基于技术扩散视角的信息化与工业化融合研究
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摘要
区别于发达国家轻纺工业起步的工业化模式,中国的工业化选择了“优先发展重化工业和国防工业”的超常规道路。改革开放以来,我国工业综合实力不断增强,中国已成为世界工业大国。作为在中国经济中发展最快、规模最大、影响最广同时对改革开放最为敏感的产业,工业在国民经济中的地位是不可动摇的。但同发达国家相比,仍然存在增长方式粗放、结构不尽合理、核心技术和关键装备以来进口、出口产品以初级制成品为主、大量落后产能亟需淘汰、企业综合竞争力不强等深层次矛盾和问题。
上世纪80年代提出“第三次技术革命”以来,信息化浪潮席卷全球,世界各地都把加快信息化建设作为经济和社会发展的一项战略重点,把提高信息化水平作为提升国际竞争力、提高现代化程度和增强综合国力的重大举措。可见,信息化带动工业化是一场技术和社会革命。党中央、国务院审时度势,在党的十六大中提出了信息时代下的工业化发展方向,即走一条科技含量高、经济效益好、资源消耗低、环境污染少、人力资源优势得到充分发挥的新型工业化道路,并把信息化与工业化融合作为实现新型工业化道路的必然选择。
信息化与工业化融合的本质在于信息技术在工业领域的广泛应用,即信息技术在技术创新的基础上进一步推广到潜在采用企业中去,一项技术只有在被新技术替代之前得到有效的推广,才能使其社会效应得以发挥。因此,技术扩散,作为技术创新的后续子过程,在信息化与工业化融合过程中起着不可替代的作用
本文首先对技术创新扩散及信息化与工业化融合的基础知识进行了介绍;然后基于技术扩散视角,从企业、产业及区域三层次考虑信息化与工业化融合的过程与影响因素,并相应给出过程模型及影响因素模型;在此基础上,利用调研数据对影响指标进行信度效度分析;最后,针对已证实的层次影响因素提出“两化”融合对策,为信息化与工业化融合地顺利开展提供一定帮助。
Different from the industrialization model starting with the light and textile industries in developed countries, China's industrialization has chosen the super-normal path of "priority development of heavy chemical industry and defense industry". Since the reform and opening up, China's industrial comprehensive strength has increased continuously, China has become the world's major industrial country.As the fastest-growing, largest,most influential and most sensitive industry in China's economy, the status of industry is unshakable in the national economy. However, in comparison with the developed countries, there still remains some deep -rooted contradictions and problems, for instance,growth mode is extensive, structure is not entirely reasonable, the core technology and key equipment rely on imports, exports mainly primary products to manufactured goods ,a large number of backward production capacity need be eliminated, integrated enterprise is less competitive.
Since the third technological revolution has been put forward in the 80s of the last century, the information technology has swept the globe, the informationization is regarded as the strategic focus of the economic and social development all over the world, and the level of informationization is regarded as the significant measure of improving international competition, modernization and comprehensive national strength. It is thus clear that using IT to drive industriakization is a technological and social revolution. The Central Committee and the State Council have rapidly sized up the situation and put forward the direction of industrialization in the information age, that is to take a new trail to industrialization featuring high scientific and technological content, good economic returns, low resources consumption, little environmental pollution and a full display of advantages in human resources. At the same time, the integration of information technology and industrialization is considered to be the inevitable choice to realize the new pattern of industrialization.
The essence of information technology and industrialization integration is the widely application and extension of information technology in the industrial field. In other words, information technology can be further extended to the potential users of the enterprise on the basis of technical innovation. The technology can only play its social effects when it is generalized effectively before being replaced by the new technology. Therefore, technology diffusion, as the follow-up sub-processes of technological innovation, plays an irreplaceable role in the process of information technology and industrialization integration.
Firstly, it introduces the basic knowledge of technological innovation diffusion and information technology and industrialization integration in this paper. Secondly, on the base of the perspective of technology diffusion, the corresponding process model and influencing factors model are given while the process and influence factors of information technology and industrialization integration is discussed centred around the enterprise layer, industry layer and regional layer. On that basis, the reliability and validity analysis is made of the impact indicators using study data. Finally, aimed at the level influencing factors which are confirmed by experience, measures are proposed, which may give some help for the smooth development of information technology and industrialization integration.
上世纪80年代提出“第三次技术革命”以来,信息化浪潮席卷全球,世界各地都把加快信息化建设作为经济和社会发展的一项战略重点,把提高信息化水平作为提升国际竞争力、提高现代化程度和增强综合国力的重大举措。可见,信息化带动工业化是一场技术和社会革命。党中央、国务院审时度势,在党的十六大中提出了信息时代下的工业化发展方向,即走一条科技含量高、经济效益好、资源消耗低、环境污染少、人力资源优势得到充分发挥的新型工业化道路,并把信息化与工业化融合作为实现新型工业化道路的必然选择。
信息化与工业化融合的本质在于信息技术在工业领域的广泛应用,即信息技术在技术创新的基础上进一步推广到潜在采用企业中去,一项技术只有在被新技术替代之前得到有效的推广,才能使其社会效应得以发挥。因此,技术扩散,作为技术创新的后续子过程,在信息化与工业化融合过程中起着不可替代的作用
本文首先对技术创新扩散及信息化与工业化融合的基础知识进行了介绍;然后基于技术扩散视角,从企业、产业及区域三层次考虑信息化与工业化融合的过程与影响因素,并相应给出过程模型及影响因素模型;在此基础上,利用调研数据对影响指标进行信度效度分析;最后,针对已证实的层次影响因素提出“两化”融合对策,为信息化与工业化融合地顺利开展提供一定帮助。
Different from the industrialization model starting with the light and textile industries in developed countries, China's industrialization has chosen the super-normal path of "priority development of heavy chemical industry and defense industry". Since the reform and opening up, China's industrial comprehensive strength has increased continuously, China has become the world's major industrial country.As the fastest-growing, largest,most influential and most sensitive industry in China's economy, the status of industry is unshakable in the national economy. However, in comparison with the developed countries, there still remains some deep -rooted contradictions and problems, for instance,growth mode is extensive, structure is not entirely reasonable, the core technology and key equipment rely on imports, exports mainly primary products to manufactured goods ,a large number of backward production capacity need be eliminated, integrated enterprise is less competitive.
Since the third technological revolution has been put forward in the 80s of the last century, the information technology has swept the globe, the informationization is regarded as the strategic focus of the economic and social development all over the world, and the level of informationization is regarded as the significant measure of improving international competition, modernization and comprehensive national strength. It is thus clear that using IT to drive industriakization is a technological and social revolution. The Central Committee and the State Council have rapidly sized up the situation and put forward the direction of industrialization in the information age, that is to take a new trail to industrialization featuring high scientific and technological content, good economic returns, low resources consumption, little environmental pollution and a full display of advantages in human resources. At the same time, the integration of information technology and industrialization is considered to be the inevitable choice to realize the new pattern of industrialization.
The essence of information technology and industrialization integration is the widely application and extension of information technology in the industrial field. In other words, information technology can be further extended to the potential users of the enterprise on the basis of technical innovation. The technology can only play its social effects when it is generalized effectively before being replaced by the new technology. Therefore, technology diffusion, as the follow-up sub-processes of technological innovation, plays an irreplaceable role in the process of information technology and industrialization integration.
Firstly, it introduces the basic knowledge of technological innovation diffusion and information technology and industrialization integration in this paper. Secondly, on the base of the perspective of technology diffusion, the corresponding process model and influencing factors model are given while the process and influence factors of information technology and industrialization integration is discussed centred around the enterprise layer, industry layer and regional layer. On that basis, the reliability and validity analysis is made of the impact indicators using study data. Finally, aimed at the level influencing factors which are confirmed by experience, measures are proposed, which may give some help for the smooth development of information technology and industrialization integration.
引文
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[29]张海涛,辛立艳.信息化与工业化微观层面融合的价值计量分析[J].学习与探索, 2009(04)
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