我国快递公司区域物流策略联盟形成研究
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摘要
随着我国国内快递物流服务业对外资企业的逐步开放,国内快递公司物流技术落后、物流效率较低,同时区域内存在重复建设,物流总体效率低下。在国家将物流业作为国家十大振兴产业发展的要求下,本研究运用社会学、组织行为学、经济学、系统科学等理论就我国快递公司区域物流策略联盟的形成进行理论研究,通过对我国快递公司在区域内形成物流策略联盟的可能性进行调研,对我国快递公司区域物流策略联盟形成的动因因素进行深入的研究,通过建立结构方程模型研究动因因素之间的相互关系,形成我国快递公司区域物流策略联盟形成影响因素的结构方程模型。
第一部分,对与本文研究相关的区域物流、资源整合、策略联盟方向进行文献综述,研究目前理论以及实务发展现状,同时对区域物流策略联盟整体的研究情况进行文献综述。通过文献综述,了解到目前对快递公司区域物流策略联盟的理论研究还在起步阶段,部分区域的快递行业也在积极探索联盟形成的方式,如上海市快递公司联合组建的“快递物流超市”就是一种策略联盟模式的探索。然而对于快递公司区域物流策略联盟形成研究的理论知识研究比较欠缺,更缺乏实证研究的文章。
第二部分,运用战略联盟理论,从资源整合的角度,对我国快递公司区域物流策略联盟的形成进行探索,并提出区域物流策略联盟的定义,并分析区域物流策略联盟的优缺点。本文对区域物流策略联盟的界定为国内快递市场中的非邮政快递物流企业和从事同城快递业务的企业在一定区域内,通过建立一定的策略联盟。联盟可以通过共同出资成立新公司、或是结盟各方相互投资且批次持有对方的股权、或是形成功能性协定策略联盟来达到整合资源,共同取得市场经营地位的联盟。同时区域物流策略联盟具有减低成本、降低风险和高的组织弹性的优点,又存在这成员的投机行为以及管理监督难以实施的缺点。
第三部分,分别从策略联盟伙伴关系、策略联盟组织因素、策略联盟动因因素、策略联盟认可程度四个方面对快递公司区域物流策略联盟形成因素进行研究。策略联盟伙伴关系因素主要包含相互信任关系、相互承诺关系、互动协调关系、意见沟通、目标一致关系等；策略联盟组织因素主要包含联盟成员权利与责任具体化、联盟组织成员对联盟的高度重视、联盟组织正式化等；策略联盟动因因素主要包含经济动机、策略动机和市场动机；策略联盟认可程度因素主要包含联盟能够帮助成员降低运营成本、提高物流运送效率、提高顾客满意度、加快与上游供应商的沟通速度等等。
第四部分,通过对市场宏观条件以及快递公司目前的运营现状的分析,建立快递公司区域物流策略联盟形成的动力模型。
第五部分,采用问卷调查、统计分析的方法,对本文研究我国快递公司区域物流策略联盟形成影响因素所设计的问卷进行统计验证与归纳,统计结果验证了本文已有文献和本文论点的结果；本文运用结构方程模型验证了我国快递公司区域物流策略联盟形成影响因素即策略联盟伙伴关系、策略联盟组织因素、策略联盟动因因素、策略联盟认可程度之间的相关性,并构建了我国快递公司区域物流策略联盟形成影响因素的结构方程概念模型和数理模型。通过对我国快递公司区域物流策略联盟形成影响因素的结构方程数理模型的分析,得出结论,提出区域物流策略联盟形成的建议,为快递业管理机构和快递公司决策管理者提供理论基础和实践建议。
As the opening up of China's domestic express logistics industry gradually, China's domestic express logistics enterprises, compared with foreign-funded express logistic enterprises, show those backward logistics technology and lower logistics efficiency. What's more, the overall logistic efficiency is at a lower level because of duplication within the same region. Thus, in the context of logistics industry rejuvenation and development, this study will research the possibility that express logistics enterprises form regional logistics alliance strategy in the application of sociology, organizational behavior, economics, and systems theory. On this basis, the study will also research the factors in motivating the regional logistics alliance strategy's formation. Then, the relationship of the motivation factors will be studied by structural equation modeling. These above are precisely the issues to be focused in the "express enterprise forming regional logistics alliance strategy" structural equation modeling.
The first part of this study will review the relevant theory including regional logistics, resource integration, and strategic alliance. And the study also research how the development of those theory and practice impact forming regional logistics alliance strategy based on previous literature review. Through the literature review, we understand that the theoretical research on express regional logistics strategic alliance currently start, and the way to form alliance of express industry in some regions is just actively exploring, such as "Express Logistics Supermarket" co-established by Shanghai Express. However, the theory on express company how to form regional logistics alliance strategy very lacks, but also a lack of empirical research articles.
In the second part, from the perspective of integration of resources, the study will explore how the express company to form regional logistics alliance strategy based on the theory of strategic alliances, and put forward the definition of regional logistics strategic alliances, then analyze the advantages and disadvantages of regional logistics strategic alliance. In this paper, the regional logistics alliance strategy is defined as "the alliances is established between the non-postal express delivery and logistics company engaged in business enterprises in the same city within a certain region in the domestic express delivery market". We can from the alliance through a joint venture to set up new companies or investors cross-shareholdings, or protocol and agreement to achieve the integration of resources and obtaining common market status. At the same time, the regional logistics alliance strategy has the advantages of reducing costs, reducing risk and high flexibility, but also the disadvantages of speculative behavior and difficult to implement shortcomings.
In the third part, this paper research the factors impacting the form of the regional logistics alliance strategy respectively form the strategic alliance partnerships, strategic alliances organizational factors, strategic alliances motivation factors, and the acceptable levels of strategic alliance. The strategic alliance partnership mainly include mutual trust relationship, mutual commitment relationship, coordination interaction relationship, communication, and the unity of purpose, etc.; the strategic alliance organizational factors mainly consists the specific rights and responsibilities of the alliance members, the alliance members attached great importance to the alliance, alliance formalized and so on; the strategic alliance motives factors mainly include economic motives, strategy motivation and marketing motivation; the acceptable levels of strategic alliance factors main include reducing operating costs, improving logistics delivery efficiency, improving customer satisfaction and speeding up communication among the supplier with the help of the alliance.
The fourth part will establish the dynamic model to form regional logistics alliance strategy of the express company after the analysis of the market macroeconomic conditions and the operating status of the express company.
In the fifth part, the paper count and generalize questionnaire designed to study the factors impacting regional logistics alliance strategy by using a questionnaire survey and statistical analysis method, and the statistical results show the existing literature and the results of this argument. In the same time, this paper texts the correlation among the strategic alliance partnerships, strategic alliances organizational factors, strategic alliances motivation factors, and the acceptable levels of strategic alliance, and then builds the structural equation conceptual model and mathematical model of the factors in forming regional logistics alliance strategy of the express company. On this analysis, we draw conclusions and propose some proposal for the formation of regional logistics strategic alliance in order to provide a theoretical basis and practical management recommendations for express industry organization and decision-makers in express company.
第一部分,对与本文研究相关的区域物流、资源整合、策略联盟方向进行文献综述,研究目前理论以及实务发展现状,同时对区域物流策略联盟整体的研究情况进行文献综述。通过文献综述,了解到目前对快递公司区域物流策略联盟的理论研究还在起步阶段,部分区域的快递行业也在积极探索联盟形成的方式,如上海市快递公司联合组建的“快递物流超市”就是一种策略联盟模式的探索。然而对于快递公司区域物流策略联盟形成研究的理论知识研究比较欠缺,更缺乏实证研究的文章。
第二部分,运用战略联盟理论,从资源整合的角度,对我国快递公司区域物流策略联盟的形成进行探索,并提出区域物流策略联盟的定义,并分析区域物流策略联盟的优缺点。本文对区域物流策略联盟的界定为国内快递市场中的非邮政快递物流企业和从事同城快递业务的企业在一定区域内,通过建立一定的策略联盟。联盟可以通过共同出资成立新公司、或是结盟各方相互投资且批次持有对方的股权、或是形成功能性协定策略联盟来达到整合资源,共同取得市场经营地位的联盟。同时区域物流策略联盟具有减低成本、降低风险和高的组织弹性的优点,又存在这成员的投机行为以及管理监督难以实施的缺点。
第三部分,分别从策略联盟伙伴关系、策略联盟组织因素、策略联盟动因因素、策略联盟认可程度四个方面对快递公司区域物流策略联盟形成因素进行研究。策略联盟伙伴关系因素主要包含相互信任关系、相互承诺关系、互动协调关系、意见沟通、目标一致关系等；策略联盟组织因素主要包含联盟成员权利与责任具体化、联盟组织成员对联盟的高度重视、联盟组织正式化等；策略联盟动因因素主要包含经济动机、策略动机和市场动机；策略联盟认可程度因素主要包含联盟能够帮助成员降低运营成本、提高物流运送效率、提高顾客满意度、加快与上游供应商的沟通速度等等。
第四部分,通过对市场宏观条件以及快递公司目前的运营现状的分析,建立快递公司区域物流策略联盟形成的动力模型。
第五部分,采用问卷调查、统计分析的方法,对本文研究我国快递公司区域物流策略联盟形成影响因素所设计的问卷进行统计验证与归纳,统计结果验证了本文已有文献和本文论点的结果；本文运用结构方程模型验证了我国快递公司区域物流策略联盟形成影响因素即策略联盟伙伴关系、策略联盟组织因素、策略联盟动因因素、策略联盟认可程度之间的相关性,并构建了我国快递公司区域物流策略联盟形成影响因素的结构方程概念模型和数理模型。通过对我国快递公司区域物流策略联盟形成影响因素的结构方程数理模型的分析,得出结论,提出区域物流策略联盟形成的建议,为快递业管理机构和快递公司决策管理者提供理论基础和实践建议。
As the opening up of China's domestic express logistics industry gradually, China's domestic express logistics enterprises, compared with foreign-funded express logistic enterprises, show those backward logistics technology and lower logistics efficiency. What's more, the overall logistic efficiency is at a lower level because of duplication within the same region. Thus, in the context of logistics industry rejuvenation and development, this study will research the possibility that express logistics enterprises form regional logistics alliance strategy in the application of sociology, organizational behavior, economics, and systems theory. On this basis, the study will also research the factors in motivating the regional logistics alliance strategy's formation. Then, the relationship of the motivation factors will be studied by structural equation modeling. These above are precisely the issues to be focused in the "express enterprise forming regional logistics alliance strategy" structural equation modeling.
The first part of this study will review the relevant theory including regional logistics, resource integration, and strategic alliance. And the study also research how the development of those theory and practice impact forming regional logistics alliance strategy based on previous literature review. Through the literature review, we understand that the theoretical research on express regional logistics strategic alliance currently start, and the way to form alliance of express industry in some regions is just actively exploring, such as "Express Logistics Supermarket" co-established by Shanghai Express. However, the theory on express company how to form regional logistics alliance strategy very lacks, but also a lack of empirical research articles.
In the second part, from the perspective of integration of resources, the study will explore how the express company to form regional logistics alliance strategy based on the theory of strategic alliances, and put forward the definition of regional logistics strategic alliances, then analyze the advantages and disadvantages of regional logistics strategic alliance. In this paper, the regional logistics alliance strategy is defined as "the alliances is established between the non-postal express delivery and logistics company engaged in business enterprises in the same city within a certain region in the domestic express delivery market". We can from the alliance through a joint venture to set up new companies or investors cross-shareholdings, or protocol and agreement to achieve the integration of resources and obtaining common market status. At the same time, the regional logistics alliance strategy has the advantages of reducing costs, reducing risk and high flexibility, but also the disadvantages of speculative behavior and difficult to implement shortcomings.
In the third part, this paper research the factors impacting the form of the regional logistics alliance strategy respectively form the strategic alliance partnerships, strategic alliances organizational factors, strategic alliances motivation factors, and the acceptable levels of strategic alliance. The strategic alliance partnership mainly include mutual trust relationship, mutual commitment relationship, coordination interaction relationship, communication, and the unity of purpose, etc.; the strategic alliance organizational factors mainly consists the specific rights and responsibilities of the alliance members, the alliance members attached great importance to the alliance, alliance formalized and so on; the strategic alliance motives factors mainly include economic motives, strategy motivation and marketing motivation; the acceptable levels of strategic alliance factors main include reducing operating costs, improving logistics delivery efficiency, improving customer satisfaction and speeding up communication among the supplier with the help of the alliance.
The fourth part will establish the dynamic model to form regional logistics alliance strategy of the express company after the analysis of the market macroeconomic conditions and the operating status of the express company.
In the fifth part, the paper count and generalize questionnaire designed to study the factors impacting regional logistics alliance strategy by using a questionnaire survey and statistical analysis method, and the statistical results show the existing literature and the results of this argument. In the same time, this paper texts the correlation among the strategic alliance partnerships, strategic alliances organizational factors, strategic alliances motivation factors, and the acceptable levels of strategic alliance, and then builds the structural equation conceptual model and mathematical model of the factors in forming regional logistics alliance strategy of the express company. On this analysis, we draw conclusions and propose some proposal for the formation of regional logistics strategic alliance in order to provide a theoretical basis and practical management recommendations for express industry organization and decision-makers in express company.
引文
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