gils B.V., Wageningen. 1998.
[353] Sands G R, Podmore T H. A generalized environmerltal sustainability index for agricultural systems. Agricullure, ecosystem and environment, 2000,79:29-41.
[354] Smith C S, McDonald G T, Thwaites R N. TIM: Assessing the sustainability of agricultural land management. Journal of Environmental Management, 2000, 60:267-288.
[355] Smith C S, McDorlald G T. Assessing the sustainability of agriculture at the planning stage. Journal of Environmental Management, 1998, 52:15-37.
[356] Smith D D, Bower T B, Tevera D. Urban poveny alld urball agriCUlture: An overview of the linkages in Harare. Habitat Intl, 1995,19(2):183-193.
[357] Spangenberg J H. Institutional sustainability indicators: an analysis of the institutions in agenda 21 and a draft set of indicators for monitoring their afiectiVity. SUStainable development, 2002, 10:103-115.
[358] Steinbom W, Svirezhev Y. Entropy as an indicator of sustainability in agro-ecosystems: Nonh Germally case study. Ecological Modelling, 2000, 133:247-257.
[359] Stevenson M, Lee H. Indicators of sustainability as a tool in agricultural development: partitioning scientific and participatory processes. Int. J. Dev. World Ecol, 2001, 8:57-65.
[360] Stoorvogel J J, Antle J M, Crissman C C, Bowerl W. The tradeoff analysis model: integrated bio-physical and economic modeling of agricultural production systems. Agricultural Systems, 2004, 80:43-66.
[361] Stoorvogel J J, Antle J M, Crissman C C. Trade-off analysis in the Northern Andes to study the dynamics in agricultural land use. Journal of Environmental Management, 2004, 72:23-33.
[362] Tellarini V, Caporali F. An input/output methodology to evaluate farms as sustainable agroecosystems: an application of indicators to farms in central Italy. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 2000, 77:111-123.
[363] The Nutrient Management Subcommittee of the Nonpoint Source Pollution Abatement Program Redesign. Nitrate in Groundwater-A Continuing Issue for Wisconsin Citizens. March. 1999.
[364] Tian S. Ecological ecorlomics in China: origins, dilemmas and prospects. Ecological economics, 2002, 41:5-20.
[365] van den Bergh J C J M, Verbruggen H. Spatial sustainability, trade and indicators: an evaluation of the 'ecological footprint'. Ecological Economics, 1999, 29:61-72.
[366] van der Werf H M G, Petit J. Evaluation of the environmental impact of agriculture at the farm level: a comparison and analysis of 12 indicator-based methods. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 2002, 93:131-145.
[367] Wall G, Mei G. On exergy and sustainable development-Part 1: Conditions and concepts. Exergy Int. J., 2001,1(3):128-145.
[368] Water Quality and the North Carolina Swine Industry. http://www.ces.ncsu.edu/whpaper/WQswine.html.March10.1995.
[2] 白永平.武威绿洲生态环境的综合评价和管理策略.地理科学,2000,20(3):251-258.
[3] 北京农村年鉴编委会.北京农村年鉴.北京:中国农业出版社,2000-2003.
[4] 北京市地方志编纂委员会.北京年鉴.北京:北京年鉴社,1998-2001.
[5] 北京市计划委员会郊区处,北京市农林科学研究综合所.北京市农业现代化现状评价及发展重点.2000年4月.
[6] 北京市农村经济研究中心.北京农村研究报告,北京市农村职业教育发展研究课题组.北京市农村教育发展研究.2001年.
[7] 北京市农村经济研究中心.调研参考资料汇编 199-2000.2001年5月.
[8] 北京市农林科学院农业综合发展研究所.北京市农业节水、用水结构调整与用水生态问题研究.2001,12月.
[9] 北京市农业资源与产业调查小组.221行动计划调研报告之二—北京农业资源与产业调查报告.2003.9.
[10] 北京市商务局贸发处.2003年北京辖区农产品出口情况.http://www.bjfetc.gov.cn.2004.03.03.
[11] 北京市水利局.北京市水资源公报 1986-2001.2003.
[12] 北京市顺义区统计局.顺义区国民经济统计资料汇编,1996—2001年.
[13] 北京市统计局.2003年国民经济和社会发展统计公报.http://www.bjstats.gov.cn/tjyl/tjgb/index.htm.
[14] 北京市政府.《21世纪初期首都水资源可持续利用规划》.2000年9月.
[15] 北京在做全国最贵的农业试验.北京农业科学,2001,5:24.
[16] 毕维铭,付桦.北京山区人口容量与迁移对策研究.北京规划建设.2000,4:42-45.
[17] 蔡博峰,秦大唐.生态系统稳定性研究中能量理论的应用.环境科学,2004.25(5):10-14.
[18] 蔡意中.上海现代都市农业可持续发展问题研究.博士学位论文,南京农业大学,2000.
[19] 蔡运龙,Barry Smit.持续农业及其中国态势.地理学报,1995,50(2):97-106.
[20] 曹利军.可持续发着的理论和方法.北京:科学出版社,1999.
[21] 曹林奎.都市农业导论.上海:上海科学技术出版社.1999.
[22] 陈百明,中国农业资源综合生产能力与人口承载能力,北京:气象出版社,2001,
[23] 陈国良,张振助.未来50年中国教育与人力资源开发的战略构想.教育发展研究.2003,5:29-41.
[24] 陈建国.激励循环与组织内在竞争力研究.湖南社会科学,2003,5:108-110.
[25] 陈梦熊,马凤山.中国地下水资源与环境.北京:地震出版社.2002.68页.
[26] 陈培钧,吕晓俭,谢振华北京地下水资源与首都持续发展.北京地质,1999,4:1-6.
[27] 陈清硕.农业技术生态:通向农业可持续发展的桥梁.南京农专学报,1999,15(3):46-50.
[28] 陈述芬,冯振翼.加入WTO后的我国农民增收问题探讨.经济师.2003,1:177-178.
[29] 陈锡文.全面建设小康社会的关键是统筹城乡发展.中国党政干部论坛.2003,1:12-14.
[30] 陈孝新.几个综合评价方法的案例研究.江西财经大学学报,2004,3:20—23.
[31] 陈永灿,张宝旭,李玉梁.密云水库富营养化分析与预测,水利学报,1998,7:12—15.
[32] 陈勇.浅谈比较优势理论在中国的应用困境.财经问题研究,2004,8:25—29.
[33] 陈佑启,唐华俊,陶陶.我国可持续农业评价指标体系建设的有关问题.中国软科学,2001,1:102-106.
[34] 陈佑启,陶陶.论可持续农业的评价指标.农业现代化研究,2000,21(5):271-275.
[35] 程序.中国应当依靠科技教育促进出口农业的大发展.科技导报.2004,4:3-6.
[36] 程序.一个必须正视的重大误区一为“创新”和“企业家”正名的必要性和重要性.科技导报,2002,5:38-40.
[37] 程序.再论可持续思想的发展及其与中国生态农业的关系.中国生态农业学报.2002,10(4):1-5.
[38] 程序.中国可持续的现代化农业探讨.农业现代化研究.2002,23(1):1-4.
[39] 程序.中国应当依靠科技教育促进出口农业的大发展.科技导报.2004,5:3-6.
[40] 程智强,程序.农业现代化指标体系的设计.农业技术经济.2003,2:1-4.
[41] 程智强.上海农业可持续发展指标体系及其评价.农业技术经济,1999,1:39-43.
[42] 褚保金,游小建,卢朝晖.应用面向对象分析思想构建农业可持续发展评价指标体系.农业经济问题,1999,11:18-22.
[43] 地质矿产部水文地质工程地质司.中国典型地区地下水资源评价·调蓄·管理.水文地质工程地质选辑24,北京:地质出版社.1989.
[44] 董得茂.北京地质资源与首都经济北京地质,1998,4:4-8.
[45] 董克虞.畜禽粪便对环境的污染及资源化途径.农业环境保护.1998,17(6):281-283.
[46] 董悦安,沈照理,钟佐.菜田施肥(化肥)对地下水氮污染影响的实验研究.地球科学-中国地质大学学报.1999,24(1):101-104.
[47] 董悦安,沈照理,钟佐.农田区地下水氮污染和氮转化的实验研究.北京师范大学学报(自然科学版).2001,37(2):199-204.
[48] 杜桂森,孟繁艳,李学东等.密云水库水质现状及发展趋势.环境科学,1999,3:110-112.
[49] 杜桂森,王建厅,,张为华.北京城市河湖的营养状态分析.北京水利,2002,6:25-28.
[50] 杜卫东.WTO与中国农业标准化.中国标准化.2003,2:29-30.
[51] 段增强,P. H. Verburg,张风荣等.土地利用动态模拟模型的构建及其应用—以北京市海淀区为例.地理学报,2004,59(6):1037-1047.
[52] 范大路.生态农业投资项目外部效益评估研究—一个一般理论框架及其案例分析.西南农业大学博士生论文,1999.
[53] 方世建,付文林.我国居民储蓄与GDP增长相关性分析.预测.2001,5:29-32.
[54] 方志权.日本都市农业研究(上).外国经济与管理,1997,7:45—48.
[55] 傅伯杰,陈利顶,王军等.黄土丘陵沟壑区土地利用结构与生态过程.北京:商务印书馆.2002年.
[56] 傅重林,徐梦洁,周生路.上海都市农业及其可持续发展研究,土壤,2000,3:140—145.
[57] 高书国、王文源、徐娅.加快教育改革与发展,促进实施北京可持续发展战略.北京教育.1997,9:9-11.
[58] 高旺盛,隋鹏,陈源泉.北京市现代集约农业可持续性分析与战略选择.中国农业资源与区划.2001,22(6):27—30.
[59] 关于提高京郊农民素质的途径及措施课题组.提高京郊农民素质的途径及措施研究.北京农业职业学院学报.2002,16(3):47—48.
[60] 郭根山.比较优势理论不能作为中国工业化战略选择与评价的依据.经济师,2002,5:29—30.
[61] 郭显光.改进熵值法在经济评价中的应用.系统工程理论与实践,1998,12:98-102.
[62] 国际计委投资研究所,中国人民大学区域所.我国地区比较优势研究,管理世界,2001,2:45-55.
[63] 国家统计局,北京市统计公报,2000-2002.http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjgb/index.htm.
[64] 海热提·涂尔逊,杨志峰.北京的环境问题与城市可持续发展对策.城市问题,1998,6:19-22.
[65] 郝福庆.我国人口安全问题及应对策略.宏观经济管理,2004,6:24—26.
[66] 何秀荣.学者新论:发展农业对我国农民增收究竟有多大作用?-历史角度的观察和思考.光明日 报,2003-11-25.
[67] 荷兰中央统计局,荷兰农业经济研究所.事实与数字 1995.荷兰,海牙:荷兰农业、渔业及自然管理部,1995.
[68] 胡必亮.城镇化道路适合中国.南方周末.2003.8.7,14版.
[69] 黄进勇.中国生态农业模式管理信息及决策支持系统的建立.浙江大学博士后学位论文,2001.
[70] 黄满湘,章申,张国梁.北京地区冬小麦/夏王米连作条件下NO_3N淋失.地理研究,2002,21(4):427-433.
[71] 黄满湘,周成虎,章申等.北京官厅水库流域农田地表径流生物可利用磷流失规律.湖泊科学,2003,15(2):118-123.
[72] 黄兴文,陈百明.中国生态资产区划的理论与应用,生态学报,1999,19(5):602-606.
[73] 霍有光.西调渤海水改造北方沙漠与遏制北京沙尘暴.世界科技研究与发展,2003,24(2):44-52.
[74] 贾良良,陈新平,张福锁等.北京市冬小麦氮肥适宜用量评价方法的研究.中国农业大学学报,2001,6(3):67-73.
[75] 贾若祥,刘毅.中国区域可持续发展现状及分类.地理研究,2003,22(5):599—617.
[76] 姜建军,候春堂主编.中国农业地学研究与进展.中国大地出版社,2003.
[77] 姜文来.水资源价值论(博士论文).北京师范大学环境科学研究所.1999.
[78] 蒋和平,黄仁,薛桂霞等.北京市现代化农业可持续发展的基本思路与布局.农业现代化研究.1999,20(6):329-333.
[79] 蒋林树,范学珊,方洛云等.北京市秸秆资源调查及应用前景.北京农学院学报,2003,18(1):33-35.
[80] 蒋乃华,尹坚.中国畜产品生产效率、消费行为与贸易前景.中国农业经济评论.2003,1(2):137-167.
[81] 蒋乃华.京郊农民家庭经营收入变动:微观基础与政策含义.首都经济杂志.2001,11:21—24.
[82] 蒋永穆,安雅娜.WTO框架下我国农业发展战略的新构建.经济体制改革.2003,1:138-141.
[83] 靳乐山.生态农业研究的方法论探讨.农业现代化研究,1997,18(1):43—46.
[84] 雷社平,解建仓,黄明聪等.区域产业用水系统的协调度分析.水利学报,2004,5:14-19.
[85] 李迪强,孙成永,张新时.中国潜在植被生产力的分布与模拟,植物学报,1998,40(6):560-566.
[86] 李国平,张云.附加环境因素:传统比较优势理论的扩展.中国人口.资源与环境,2003,14(4):6-10.
[87] 李海涛,廖迎春.江西省生态.经济系统的能值分析.江西农业大学学报,2003,25(1):92-98.
[88] 李剑富,魏毅.政府、农民行为与推进县域生态农业建设.商业研究,2004,23(307):176-178.
[89] 李全胜,叶旭君.农业生态系统可持续发展趋势度的评价方法研究.生态学报.2001.21(5):695-700.
[90] 李绍华.世界果树生产状况及提高找国果品市场竞争力对策.中国农业大学学报,2003,8(1):7-13.
[91] 李树.中国生态农业产业化发展问题研究.西南农业大学博士论文,1998.
[92] 李双成,蔡运龙.基于能值分析的上地可持续利用态势研究.经济地理.2002.22(3):346-350.
[93] 李双成,郑度,张镱锂.环境与生态系统资本价值评估的区域范式.地理科学,2002,22(3):270-275.
[94] 李文华.生态农业—中国可持续农业的理论与实践北京:化学工业出版社.
[95] 李兴稼,刘印春.北京郊区农村劳动力利用结构研究.北京农学院学报.1998,13(2):61-73.
[96] 李莹,白墨,张巍等.改善北京市大气环境质量中居民支忖意愿的影响因素分析.中国人口.资源与环境,2002,12(6):123-126.
[97] 李钟魁,周冰冰.北京市森林资源价值初报,林业经济,2001,2:36—42.
[98] 厉为民.荷兰的农业奇迹—一个中国经济学家眼中的荷兰农业.北京:中国农业科学技术出版社,2003.
[99] 联合国开发计划署驻华代表处.中国人类发展报告2002/绿色发展必选之路.北京:中国财政经济出版社,2002.
[100] 廖浪涛,丁胜,吴水荣.密云水库水源涵养林生态效益的评价与补偿,林业建设,2000,6:19-22.
[101] 廖明球,国民经济核算中绿色GDP测算探讨,统计研究,2000,6:17-21.
[102] 林毅夫,李永军.比较优势、竞争优势与发展中国家的经济发展.管理世界,2003,7:56-66.
[103] 林毅夫.解决农村贫困问题需要有新的战略思路—评世界银行新的“惠及贫困人日的农村发展战略”.北京大学学报(哲学社会版).2002,39(5):5-8.
[104] 林昭远,陈键鑫,颜正平.集水区农业非点源污染之评估及控制对策.水土保持研究,2001,8(1):7-9.
[105] 刘宝存,孙明德,吴静.北京郊区粮田土壤养分与施肥.北京农业科学,1999,17(6):30-34.
[106] 刘风琴,顾培亮.ASD系统评价的动态研究.系统工程,1999,17(3):31—35.
[107] 刘光栋,吴文良,刘仲兰等.华北农业高产粮区地下水面源污染特征及环境影响研究—以山东省桓台县为例.中国生态农业学报,2005,13(2):125—129.
[108] 刘桂莲,张明庆.近百年EINino/LaNina事件与北京气候相关性分析.气象,2002,27(2):3-6.
[109] 刘宏斌,李志宏,张维理等.露地栽培条件下大白菜氮肥利用率与硝态氮淋溶损失研究.植物营养与肥料学报,2004,10(3):286-291.
[110] 刘宏斌,李志宏,张云贵等,北京市农田土壤硝态氮的分布与累计特征,中国农业科学,2004,37(5):692—698.
[111] 刘家祥、蔡巧生等.北京西郊地下水库研究,中华人民共和国矿产部地质专报六,水文地质工程地质第5号.北京:地质出版社,1988.
[112] 刘如海.北京上海城市经济竞争力比较.城市问题.2000,4:29-32.
[113] 刘瑞涵,王红英,任玉玲.北京市粮食产业和蔬菜产业经济效益比较分析.北京农学院学报,1999,14(1):24—28.
[114] 刘少伯,石有龙,葛翔等.半年来养猪业与蛋鸡业的市场分析与展望.中国畜牧杂志,2005,41(4):3-8,63.
[115] 刘树.北京郊区农民专业合作经济组织发展特点及成效.农村合作经济经营管理.AL2002,7:34-35.
[116] 刘霞,杜桂森,张会等.密云水库的浮游植物及水体营养程度.环境科学研究,2003,16,1:27-29.
[117] 刘晓端,葛晓立,杜桂森等.密云水库内湖富营养化现状分析.湖泊科学,2002,14(4):33 1-336.
[118] 刘雪,傅泽田,常虹.我国蔬菜出日的显示性对称比较优势分析.农业现代化研究,2002,23(5):369—373.
[119] 刘毅,周明煜.北京沙尘质量浓度与气象条件关系研究及应用.气候与环境研究.1998,3(2):142-146.
[120] 刘中丽,欧阳宗继.气候变化对北京水资源的影响.北京农业科学,1999,17(5):42-45.
[121] 楼文高,刘遂庆.神经网络在区域水资源可持续性发展水平评价中的应用.农业系统科学与综合研究,2004,20(2):113—119.
[122] 卢兵友、徐玉新、王如松.拜泉生态农业建设的生态资产响应,生态学报,2002,22(12):2260-2263.
[123] 卢剑波.农业生态系统的持续性及其评价指标.生态学杂志,2000,19(2):56—58.
[124] 卢志光,孙京都,卢丽.北京旱情与对策.北京:气象出版社.2002.
[125] 陆宏芳,蓝盛芳,陈飞鹏,彭少麟.农业生态系统能量分析.应用生态学报,2004,15(1):159-162.
[126] 陆宏芳,蓝盛芳,李雷.系统可持续发展的能值评价指标.中国环境科学,2002,22(4):380-384.
[127] 路明.现代生态农业.中国农业出版社,2002.
[128] 吕鸣伦,刘卫国.地区可持续发展理论研究.地理研究,1998.17(2):131-137.
[129] 马光霞.2004年上半年中国农产品进出口贸易分析.世界农业,2004,9:23—25.
[130] 毛汉英,山东省可持续发展指标体系研究.地理研究,1996,15(4):16—23.
[131] 毛振宾.北京市农业产业化经营情况报告.农业产业化,2003,4:17-19.
[132] 聂玉藻.接轨国际准则参与市场竞争.京郊日报.2002,3月4日.
[133] 潘学标.荷兰作物模型的发展与应用.http://www.nercita.org.cn/xinguo/kjlt/gwny/gwny.htm.2003,12.
[134] 彭涛,高旺盛,隋鹏.农田生态系统健康评价指标体系的探讨.中国农业大学学报,2004,9(1):21-25.
[135] 齐永华,张风荣,林秀梅等.大城市郊区农业资源利用面临的困境与出路—以北京市平谷区为例.生态经济,2004,11:63-67,70.
[136] 钱云平.地下水系统中污染物的行为特征.地下水.1997,19(1):31-34.
[137] 乔家君,许叔明,地区可持续发展的比较方法评价.地域研究与开发,2003,22(4):9-12.
[138] 乔家君.改进熵值法在河南可持续性评价中的应用.资源科学,2004,26(1):113-119.
[139] 秦长学.开发北京“云水”资源.中国减灾杂志,2002.1:39-41.
[140] 秦富,王秀清和辛贤.国外农业支持政策研究.北京:中国农业出版社,2003.
[141] 全国生态农业示范县建设专家组编.发展中的中国生态农业.北京:中国农业科技出版社,2001.
[142] 沈淑霞.我国财政农业支持及其效率研究.中国农业大学博士论文,2004.
[143] 帅传敏,程国强,张金隆.中国农产品国际竞争力的估计.管理世界,2003,1:97—104.
[144] 宋国君.可持续发展的原则、分析和政策.北京:经济科学出版社,2002.
[145] 宋金平.北京都市农业发展探讨.农业现代化研究,2002,23(3):199-203.
[146] 宋乃平.农牧交错带农牧户土地利用选择机制及其环境效应.中国农业大学博士论文,2004.
[147] 宋秀杰.北京郊区农业种植结构调整与发展节水农业.北京农业科学,2001,4:6-9.
[148] 苏筠,成升魁,谢高地.大城市居民生活消费的生态占用初探—对北京、上海的案例研究.资源科学,2001,23(6):24-28.
[149] 孙青,黄怀曾,何红寥等.北京官厅水库沉积物——水界面磷的分布和迁移特征.矿物岩石地球化学通报,2003,22(2):137-139.
[150] 孙振钧.京郊养殖业环境影响现状和发展对策(交流资料).2003,9.
[151] 唐华骏,陈佑启,伊·范·朗斯特.中国土地资源可持续利用的理论与实践.北京:中国农业科技出版社.2000,83-96页.
[152] 仝川.不可更新资源利用比例的指标研究.自然资源学报,2000,15(2):123-127.
[153] 汪慧贞,李宪法北京域区雨水径流的污染及控制.城市环境与城市生态,2002,15(2):16-18.
[154] 汪树俊,蔡意中,泽田进一.上海市—大阪府都市农业发展研讨会论文集.上海:上海科学技术文献出版社,1997.
[155] 王爱玲,文化,钱友山.影响京郊农民收入因素的灰色关联分析.农业技术经济.2004,4:19-23.
[156] 王德发,综合环境与经济核算体系,财经研究,2004,30(5):104-113.
[157] 王冬海,李永贵,蒋文琼.北京山区小流域经济发展的影响因素分析——以石匣小流域为例.北京林业大学学报.2002,24(1):53-58.
[158] 王飞儿,陈英旭,田光明.可持续发展指标的分类和讨论.软科学,2002,16(5):58-61.
[159] 王芬,吴建军,卢剑波,韩明春,姜宁.区域农业生态系统可持续发展指标体系及其应用.自然资源学报,2003,18(4):453-458.
[160] 王革华.全面建设小康社会的农村能源问题及其发展战略.科技导报,2005,5:53-55.
[161] 王海燕.科技发展.可持续发展和指标体系.中国科技论坛,2000,2:42-45.
[162] 王红瑞,刘昌,毛广全等,水资源短缺对北京农业的不利影响分析与对策,自然资源学报,2004,19(2):160—169.
[163] 王健民、王如松主编.中国生态资产概论,2001,江苏科学技术出版社.
[164] 王金如,吴文桂.气象与北京城市的水.北京水利,1997,(3):55-57.
[165] 王军艳,张凤荣,王茹等.应用指数和法对潮土农田土壤肥力变化的评价研究.农村生态环境,2001,17(3):13—16,20.
[166] 王凯军,金冬霞.加强北京市规模化畜禽养殖场污染防治工作.城市管理与科技.2002,4(1):28-30.
[167] 王黎明,毛汉英.中国沿海地区可持续发展能力量化研究.地理研究.2000,19(2):156-164.
[168] 王民洲.密云水库40年福泽京城,北京水利,1999,6:44,48.
[169] 王舒曼,曲福田.江苏省自然资源核算及对GDP的修正—以水、大气资源为例,中国人口.资源与环境,2001,11(3):68-72.
[170] 王思明.从历史传统看中美生态农业的实践.生态经济,1996,2:24-27.
[171] 王松林,郝晋民.区域农业—农村可持续发展评价体系的建立与应用.中国农业大学学报,2001,6(5):49—55.
[172] 王晓燕,王晓峰,汪清平等.北京密云水库小流域非点源污染负荷估算.地理科学,2004,24(2):227-231.
[173] 王晓燕,王一峋,蔡新广.北京密云水库流域非点源污染现状研究.环境科学与技术.2002,25(4):1-4.
[174] 王新华.中部四省虚拟水贸易的初步研究.华南农业大学学报,2004,3(3):35-38.
[175] 王跃思,王长科,郭雪清等.北京大气CO2浓度日变化、季变化及长期趋势.科学通报,2002,47(14):1108-1112.
[176] 王跃思,王明星.北京大气甲烷季变化及发展趋势.大气科学,2000,24(2):157-164.
[177] 温铁军.打破农村经济领域中的垄断一关乎八亿农民的命运.中国改革.2001,8:6—9.
[178] 文化,钱友山.北京郊区农业现代化道路的新选择.技术密集型集约持续农业(一).北京农业科学,1997,15(4):41-44.
[179] 文化,钱友山.农业接口工程.北京:北京科学技术出版社.1996,23页.
[180] 闻大中.农业生态系统能量流和能源分析的研究进展.农村生态环境,1995,11(2):43-48.
[181] 翁鸣,陈劲松.中国农业竞争力研究北京:中国农业出版社.2003.
[182] 瓮克瑞,严奉宪.土地资源禀赋与我国农产品比较优势.农村经济,2004,6:11—13.
[183] 乌云格日勒,徐海鹏,马蔼乃等.北京地区中全新世以来特征时段环境变化对土壤水力侵蚀的影响.应用基础与工程科学学报,1997,5(2):146-154.
[184] 邬定荣.基于WOFOST模型的小麦水资源高效利用研究.中科院地理所硕士论文 2002.
[185] 吴建繁,黄得明,王运华.北京市农田和土壤肥力施肥情况调查.华北农学 报.2000,15:82-94.
[186] 吴佩林,鲁奇,王国霞.近20年来北京市耕地面积变化及其相关社会经济驱动因素分折.中国人口.资源与环境,2004,14(3):109-115.
[187] 吴正华,储锁龙,李海盛.北京相当暴雨日数的气候特征.大气科学,2000,24(1):58-66.
[188] 伍世良,邹桂昌,林健枝.论中国生态农业建设的五个基本问题.自然资源学报,2001,16(4):320—324.
[189] 谢书成.北京土地资源.北京市房屋土地管理局.1997年10月.
[190] 谢庄,曹鸿兴.北京最高和最低气温的非对称变化.气象学报,1996,54(4):501-507.
[191] 谢庄,崔继良,刘海涛等.华北和北京的酷暑天气 1.历史概况及个例份析.气候与环境研究,1999,4(4):323-333.
[192] 谢庄,李惠.北京地区气温诊断分析.大气科学,1994,18增卷:820-825.
[193] 谢庄,王桂田.北京地区气温和降雨百年变化规律的探讨.大气科学,1994,18(6):683-690.
[194] 徐保根.生态农业建设中的土地资源配置方法研究—以山西省隰县拭区为例.中国农业大学博士生论文,2001.
[195] 徐保根.生态农业产业化经营中的土地资源配置问题研究.浙江大学博士后论文,2003.
[196] 徐梦洁,赵其国.长江三角洲地区农业可持续发展评价及研究.土壤,2000,3:135—139.
[197] 徐中民,程国栋,樊胜岳.可持续发展系统属性细分理论.生态经济,20012:12-14.
[198] 许衡,李红继,绿色GDP统计中几个问题的再探讨,现代财经,2002,22(10):3-8.
[199] 许世卫,李志强.新时期中国食物安全发展战略研究.济南:山东科学技术出版社.2003.
[200] 许中民,龙爱华,张志强.虚拟水的理论方法及在甘肃省的应用.地理学报,2003,58(6):861-869.
[201] 薛亮.推进优势农产品区域布局,提高农业国际竞争力.农业经济问题,2003,1:34-36.
[202] 晏维金,章申,唐以剑.模拟降雨条件下沉积物对磷的富集机理.环境科学学报,2000,20(3):332-337.
[203] 杨宝良.论中国区域比较优势与产业地理集聚的非协整发展及成因.经济评论,2003,5:48-52.
[204] 杨灿.可持续发展会计研究.厦门大学学报,1998,3:22-27.
[205] 杨多贵,牛文元,陈劭锋,王海燕.中国区域可持续发展综合优势能力评价.科学管理研究,2000,18(5):70—72,78.
[206] 杨缅昆,环境退化:核算理论和方法,统计研究,2004,11:3—6.
[207] 杨贤为,叶殿秀,马大健等.北京地区冬、春季节大气稳定度演变特征.气象,2002,28(1):43-46.
[208] 杨志新,郑大玮,李永贵.北京市土壤侵蚀经济损失分析及价值估算.水土保持学报,2004,18(3):175-178.
[209] 叶彩华,郭文利.北京旱涝灾害对农业生产的影响及对策.北京农业科学,2000,18(1):24-27.
[210] 叶正波.可持续发展的理论和实践评价.北京:中国环境科学出版社,2002.
[211] 尹翔硕.比较优势、技术进步与收入分配—基于两个经典定理的分析.复旦学报,2002,6:50-55.
[212] 尹志刚,焦永刚,马小红等.北京城市贫困人口致贫原因分析.市场与人口分析.2002,8(4):36-44.
[213] 于莉,王雪松,张庆平,王孔泉.黑龙江省持续农业评价指标体系初探.农业系统科学与综合研究,2001.17(3):233—235.
[214] 于淑秋,林学椿,徐祥德.北京市区大气污染的时空特征.应用气象学报,2002,13特刊:92-99.
[215] 俞菊生.都市农业的理论与创新体系构筑.农业现代化研究,1999,20(4):207—210.
[216] 宇振荣.作物生长模拟模型研究和应用.生态学杂志.1994,13(1):69-73.
[217] 袁雯,Philip James,杨凯.中国社会可持续发展指标体系.上海崇明县案例研究.地理研究,2003,22(4):484-494.
[218] 岳超源,李浒.环境、资源与可持续发展的多目标评价.环境保护,1998,12:44-47.
[219] 曾凡刚.北京石景山古城地区大气中有机污染物定性定量研究.安徽大学学报(自然科学版),2002,26(2):97-102.
[220] 张诚一,邢宜楠.区域生态评价的权重研究.生态经济,2004,sl:137-140.
[221] 张德平,米红.中国可持续发展的特征及中等发达国家的聚类分析.数量经济技术经济研究,2003,7:88-92.
[222] 张凤荣,齐伟,薛永森,徐艳.持续土地利用管理评价方法的研究.中国农业大学学报,2002,7(1):40-46.
[223] 张甘霖.城市土壤的生态服务功能演变与城市生态环境保护.2005,23(3):16-19.
[224] 张海坤.北京市农村住户经营行为研究,北京市农业普查办公室.http://www.bjstats.gov.cn/gcfx/ktyg/200207040052.htm.2000-06-04.
[225] 张军,杨进怀.北京农业节水历程与展望.节水灌溉,2002,2:8-9.
[226] 张壬午,计文瑛,张彤等.农业和农村可持续发展指标体系建设.农业现代化研究,1994,15(1):24-27.
[227] 张水龙,庄季屏.农业非点源污染的流域单元划分方法.农业环境保护.2001,20(1):34-37.
[228] 张为华,武佃卫.官厅水系水质评价及对策建议.北京水利,1997,6:11-15.
[229] 张为华,姚太莲,房铁飞.浅谈北京市平原区地下水开发利用及保护.地下水,1998,20(2):50-52.
[230] 张维理,武淑霞,冀宏杰.中国农业面源污染形势估计及控制对策I.21世纪初期中国农业面源污染的形式估计.中国农业科学,2004,37(7):1008—1017.
[231] 张卫民.基于熵值法的农村可持续发展评价.厦门大学学报,2004,2:109-115.
[232] 张新民,孙新章,胡林等.北京地区常用草坪草的耗水规律及适宜灌溉量研究.农业工程学报,2004,20(6):77—80.
[233] 张学秀,张为华.北京市饮用水源地现状分析.北京水利,2002,1:23-25.
[234] 张忠根,应风其.农业可持续发展评估理论、方法与应用.北京:中国农业出版社,2003.
[235] 张宗枯,施德鸿.人类活动影响下华北平原地下水环境的演化与发展.地球学报,1997,18(4):337-344.
[236] 赵久然,郭强,郭景伦等.北京郊区粮田化肥投入和产量现状的调查分析.北京农业科学,1997,15(2):36-38.
[237] 赵兰香,林生.人力资本投资与比较优势升级.科学学研究,2004,22(3):267-272.
[238] 赵同谦,欧阳志云,郑华等.中国森林生态系统服务功能及其价值评价,自然资源学报,2004,19(7):480-489.
[239] 赵习方,孟燕军,王淑英.北京地区冬春季降水对人气污染物的影响.气象科技,2001,4:19-22.
[240] 赵跃龙,王革华,王海等.生态农业技术含量测定方法的研究.农业工程学报,1999,15(1):41-45.
[241] 赵忠海.北京顺义区地质环境的主要特征及治理措施.北京地质,2003,15(1):18-23.
[242] 甄峰,顾朝林,黄朝永.江苏省可持续发展能力研究.经济地理,2000,20(5):43—46.
[243] 郑大豪,刘亚力.北京市农用水资源可持续利用的经济研究.2001年3月.
[244] 郑建华.密云水库工程综合经济效益简述,北京水利,1999,6:43.
[245] 郑水红,王守荣,王有民.气候灾害对北京可持续发展的影响及对策.地理学报,2000,55增刊:119-127.
[246] 郑新奇,范纯增.农业土地资源可持续利用水平评估研究—以山东省为例.经济地理 2000,20(4):97—100.
[247] 中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所.中国北方沙尘暴现状及对策.Http://www.greenhome.net.cn/tujianwz/tj5_shchenbao.htm.2003.9.20.
[248] 中国科学院可持续发展战略研究组.中国可持续发展战略报告2004.北京:科学出版社,2004.
[249] 中国农业年鉴编辑委员会.中国农业年鉴.北京:中国农业出版社,2002-2004.
[250] 中国农业全书·北京卷编辑委员会.中国农业全书/北京卷.北京:中国农业出版社,1999.
[251] 中国社会科学院“社会形势分析与与预测”课题组.构建和谐社会科学发展观指导下的中国—2004～2005年中国社会形势分析与预测.管理世界,2005,1:17-25.
[252] 中华人民共和国科学技术部农村与社会发展司,中国21世纪议程管理中心.2003中国可持续发展科技报告.中国农业出版社,2004.
[253] 中华人民共和国农业部.中国农业统计资料.北京:中国农业出版社,2000-2004.
[254] 钟甫宁,邢鹏.我国种植业生产结构调整与比较优势变动的实证分析.农业现代化研究 2003,24(4):260—263.
[255] 钟永玲.农民专业合作经济组织在北京农业信息化中的作用.首都经济杂志.2003,11:21-23.
[256] 种玉麒,张为华.北京城区雨洪利用的研究.北京水利,1996,5:24-27.
[257] 周炳中,包浩生,杨浩等.PSR模型在区域土地可持续利用评价中的应用.自然资源学报,2002.17(5):541—548.
[258] 周端明.农业劳动力的异质性:乡城人口流动理论不应忽视的因素.安徽农业大学学报(社会科学版).2002,11(4):43-45.
[259] 周海林.可持续发展指标体系建设的方法论研究.中国环境科学,1999,19(4):360-364.
[260] 周海林.农业可持续发展状态评价指标(体系)框架及其分析.农村生态环境.1995,15(3):6-10,16.
[261] 周立三.中国农业地理.北京:科学出版社,2000.
[262] 朱济成,田应录.化学肥料与地下水污染.水文地质工程地质,1986,5:38-41.
[263] 朱明德,陈孟平,齐福全.都市型现代农业理论与实践北京:中国农业出版社,2003.
[264] 朱谐汉.北京人口特点及其对城市发展的影响.北京工业大学学报(社会科学版).2003,3(1):13-18.
[265] 邹胜章,张金炳,李洁等北京西南城近郊浅层地下水盐污染特征及机理分析.水文地质工程地质,2002,1:5-9.
[266] 左相国,黎志成.第三产业发展水平与人均GDP和农业人口比重之间的关系分析.统计与决策.2003,1:50-51.
[267] Aarts B G W, Nienhuis P H. Ecological sustainability and biodiversity. Int. J. Sustain. Dev. World Ecoi, 1999, 6: 89-102.
[268] Andrews S S, Karlen D L, Mitchell J P. A comparison of soil quality indexing methods for vegetable production systems in Northern Califomia. Agriculture. Ecosystems and Environment, 2002, 90: 25-45.
[269] Angel F. Herrera-ulloa, Anthony T. Charles, Salvador E. Noroeste, et al. A regional-scale sustainable development index: the case of baia California sur, Mexico. Int. J. sustain. Dev. World ecol., 2003,10:353-360.
[270] Atkinson A. Developing indicators of sustainable community: lessons from sustainable Seattle. Environ impact assess rev, 1996,16:337-350.
[271] Belcher K W, Boehm M M, Fulton M E. Agroecosystem sustainability: a system simulation model approach. Agriculture systems, 2004, 79:225-241.
[272] Bell S, Morse S. Sustainability indicators, measuring the immesurable? London: Earthscan Publications Ltd. 1999.
[273] Bellows B. SANREM research report No.1-95, proceedings of the indicators of sustainability conference and workshop. Arlington Virginia: Washington State University, 1994.
[274] Bindraban P S, Stoorvogel J J, Jansen D M, et al. Land quality indicators for sustainable land management: proposed method for yield gap and soil nutrient balance. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 2000,81:103-112.
[275] Bockstaller C, Girardin P, van der weft H M G. Use of agro-eological indicators for the evaluation of farming systems. European Journal of Agronomy, 1997, 7:261-270.
[276] Bossel H. Indicators for sustainable development: theory, method, applicatons. A report to the balaton group. Canada: International Institute for Sustainable Development. 1999.
[277] Bouma J, Droogers P. A procedure to derive land quality indicators for sustainable agricultural production.Geoderma, 1998,85:103-110.
[278] Bowman D C. The Effects of Turfgrass Root Architecture on Nitrate Leaching and Nitrogen Use Efficiency. http://turf.lib.msu.edu/ressuml/244.pdf.2003.11
[279] Bryld E. Potential, problems, and policy implications for urban agriculture in developing counties. Agriculture and human values. 2003,20:79-86.
[280] Buchs W, Harenberg A, Zimmermann J. Biodiversity, the ultimate agri-environmental indicator? Potential and limits for the application of faunistic elements as gradual indicators in agroecosystems. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 2003,98:99-123.
[281] Byerlee D, Murgai R. Sense and sustainability revisited: the limits of total factor productivity measures of sustainable agricultural systems. Agricultural Economics, 2001, 26: 227-236.
[282] Carberry P S, Hochman Z, McCown R L. The FARMSCAPE approach to decision support: farmers', advisers', researchers' monitoring, simulation, communication and performance evaluation. Agricultural Systems, 2002,74:"141-177.
[283] Castillo G E. Livelihoods and the city: an overview of the emergence of agriculture in urban spaces. Progress in development studies. 2003,3(4):339-344.
[284] Cheng X. Innovative approach to utilizing agro-organic wastes and Chinese ecological agriculture. 农业工程学报,2002,18(5):1-6.
[285] Chilton S F J,Moench M,Schiffler F C M.世界银行技术文件第463号,农村发展中的地下水问题—正视供水和资源可持续性方面的挑战.北京:中国财政经济出版社,2001.
[286] China Sustainable development indicators system research group. Ref. erence on Sustainable development indicators system. 1997.
[287] Cornfonh S. Selecting indicators for aSSOSSing sustainable land management. Journal of Environmental Management, 1999, 56:173—179.
[288] Costanza R, Arge R, Groot R, et al. the Value of the worId's ecosystem services and natural capital. Nature, 1997,387: 253-260.
[289] Dalsgaard J P T, Lightfoot C, Christensen V. Towards quantification of ecological sustainability in farmin systems analysis. Ecological Engineering, 1995, 4:181-189.
[290] de Walle F B, Sevenster J. Agriculture and the environment: minerals manure and measures. London: kluwer academic publishers. 1998.
[291] Department of Natural Resources Wisconsin Bureau of Watershed Management. Wisconsin Water Quality Report to Congress. http://www.dnr.state.wi.us/org/water/wm/watersummary/WQ.pdf.2000.
[292] Dillaha T A, Mostaghimi S, HeatwolelC D. Tillage Effects on Nutrient Loadings of Waterways. http://www.ag.auburn.edu/nsdl/sctcsa/Proceedings/1988/Diilaha.pdf.2003,10,20.
[293] Dore J. Developing indicators for sustainable agriculture, an introductory guide to sustainability, http://www.indiancommodity.com/ressustainreport.htm. 2003,5,19.
[294] Douw L, Post J. Growing strong, the development of the Dutch Agricultural Sector; Background and Prospects. the Netherlands, Hague: LEI, 2000.
[295] Douw L, Post J. Growing strong, the development of the Dutch Agricultural Sector; Background and Prospects. LEI, the Netherlands, 2000.
[296] Drechsel E P, Kunze D. Waste Composting for Urban and Peri-urban Agriculture:Closing the Rural-Urban Nutrient Cycle in Sub-Saharan Africa. UK, Wallingford, CABI Publishing,2001.
[297] Dumanski J, Teddy E, Byerlee D, et al. Performance indicators for sustainable agriculture(discussion note). Rural development sector of The world bank. 1998.
[298] Farrow A, Winograd M. Land use modeling at the regional scale: an input to rural sustainability indicators for Central America. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 2001, 85: 249-268.
[299] Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. The Den Bosch declaration and agenda for action on sustainable agriculture and rural.development report of the conference. 1991.
[300] Fuliu X. Exergy and structural exergy as ecological indicators for the development state of the lake Chaohu ecosystem. Ecological Modelling, 1997,99:41-49.
[301] Gareia S M, Staples D J, Chesson J. The FAO guidelines for the development and use of indicators for sustainable development of marine capture sheries and an Australian example of their application. Ocean & Coastal Management, 2000,43: 537-556.
[302] Garnett T. Farming the city. The Ecologist. 1996,26(6):299—308.
[303] Gerbens-Leenes P W, Moll H C, Uiterkamp A J M S. Design and development of a measuring method for environmental sustainability in food production systems. Ecological Economics, 2003, 46:231-248.
[304] Ghersa C M, Ferraro D O, Omacini M, M.A, et al. Farm and landscape level variables as indicators of sustainable land-use in the Argentine Inland-Pampa. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 2002, 93: 279-293.
[305] Giampietro M. Socioeconomic pressure, demographic pressure, environmental loading and technological changes in agriculture. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 1991,65: 201-29.
[306] Gong Mei, Wall G. On exergy and sustainable development-Part 2: Indicators and methods. Exergy Int. J., 2001, 1(4): 217-233.
[307] Gustavson K R, Lonergan S C, Ruitenbeek H J. Selection and modeling of sustainable development indicators: a case study of the Fraser River Basin, British Columbia. Ecological Economics, 1999, 28:117-132.
[308] Hansen J W, Jones J W. A systems framework for characterizing farm sustainability. Agricultural Systems, 1996, 51: 185-201.
[309] Hansen J W. Is agricultural sustainability a useful concept? Agricultural systems, 1996,50:117-143.
[310] Hartemink A E. Soil chemical and physical properties as indicators of sustainable land management under sugar cane in Papua New Guinea. Geoderma, 1998,85: 283-306.
[311] Harter T, Mathews M C, Meyer R D. Effects of Dairy Manure Nutrient Management on Shallow Groundwater Nitrate: A Case Study. http://groundwater.ucdavis.edu/Publications/Harter-201-ASAE2001%20UCCE%20Case%20Study%20paper.pdf.2001.
[312] Herrick J E. Soil quality: an indicator of sustainable land management? Applied Soil Ecology, 2000, 15:75-83.
[313] Hoanh CT, Roetter P R, Aggarwal P K, et al. LUPAS: An operational system for land scenario analysis. P.R. Roetter et al.(eds): system research for optimizing future land use in south and southeast Asia. SysNet research paper series No,2IRRI, los Banos, Philippines. 2000,39-53.
[314] Ke B S. Livestock Policy Discussion Paper No. 7: Perspectives and Strategies for the livestock Sector in China over the next three decades.Food and Agriculture Organization, Livestock Information and Policy Branch. AGAL, August 2002.
[315] Kruseman G, Ruben R, Kuyvenhoven A, et al. Analytical framework for disentangling the concept of sustainable land use. Agricultural System, 1996, 5:191-207.
[316] Kuyvenhoven, Bouma J, Van Keulen H, et al. Policy analysis for sustainable land use and food security. Agricultural systems, Elsevier science Ltd, London. 1998,58.
[317] Laborte A G, Nunez B, Dreiser C, et al.Sysnet toolsII: the MGLP user interface for interactive land use scenario analysis. international rice research institute, technical bulletin, 2001, No.8.
[318] Laborte A G, Roetter R, Hoanh C T. Sysnet tools: the Multiple goal linear programming model (MGLP) and maplink. international rice research institute, technical bulletin, 1999,No.6.
[319] Lan S F, Odum H T, Liu X M. Energy flow and emergy analysis of the agroecosystems of China. Ecologic Science, 1998, 17(1):32-39.
[320] Li H, Sun D F, Zhang F R, et al. Suitability Evaluation of Fruit Trees in beijing Western Mountain Areas Based on DEM and GIS, Transactions of the CSAE, 2002,18(5):250-255.
[321] Lintott J. Environmental accounting: useful to whom and for what? Ecological economics, 1996,16:179-190.
[322] Losada H, Benner R, Soriano R, et al. Arban agriculture in Mexico city: functions provided by the use of space for diary based livelihoods. cities, 2000, 17(6):419-431.
[323] Loveland P, Webb J. Is there a critical level of organic matter in the agricultural soils of temperate regions. Soil & Tillage Research, 2003, 70:1-18.
[324] Madaleno I. Research note: Urban agriculture in Belem, Brazil. Cities. 2000, 17(1):73-77.
[325] Mansson T. Eco cycles-the basis of sustainable urban development. Stockholm Environmental Adisory Council. 1992.
[326] Maxwell D G. Alternative food security strategy: a household analysis of urban agriculture in kampala. World Development. 1995,23(10): 1669-1681.
[327] Mbiba B. Urban agriculture in Zimbabwe; implications for urban management and poverty. Avebury, aldershot. 1995.
[328] Mckenzie D H, Hyatt D E, Mcdonald V J. Ecological indicators,(Vol, 1). London and New York: Elsevier applied science, 1992.
[329] Meyer J R, Campbell C L, Moser T J, Hess G R, et al. Indicators of the ecological status of agroecosystems. From: Daniel H. Mckenzie, D. Eric Hyatt, V.Janet Mcdonald. Ecological indicators (Vol. 1). London and New York: Elsevier applied science, 1992, 629-658.
[330] Ministry of Agriculture Fisheries and Food. Towards sustainable agriculture, a pilot set of indicators. London: MAFF Publications, 2000.
[331] Morse S, Mcnamara N, Acholo M, et al. Sustainability indicators: the problem of integration. Sustainable development, 2001,9:1-15.
[332] Odum E P. Basic Ecoloy. Saunders College Publishing, 1983.
[333] Odum E P. Ecological Vignettes, ecological approaches to dealing with human predicaments. Harwood Academic Publishers, 1998.
[334] Odum H T. Self-orgnization, transformity, and information. Science,1988,242(25):1132-1139.
[335] Osinski E, Meier U, Buchs W, et ai. Application of biotic indicators for evaluation of sustainable land use——current procedures and future developments. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 2003, 98:407-421.
[336] Ou Yang J L. Sustainable land use scenarios analysis based on bio-economie farm household model: a case study in Quzhou County.Ph.D. research proposal,China agricultural university.2002.
[337] Pards K. Agricultural nutrient balances as agri-environmental indicators: an OECD perspective. Environmental Pollution, 1998,102(S1):219-225.
[338] Pasquini M W, Alexander M J. Chemical properties of urban waster ash produced by open burning on the Jos Plateau: implications for agriculture, the Science of the total Environment, 2004,3(19):225-240.
[339] Pease J, VanDyke L, Bosch D, et al. Nutrient Management Planning:Win/Win and We Can Do Better.http://www.ctic.purdue.edu.2003.
[340] Pervanchon F, Bockstaller C, Girardin P. Assessment of energy use in arable farming systems by means of an agro-ecological indicator: the energy indicator. Agricultural Systems, 2002,72:149-172.
[341] Phillis Y A, Andriantiatsaholiniaina L A. Sustainability: an ill-defined concept and its assessment using fuzzy logic. Ecological Economics, 2001, 37:435-456.
[342] Porter M E著,李明轩,邱如美译.国家竞争优势.北京:华夏出版社,The Free Press, 2002.
[343] Poaer M E著,高登第,李明轩译.竞争论.北京:中信出版社,Citic Publishing House, 2003.
[344] Praneetvatakul S, Janekamkij P, Potchanasin C, et al. Assessing the sustainability of agriculture, A case of Mae Chaem Catchment, northern Thailand.Environment International, 2001,27:103-109.
[345] Ragas A M J, Knapen M J, Van de Heuvel P J M, et al. Towards a sustainability indicator for production systems. J. cleaner prod., 1995, 3(1-2): 123-129.
[346] Rapport D J, Costanza R, Mcmichael A J. Assessing ecosystem health. Trends Ecol Evol, 1999,13:397—402.
[347] Rasul C, Thapa G B.SUStainability of ecological and conventional agricullural systems in Bangladesh: an assessment based on environmental, economic and social perspectives. Agricaltural Systeros, 2004, 79:327-351.
[348] Rebitzer G, Ekvall T, Frischknecht R. Life cycle assessment Part 1: Framework, goal and scope definition, inventory analysis, and applications. Environment IntematiOnal, 2004, 30:701-720.
[349] Reeves D w. The role of soil organic matter in maintaining soil quality in continuous cropping systems. Soil & Tillage Research, 1997, 43:131-167.
[350] Rigby D, WoodhOHSe P, Young T, et al. Constructing a farm level indicator of sustainable agrjcultural practice. Ecological Economics, 2001, 9:463-478.
[351] Roetter R P. veiniew of LUPAS methodology: concepts and tools applied IGSNRR. 中荷北京项目培训材料,2002.
[352] Roetter R, Hoarlh C T, Luat N V, et al. Exchange of methodologies in land use planning. Sysnet research paper series No.1. Grafisch Service centrum Van Gils B.V., Wageningen. 1998.
[353] Sands G R, Podmore T H. A generalized environmerltal sustainability index for agricultural systems. Agricullure, ecosystem and environment, 2000,79:29-41.
[354] Smith C S, McDonald G T, Thwaites R N. TIM: Assessing the sustainability of agricultural land management. Journal of Environmental Management, 2000, 60:267-288.
[355] Smith C S, McDorlald G T. Assessing the sustainability of agriculture at the planning stage. Journal of Environmental Management, 1998, 52:15-37.
[356] Smith D D, Bower T B, Tevera D. Urban poveny alld urball agriCUlture: An overview of the linkages in Harare. Habitat Intl, 1995,19(2):183-193.
[357] Spangenberg J H. Institutional sustainability indicators: an analysis of the institutions in agenda 21 and a draft set of indicators for monitoring their afiectiVity. SUStainable development, 2002, 10:103-115.
[358] Steinbom W, Svirezhev Y. Entropy as an indicator of sustainability in agro-ecosystems: Nonh Germally case study. Ecological Modelling, 2000, 133:247-257.
[359] Stevenson M, Lee H. Indicators of sustainability as a tool in agricultural development: partitioning scientific and participatory processes. Int. J. Dev. World Ecol, 2001, 8:57-65.
[360] Stoorvogel J J, Antle J M, Crissman C C, Bowerl W. The tradeoff analysis model: integrated bio-physical and economic modeling of agricultural production systems. Agricultural Systems, 2004, 80:43-66.
[361] Stoorvogel J J, Antle J M, Crissman C C. Trade-off analysis in the Northern Andes to study the dynamics in agricultural land use. Journal of Environmental Management, 2004, 72:23-33.
[362] Tellarini V, Caporali F. An input/output methodology to evaluate farms as sustainable agroecosystems: an application of indicators to farms in central Italy. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 2000, 77:111-123.
[363] The Nutrient Management Subcommittee of the Nonpoint Source Pollution Abatement Program Redesign. Nitrate in Groundwater-A Continuing Issue for Wisconsin Citizens. March. 1999.
[364] Tian S. Ecological ecorlomics in China: origins, dilemmas and prospects. Ecological economics, 2002, 41:5-20.
[365] van den Bergh J C J M, Verbruggen H. Spatial sustainability, trade and indicators: an evaluation of the 'ecological footprint'. Ecological Economics, 1999, 29:61-72.
[366] van der Werf H M G, Petit J. Evaluation of the environmental impact of agriculture at the farm level: a comparison and analysis of 12 indicator-based methods. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 2002, 93:131-145.
[367] Wall G, Mei G. On exergy and sustainable development-Part 1: Conditions and concepts. Exergy Int. J., 2001,1(3):128-145.
[368] Water Quality and the North Carolina Swine Industry. http://www.ces.ncsu.edu/whpaper/WQswine.html.March10.1995.