区域中小企业创新网络评价与构建研究：理论与实证
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摘要
中小企业以网络形式存在和发展已经成为普遍现象,因而,中小企业创新网络也成为国内外理论工作者研究的前沿问题。
本文通过大量的文献综述和理论探讨,提出了中小企业创新网络的定义,并且对内涵进行分析,揭示创新网络的特征与功能。从不同角度对创新网络进行分类,从而提出了区域中小企业创新网络的基本形式。从理论上分析基本形式网络中结点的功能与作用,提出区域中小企业创新网络生命周期划分理论。
通过深入绍兴、宁波、义乌、永康、温州等地访问调查,本文归纳了浙江省中小企业创新网络的形成过程与地理分布特征等。提出了浙江中小企业创新网络的形成机理,即,在历史、需求拉动、大企业的衍生等诱因下,在区域文化环境作用下,通过中小企业的地理集聚而自发形成。本文揭示了浙江省中小企业创新网络的特征、发展阶段等理论问题。
同时,文章还对浙江省轻纺企业创新网络进行了实证调查研究,应用SNA模型和UCINE76.0软件对浙江省轻纺企业创新网络的结构属性进行计算。结果表明,浙江省轻纺企业创新网络的中心化程度较高,结点各种中心度不均衡,存在切点、中心区和边缘区等特性。揭示了7个专业市场、绍兴轻纺科技中心、浙江理工大学等处于网络中心结点位置的规律。指出了浙江省轻纺企业创新网络的结点功能低、关系链具有凝固性等问题。
文章进一步抽样浙江省264家中小企业进行问卷调查,利用问卷调查数据,对中小企业的网络联结强度与企业创新绩效进行统计分析。结果表明,两者存在显著相关性。说明了中小企业构建外部创新网络联结能够促进其创新绩效的提高。统计分析结果表明,中小企业与供应商、科研机构、科技服务中介、客户间联结对创新绩效影响尤为显著。但是,应用DEA模型分析结果表明,不同行业的中小企业构建外部网络联结对创新绩效的影响程度不同,其中,IT、轻纺、医药、建筑、化工等行业的中小企业创新网络相对效率最高。
基于理论分析和浙江省中小企业创新网络的实证研究,本文从宏观和微观两个层次提出了构建和进一步完善区域中小企业创新网络的政策建议。指出必须从提升专业市场、建设小城镇等方面着手,提升浙江省中小企业创新网络的功能。
It is common phenomenon that small and medium enterprises exist and develop in clustering form . Therefore, the innovation network of small and medium enterprise has become frontier problem of theoretic researching in both domestic and abroad.Based on literature reviews and theoretic study, the dissertation defines the innovation network of small and medium enterprise, analyzes its meanings, reveals the features and functions of innovation networks. Various classifications of innovation networks have been discussed, and the The basic form of the network is presented. The functions and roles of nodes in the basic innovation network have been discussed, and the life cycle theory of regional small & medium business innovation network has been concluded.Based on investigation in the place of Shaoxing, Ningbo, Yiwu, Yongkan, Wenzhou, etc., the dessertation concludes the formation processes, geographical features of Zhejiang small and medium enterprise innovation network. It puts forward the formation mechanism of Zhejiang small and medium enterprise innovation network, i.e., in inducement of historical factor, demand pull, spinoff of large enterprise, etc.. It is spontaneously formed as small and medium enterprise clustering under regional cultural environment. It reveals theoretically general attributes, development stages of Zhejiang small and medium enterprise innovation networks.Meanwhile, investigations on textile and garment industrial innovation network of Zhejiang Province have been conducted. Using SNA models and UCINET 6.0 software, the structure attributes of the innovation network are computered. The results show that the degree centralization of the innovation network is high, the degree centrality, betweeness centrality and closeness centrality are imbalanced, there are Outpoints, core and periphery regions in the innovation network, etc.. The severn "trade centers", Shaoxing Textile and Garment Technology Center, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, etc.. are in the position of the network. It is revealed that the function of Zhejiang Textile and Garment Enterprise Innovation Network is low, and its linkages are rigid.Furthermore, surveys on 264 small and medium enterprises of Zhejiang Province have been done. In basis of the survey data, the degrees of net tie connection and innovation performances are statistically analyzed. The results show that they are significantly high correlated. It illuminates that building of outside innovation network would increase innovation performances of small and medium enterprises. The statistical analysis results show that the net ties to supplier, research institution, scientific and technological agency, client are significant important to the innovative performance of small and medium enterprise. But the results of DEA models show that to build outside network tie connections the degrees of their impacts on innovation performances of small and medium enterprise
are quite different between industries, especially, the industries of IT, textile and garment, pharmacy, construction, chemicals, etc., have high relative conversion efficiency of small and medium enterprise innovation network.In basis of theoretic analysis and case studies of Zhejiang Provincial small and medium enterprise innovation networks above, the dissertation puts forward policy suggestions to build and improve regional small and medium enterprise innovation networks in the macro and micro levels. It suggests that the functions of Zhejiang small and medium business innovation networks be advanced based on updating of "trade centers" and construction of small towns, etc..
本文通过大量的文献综述和理论探讨,提出了中小企业创新网络的定义,并且对内涵进行分析,揭示创新网络的特征与功能。从不同角度对创新网络进行分类,从而提出了区域中小企业创新网络的基本形式。从理论上分析基本形式网络中结点的功能与作用,提出区域中小企业创新网络生命周期划分理论。
通过深入绍兴、宁波、义乌、永康、温州等地访问调查,本文归纳了浙江省中小企业创新网络的形成过程与地理分布特征等。提出了浙江中小企业创新网络的形成机理,即,在历史、需求拉动、大企业的衍生等诱因下,在区域文化环境作用下,通过中小企业的地理集聚而自发形成。本文揭示了浙江省中小企业创新网络的特征、发展阶段等理论问题。
同时,文章还对浙江省轻纺企业创新网络进行了实证调查研究,应用SNA模型和UCINE76.0软件对浙江省轻纺企业创新网络的结构属性进行计算。结果表明,浙江省轻纺企业创新网络的中心化程度较高,结点各种中心度不均衡,存在切点、中心区和边缘区等特性。揭示了7个专业市场、绍兴轻纺科技中心、浙江理工大学等处于网络中心结点位置的规律。指出了浙江省轻纺企业创新网络的结点功能低、关系链具有凝固性等问题。
文章进一步抽样浙江省264家中小企业进行问卷调查,利用问卷调查数据,对中小企业的网络联结强度与企业创新绩效进行统计分析。结果表明,两者存在显著相关性。说明了中小企业构建外部创新网络联结能够促进其创新绩效的提高。统计分析结果表明,中小企业与供应商、科研机构、科技服务中介、客户间联结对创新绩效影响尤为显著。但是,应用DEA模型分析结果表明,不同行业的中小企业构建外部网络联结对创新绩效的影响程度不同,其中,IT、轻纺、医药、建筑、化工等行业的中小企业创新网络相对效率最高。
基于理论分析和浙江省中小企业创新网络的实证研究,本文从宏观和微观两个层次提出了构建和进一步完善区域中小企业创新网络的政策建议。指出必须从提升专业市场、建设小城镇等方面着手,提升浙江省中小企业创新网络的功能。
It is common phenomenon that small and medium enterprises exist and develop in clustering form . Therefore, the innovation network of small and medium enterprise has become frontier problem of theoretic researching in both domestic and abroad.Based on literature reviews and theoretic study, the dissertation defines the innovation network of small and medium enterprise, analyzes its meanings, reveals the features and functions of innovation networks. Various classifications of innovation networks have been discussed, and the The basic form of the network is presented. The functions and roles of nodes in the basic innovation network have been discussed, and the life cycle theory of regional small & medium business innovation network has been concluded.Based on investigation in the place of Shaoxing, Ningbo, Yiwu, Yongkan, Wenzhou, etc., the dessertation concludes the formation processes, geographical features of Zhejiang small and medium enterprise innovation network. It puts forward the formation mechanism of Zhejiang small and medium enterprise innovation network, i.e., in inducement of historical factor, demand pull, spinoff of large enterprise, etc.. It is spontaneously formed as small and medium enterprise clustering under regional cultural environment. It reveals theoretically general attributes, development stages of Zhejiang small and medium enterprise innovation networks.Meanwhile, investigations on textile and garment industrial innovation network of Zhejiang Province have been conducted. Using SNA models and UCINET 6.0 software, the structure attributes of the innovation network are computered. The results show that the degree centralization of the innovation network is high, the degree centrality, betweeness centrality and closeness centrality are imbalanced, there are Outpoints, core and periphery regions in the innovation network, etc.. The severn "trade centers", Shaoxing Textile and Garment Technology Center, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, etc.. are in the position of the network. It is revealed that the function of Zhejiang Textile and Garment Enterprise Innovation Network is low, and its linkages are rigid.Furthermore, surveys on 264 small and medium enterprises of Zhejiang Province have been done. In basis of the survey data, the degrees of net tie connection and innovation performances are statistically analyzed. The results show that they are significantly high correlated. It illuminates that building of outside innovation network would increase innovation performances of small and medium enterprises. The statistical analysis results show that the net ties to supplier, research institution, scientific and technological agency, client are significant important to the innovative performance of small and medium enterprise. But the results of DEA models show that to build outside network tie connections the degrees of their impacts on innovation performances of small and medium enterprise
are quite different between industries, especially, the industries of IT, textile and garment, pharmacy, construction, chemicals, etc., have high relative conversion efficiency of small and medium enterprise innovation network.In basis of theoretic analysis and case studies of Zhejiang Provincial small and medium enterprise innovation networks above, the dissertation puts forward policy suggestions to build and improve regional small and medium enterprise innovation networks in the macro and micro levels. It suggests that the functions of Zhejiang small and medium business innovation networks be advanced based on updating of "trade centers" and construction of small towns, etc..
引文
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