北大港水库水质安全研究
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摘要
水质安全是经济和社会可持续发展的基础。随着外源污染控制技术的不断发展和治理技术的不断提高,内源污染治理问题受到了决策者和科研工作者的极大关注。当底泥上覆水体污染物含量减少或水体受到扰动时,大量的底泥污染物会被释放出来,对水体造成污染,要解决此问题,需要对水污染防治措施及底泥释放机理有全面的认识和了解。
本文以北大港水库为例,运用数值模拟方法进行了水质模拟研究,并通过优化调度方式,确保水库水质安全,并通过对底泥污染物释放的模拟分析得出底泥释放的影响因素,为水质安全研究提供科学依据。北大港水库存在严重的底泥污染问题,作为天津市最大的平原水库和南水北调调蓄水库,2013年起将调蓄南水北调东线来水4.5-5亿m3。
首先,建立三维水动力水质耦合模型,以氯离子为水质模拟指标,对水库水体氯离子迁移及底泥氯离子的释放进行模拟,并通过对水位及水体氯离子浓度的模拟值与实测值的比较,验证了模型的可靠性。
其次,通过对底泥释放的模拟分析得出:底泥氯离子的释放量和释放速度与底泥、水体污染物的浓度差及其上覆水体的流速成正比。
最后,运用上述模型,对北大港水库设置了三种典型蓄供水方案,分别进行了水动力及水质模拟研究,通过对各运行方式的流场、水质的分析比较,选出了较合理的方案,即主辅库联合调度方案。
The safety of water quality is the basis of sustainable development of the economy and society. After the external pollution had been controlled, the endogenous pollution caused by polluted sediment has been paid close attention by decision makers and scientists. When the concentration of the water pollutant is declined or the water is disturbed, the pollutant in the sediment will release and get into the water. Before discussing how to solve the problem, the knowledge about water pollution control and the mechanism of sediment release is needed.
This paper takes Beidagang reservoir as an example, and describes the dynamic process in the simulation of water quality, and the general rules about the release of contamination in sediment were obtained. The results obtained in the study might provide scientific references for the research of the water quality safety. As the largest plain reservoir of Tianjin and a regulating reservoir for South-to-North Water Transfer Project, its sediment was polluted seriously and the storage capacity of Beidagang reservoir will come to 450-500 million m3 since 2013.
Firstly, a 3-D hydrodynamic and water quality model was established. And taking Cl- as simulation index, the transportation of Cl-, which is in water body and sediment, was simulated. In addition, through comparing data collected from field-based measurement and calculation results, the model was calibrated.
Secondly, through simulating the concentration variations of Cl- in the sediment, it is concluded that the quantity of contamination released from the sediment and the release rate is directly in proportion to the flow velocity and the concentration interval of contamination between sediment and water.
Finally, using the model established and calibrated above, three operating conditions of the reservoir were simulated. Through analyzing the flow field and comparing the quality of water supply, the best one was selected.
本文以北大港水库为例,运用数值模拟方法进行了水质模拟研究,并通过优化调度方式,确保水库水质安全,并通过对底泥污染物释放的模拟分析得出底泥释放的影响因素,为水质安全研究提供科学依据。北大港水库存在严重的底泥污染问题,作为天津市最大的平原水库和南水北调调蓄水库,2013年起将调蓄南水北调东线来水4.5-5亿m3。
首先,建立三维水动力水质耦合模型,以氯离子为水质模拟指标,对水库水体氯离子迁移及底泥氯离子的释放进行模拟,并通过对水位及水体氯离子浓度的模拟值与实测值的比较,验证了模型的可靠性。
其次,通过对底泥释放的模拟分析得出:底泥氯离子的释放量和释放速度与底泥、水体污染物的浓度差及其上覆水体的流速成正比。
最后,运用上述模型,对北大港水库设置了三种典型蓄供水方案,分别进行了水动力及水质模拟研究,通过对各运行方式的流场、水质的分析比较,选出了较合理的方案,即主辅库联合调度方案。
The safety of water quality is the basis of sustainable development of the economy and society. After the external pollution had been controlled, the endogenous pollution caused by polluted sediment has been paid close attention by decision makers and scientists. When the concentration of the water pollutant is declined or the water is disturbed, the pollutant in the sediment will release and get into the water. Before discussing how to solve the problem, the knowledge about water pollution control and the mechanism of sediment release is needed.
This paper takes Beidagang reservoir as an example, and describes the dynamic process in the simulation of water quality, and the general rules about the release of contamination in sediment were obtained. The results obtained in the study might provide scientific references for the research of the water quality safety. As the largest plain reservoir of Tianjin and a regulating reservoir for South-to-North Water Transfer Project, its sediment was polluted seriously and the storage capacity of Beidagang reservoir will come to 450-500 million m3 since 2013.
Firstly, a 3-D hydrodynamic and water quality model was established. And taking Cl- as simulation index, the transportation of Cl-, which is in water body and sediment, was simulated. In addition, through comparing data collected from field-based measurement and calculation results, the model was calibrated.
Secondly, through simulating the concentration variations of Cl- in the sediment, it is concluded that the quantity of contamination released from the sediment and the release rate is directly in proportion to the flow velocity and the concentration interval of contamination between sediment and water.
Finally, using the model established and calibrated above, three operating conditions of the reservoir were simulated. Through analyzing the flow field and comparing the quality of water supply, the best one was selected.
引文
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[ 2 ]朱党生,王超.水资源保护规划理论及技术[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2000:136.
[ 3 ]陆渝蓉.地球水环境学[M].南京:南京大学出版社,1999:261-265.
[ 4 ]张永良,刘培哲.水环境容量综合手册[M].北京:清华大学出版社,1991.
[ 5 ]郭玲,武海顺,金志浩.泥沙对天然水体中有机污染物净化的模拟研究[J].山西师范大学学报(自然科学版),2002,16(4):38-40.
[ 6 ]徐恒力.水资源开发与保护[M].北京:地质出版社,2001:8.
[ 7 ]郭劲松,龙腾锐,霍国友等.四种水质综合评价方法的比较[J].重庆建筑大学学报,2000,22(4):6-12.
[ 8 ]朱静平.几种水环境质量综合评价方法的探讨[J].西南科技大学学报,2002,17(4):62-67.
[ 9 ]徐祖信.我国河流单因子水质标识指数评价方法研究[J].同济大学学报(自然科学版),2005,33(3):321-325.
[ 10 ]衣强,毛战坡,彭文启.饮用水水源地评价方法研究[J].给水排水,2006,32:6-10.
[ 11 ]徐孝平.环境水力学[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,1987:88.
[ 12 ]李继选,王军.水环境数学模型研究进展[J].水资源保护,2006,22(1):9-14.
[ 13 ] CHAU K W, JIANG Y W. Simulation of trans-boundary pollutant transport action in the Pearl River delta[J].Chemosphere,2003 (9):1615-1621.
[ 14 ] SALTERAIN A. Development and verification of a new simulation tool forwater quality prediction in the Ebro river progress in water resources [J].Water Pollution VII: Modeling, Measuring and Prediction, 2003(9):13-22.
[ 15 ]苏保林,王建平,贾海峰.密云水库流域非点源模型系统[J].清华大学学报(自然科学版),2006,46(3):355-359.
[ 16 ]李运来.官厅水库水质趋势分析及对策研究[J].水污染防治,2007:56-57.
[ 17 ]赵玉华,傅金祥,孙凤海.白石水库有机污染数学模拟预测研究[J].环境工程,2002,20(1):64-66.
[ 18 ]王莉.环境影响评价中常用水质模型的应用研究[D].兰州大学,2006.
[ 19 ]金相灿,尚榆民,徐南妮等.湖泊富营养化控制与管理技术[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2001:87-89.
[ 20 ] Hong W, Adhityan A, John S G. Modeling of phosphorus dynamics in aquatic sediments: I—model development [J]. Water Research, 2003, 37: 3928-3938.
[ 21 ]李剑超,褚君达,丰华丽.河流底泥冲刷悬浮对水质影响途径的实验研究[J].长江流域资源与环境,2002,11(2):137-140.
[ 22 ]贺宝根,周乃晟,顾群.苏州河污染底泥处理的合理措施[J].上海师范大学学报(自然科学版),1997,26(4):54-61.
[ 23 ] Mortimer C H. The exchange of dissolved substances between mud and water in lakes [J]. International Journal of Ecology, 1941, 29: 280-329.
[ 24 ]褚君达,徐惠慈.河流底泥冲刷沉降对水质影响的研究[J].水利学报,1994,(11):42-47.
[ 25 ] James R. Thomas, Victor J., Bierman Jr. A preliminary modeling analysis of water quality in Lake Okeechobee, Florida: Calibration results. Wat. Res., 1995, 29(12): 2755-2766.
[ 26 ] Carpenter S.R., Ludwig D., Brock W.A. Management of eutrophication for lakes subject to potentially irreversible change. Eco. App. l, 1999, 9(3): 751-771.
[ 27 ] Srinivasu P. D. N. Regime shifts in eutrophied lakes: A mathematical study. Ecological Modeling, 2004, 197(2): 115-130.
[ 28 ] Chen XinJian, ASCE M., Sheng Y. Peter, et al. Three-dimensional modeling of sediment and phosphorus dynamics in Lake Okeechobee, Florida: Spring 1989 Simulation. Journal of Environmental Engineering, 2005, 131(1): 359-374.
[ 29 ] Wu F, Qing H, Wan G. Regeneration of N, P and Si near the sediment/water interface of lakes from southwestern china Plateau. Water Research, 2001, 35(5):1334-1337.
[ 30 ] Portielje R. Lambertus L. Estimation of sediment-water exchange of solutes in Lake Veluwe, the Netherlands. Water Research, 1999. 33(1):279-285.
[ 31 ] Xie L Q,Xie P, Tang H J. Enhancement of dissolved Phosphorus release from sediment to lake water by Microcystis blooms-an enclosure experiment in a hyper-eutrophic, subtropical Chinese lake. Environmental Pollution, 2003, 122:391-399.
[ 32 ]王兴奎,邵学军,李丹勋等.河流动力学基础[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2002:4.
[ 33 ]秦伯强,朱广伟,张路等.大型浅水湖泊沉积物内源营养盐释放模式及其估算方法—以太湖为例[J].中国科学D辑地球科学,2005,35(增刊Ⅱ):33-44.
[ 34 ]李剑超.河湖底泥有机污染物迁移转化规律研究[D].河海大学,2002.
[ 35 ]龚春生,姚琪,赵棣华等.浅水湖泊平面二维水流-水质-底泥污染模型研究[J].水科学进展,2006,17(4):496-501.
[ 36 ]罗潋葱,秦伯强,朱广伟等.动力扰动下太湖梅梁湾水沉积物界面的营养盐释放通量[J].中国科学D辑地球科学,2005,35(增刊Ⅱ):166-172.
[ 37 ]孙小静,张战平,朱广伟等.浅水湖泊沉积物磷释放的波浪水槽试验研究[J].中国科学D辑地球科学,2005,35(增刊Ⅱ):81-89.
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