产业群落的空间演化模式研究
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摘要
随着世界经济全球化趋势的更加突出和明显,人们据此曾大胆预言世界产业布局将更加分散和均衡,但世界经济的布局并没有均衡化发展。相反,经济重心更趋向于地理集中,出现了产业更加集聚的空间现象——产业群落。产业群落是指基于一定的区域文化、制度背景,围绕某一特定产业的大量企业和相关机构通过竞争和合作关系,以专业化分工基本生产方式大量集聚于某一特定地区的产业空间组织。产业群落最显著的特征就是空间集聚性和产业关联性,作为一种新的产业空间组织模式,它是一种类似于生物有机体的自组织复杂适应性系统。它不仅主导了当今世界的经济地图,而且成为世界经济的增长引擎,成为经济最为活跃的区域,是世界经济地图财富与权力的聚集高地。
作为有效的空间组织模式,产业群落是区域发展的重要增长极、动力源和创新中心。产业群落作为一个世界性的经济现象,它不仅广发分布于发达国家,而且在广大发展中国家也大量存在。尽管产业群落很早就已经出现,但直到最近二十年才引起学术界的关注。目前产业群落已成为世界各国区域经济学、产业经济学、经济地理学和战略管理学等相关学科共同关注的热点和前沿领域。同时,也引起决策部门和规划部门的极大关注。总体而言,当前国内外关于产业群落的研究主要集中在产业群落的机理、技术创新、群落学习、社会资本、经济增长与产业群落的关系以及基于产业群落的产业政策和实证研究等方面。从现有文献看,产业群落的研究尽管取得了一些成果,理论体系也在不断完善中,但产业群落还属于一个较新的研究领域,研究时间较短,研究的方法和工具还欠缺,因此目前的研究仍有些缺陷与不足。特别是对产业群落成长机制和空间演化模式方面的研究还不多见。内生性产业群落受到学术界的追捧,而外生性产业群落尽管在经济发展中发挥越来越重要作用,却往往被研究产业群落的学者们所忽视;空间一直被主流经济学家所忽视,最近克鲁格曼和波特等一些学者开始关注空间的重要性,但产业群落的空间演进和空间产出机制却没有引起学者们更多的兴趣,产业群落的自组织演化模式研究还很薄弱。因此,研究产业群落的空间演化模式,具有重要的理论和实践意义。
在前人研究的基础上,本文另辟蹊径,主要从三个方面对产业群落进行了新的探索:一是将空间研究重新纳入产业群落研究的重点,将产业演化和空间演化相结合,明确提出了产业群落空间演化的三种模式:阶段渐进式、突变式和回旋式,并提出所有产业群落的空间演进都经历四个阶段:创生阶段、自增强阶段、
Along with the tendency of economic globalization becoming more prevailing and obvious, it was broadly predicted that the distribution of the world industry would be more scattered and balanced. However, the distribution hasn't developed into balance; on the contrary, economic activities tend to be geographically concentrated on some core locations with a spatial phenomenon—industrial cluster comes out, showing more intense agglomeration of industries spatially than ever before.Industrial clusters refer to the spatial industrial organizations gathering in certain areas by the means of spatial division of production and based on competition and cooperation between related enterprises of certain industries and relative institutions and local cultural and institutional backgrounds. In this, the main nature of industrial clusters is concerned with spatial agglomeration and industrial linkages. As a new mode of the spatial industrial organization, it's actually a complicated and self-organized system with strong ability of adaptation, similar to that of a living organism. Nowadays, it's not only dominated on the world map, but also the driving force of the global economy, as the most active areas of economic development and the highland of wealth and power around the world.As an effective mode of industrial spatial organization, industrial cluster acts as the important growth pole, source of impetus and an innovation center in the regional economy, enhancing its international competitiveness. Consequently, the rise of industrial clusters is now a worldwide phenomenon, distributing not only in developed countries, but also lots of developing countries. Moreover, even though emerged long time ago, it is in recent 20 years that has the academic cycle paid attention to it. And, it then becomes a hot and leading area of studies on regional and industrial economics, economic geography, strategic management and other relevant subjects around the world; and, also, is concerned by decision-making and planning departments of the state. Generally, the existing literature on industrial clusters has being focused on their mechanism, technology innovation, collective learning, social capital, relationship between economic growth and industrial clusters, industrial policy and case studies, etc.. And according to literatures, though research on industrial clusters has been proceeding soundly, defects and shortcomings still exist, and an overall framework has not been completed theoretically yet, because of as in a
new era, the shortage of time and lacking of proper methods and relative tools. Moreover, study on their growth mechanisms and spatial evolution models is still lacking in the literature. Specifically, internal-growth mode of the clusters has been intended highly in the academic cycle, while external-growth mode ignored, which has been playing more important role in the contemporary world; and also space is paid less attention by many economists, though it begins to be concerned by some scholars like P. Krugman and E. M. Porter, and spatial evolution and multiplication mechanism isn't within most scholars' interests. Therefore, by and large, it's weak in the scope of research on this area. Thus, it's meaningful to study spatial evolution model of the industrial clusters, from both theoretical and practical points of view.On the basis of existing literature, this thesis from a new angle explores this new area of the industrial clusters. Firstly, it re-includes spatial approach into the main research points on industrial clusters, combining industrial evolution and spatial evolution together and putting forward three modes of the clusters in spatial evolution: progressive mode, mode of mutation, mode of convolution; and meanwhile, four stages in spatial evolution: emerge stage, self-enhancement stage, stage of diffusion, and stage of spatial integration. Secondly, it considers industrial clusters as a complicated and self-organized system to inquire into the growth mechanism and path evolution of the clusters, from views of the sys
作为有效的空间组织模式,产业群落是区域发展的重要增长极、动力源和创新中心。产业群落作为一个世界性的经济现象,它不仅广发分布于发达国家,而且在广大发展中国家也大量存在。尽管产业群落很早就已经出现,但直到最近二十年才引起学术界的关注。目前产业群落已成为世界各国区域经济学、产业经济学、经济地理学和战略管理学等相关学科共同关注的热点和前沿领域。同时,也引起决策部门和规划部门的极大关注。总体而言,当前国内外关于产业群落的研究主要集中在产业群落的机理、技术创新、群落学习、社会资本、经济增长与产业群落的关系以及基于产业群落的产业政策和实证研究等方面。从现有文献看,产业群落的研究尽管取得了一些成果,理论体系也在不断完善中,但产业群落还属于一个较新的研究领域,研究时间较短,研究的方法和工具还欠缺,因此目前的研究仍有些缺陷与不足。特别是对产业群落成长机制和空间演化模式方面的研究还不多见。内生性产业群落受到学术界的追捧,而外生性产业群落尽管在经济发展中发挥越来越重要作用,却往往被研究产业群落的学者们所忽视;空间一直被主流经济学家所忽视,最近克鲁格曼和波特等一些学者开始关注空间的重要性,但产业群落的空间演进和空间产出机制却没有引起学者们更多的兴趣,产业群落的自组织演化模式研究还很薄弱。因此,研究产业群落的空间演化模式,具有重要的理论和实践意义。
在前人研究的基础上,本文另辟蹊径,主要从三个方面对产业群落进行了新的探索:一是将空间研究重新纳入产业群落研究的重点,将产业演化和空间演化相结合,明确提出了产业群落空间演化的三种模式:阶段渐进式、突变式和回旋式,并提出所有产业群落的空间演进都经历四个阶段:创生阶段、自增强阶段、
Along with the tendency of economic globalization becoming more prevailing and obvious, it was broadly predicted that the distribution of the world industry would be more scattered and balanced. However, the distribution hasn't developed into balance; on the contrary, economic activities tend to be geographically concentrated on some core locations with a spatial phenomenon—industrial cluster comes out, showing more intense agglomeration of industries spatially than ever before.Industrial clusters refer to the spatial industrial organizations gathering in certain areas by the means of spatial division of production and based on competition and cooperation between related enterprises of certain industries and relative institutions and local cultural and institutional backgrounds. In this, the main nature of industrial clusters is concerned with spatial agglomeration and industrial linkages. As a new mode of the spatial industrial organization, it's actually a complicated and self-organized system with strong ability of adaptation, similar to that of a living organism. Nowadays, it's not only dominated on the world map, but also the driving force of the global economy, as the most active areas of economic development and the highland of wealth and power around the world.As an effective mode of industrial spatial organization, industrial cluster acts as the important growth pole, source of impetus and an innovation center in the regional economy, enhancing its international competitiveness. Consequently, the rise of industrial clusters is now a worldwide phenomenon, distributing not only in developed countries, but also lots of developing countries. Moreover, even though emerged long time ago, it is in recent 20 years that has the academic cycle paid attention to it. And, it then becomes a hot and leading area of studies on regional and industrial economics, economic geography, strategic management and other relevant subjects around the world; and, also, is concerned by decision-making and planning departments of the state. Generally, the existing literature on industrial clusters has being focused on their mechanism, technology innovation, collective learning, social capital, relationship between economic growth and industrial clusters, industrial policy and case studies, etc.. And according to literatures, though research on industrial clusters has been proceeding soundly, defects and shortcomings still exist, and an overall framework has not been completed theoretically yet, because of as in a
new era, the shortage of time and lacking of proper methods and relative tools. Moreover, study on their growth mechanisms and spatial evolution models is still lacking in the literature. Specifically, internal-growth mode of the clusters has been intended highly in the academic cycle, while external-growth mode ignored, which has been playing more important role in the contemporary world; and also space is paid less attention by many economists, though it begins to be concerned by some scholars like P. Krugman and E. M. Porter, and spatial evolution and multiplication mechanism isn't within most scholars' interests. Therefore, by and large, it's weak in the scope of research on this area. Thus, it's meaningful to study spatial evolution model of the industrial clusters, from both theoretical and practical points of view.On the basis of existing literature, this thesis from a new angle explores this new area of the industrial clusters. Firstly, it re-includes spatial approach into the main research points on industrial clusters, combining industrial evolution and spatial evolution together and putting forward three modes of the clusters in spatial evolution: progressive mode, mode of mutation, mode of convolution; and meanwhile, four stages in spatial evolution: emerge stage, self-enhancement stage, stage of diffusion, and stage of spatial integration. Secondly, it considers industrial clusters as a complicated and self-organized system to inquire into the growth mechanism and path evolution of the clusters, from views of the sys
引文
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