基于GSM的空调远程嵌入式控制器的研究
|
摘要
末端装置是中央空调系统中数量最多的设备,现有的中央空调系统的末端空调控制,是基于现场总线或独立控制器的控制方式,设备运行是按固定调度时间或手动现场控制。但它只适用于负荷和作息时间固定的用户,如何根据用户的实际需求、环境温湿度来灵活调整末端空调启停时间,实现远程的空调预开闭控制,是实现中央空调系统节能和提高舒适度的关键。
本文分析了中央空调系统的构成及空气调节原理,研究出了中央空调系统末端装置的最佳启停控制策略,它根据空调上次运行的温升曲线、实际环境条件来确定空调的实际开闭时间。在确定的控制策略基础上,以三星S3C2410为中央处理器和Linux嵌入式操作系统为基础,设计完善了嵌入式控制器,完成了驱动硬件和电源匹配电路的设计,基于上述硬件平台,建立了中央空调系统末端装置嵌入式控制器软件开发的交叉编译环境,并完成了对Linux内核裁剪与编译、根文件系统的建立、应用程序的设计和控制器软件的总体设计。在此基础上,完成了设备最佳启停控制算法子程序、温度回路控制数字增量式PID控制算法子程序、温度采样滤波子程序、调节阀驱动子程序及SIM卡通信子程序的嵌入式软件开发。它可以根据用户需求,通过手机短信方式,实现空调的远程控制。
对于上述的研究成果,在实验室的中央空调系统实物模型上进行了测试,实验结果表明,该控制器可以通过手机以短信方式对末端控制风阀进行远程控制,根据用户希望达到舒适度的时间和希望的温度条件,以及目前的环境温度,自动调节设备的启动和停止时间,既节约了能源又提高了空调的舒适性。
The terminal device is the most numerous used equipment in heating ventilating and air-conditioning(HVAC) system.The existing terminal air-conditioning control of HVAC system is based on bus-mastering or independent controller,and running of the equipment is controlled according to a fixed scheduling time or manual field control.However,it only applies to those users who have regular work and rest schedules.Flexible adjustment of the start-stop time of the terminal air-conditioning according to users' actual needs and the environmental temperature and humidity,as well as its remote control of pre-start-stop are keys to save energy and improve comfort of the HVAC system.
The structure of the HVAC system and its air conditioning theory are analyzed,and the optimal strategy of start-stop control for terminal devices of the HVAC system is developed,with which the actual start and stop times are determined based on the temperature curve of last running and the actual environmental conditions.Based on the above-mentioned control strategy,the embedded controller as well as the driving hardware and power matching circuit are designed using Samsung S3C2410 CPU and Linux embedded operating system.Based on the hardware platform mentioned above,the cross-compiling environment of software development is established for the embedded controller of terminal devices of the HVAC system.Further more,clipping and compiling of the Linux kernel,establishment of the root file system,design of application programs, and overall design of controlling software are accomplished.On this basis,the embedded software is developed for optimal start-stop control algorithm of the equipments,digital incremental PID control algorithm subroutine of the temperature loop control,subroutine of temperature sampling filtering,subroutine of the adjusting valve driving,and subroutine of SIM card communications.Remote control of air-conditioning can be realized by means of cell phone messages according to users' demands.
To test the above-mentioned controller,experiments are made on the experimental HVAC model in the laboratory,with the results indicating that the controller can remotely control the terminal air valve by means of cell phone messages.Furthermore,this controller can automatically adjust the equipments' start and stop times according to users' expected time of achieving comfort and temperature conditions,as well as the current environmental temperature and humidity,save energy while improving comfort level of the air conditioning.
本文分析了中央空调系统的构成及空气调节原理,研究出了中央空调系统末端装置的最佳启停控制策略,它根据空调上次运行的温升曲线、实际环境条件来确定空调的实际开闭时间。在确定的控制策略基础上,以三星S3C2410为中央处理器和Linux嵌入式操作系统为基础,设计完善了嵌入式控制器,完成了驱动硬件和电源匹配电路的设计,基于上述硬件平台,建立了中央空调系统末端装置嵌入式控制器软件开发的交叉编译环境,并完成了对Linux内核裁剪与编译、根文件系统的建立、应用程序的设计和控制器软件的总体设计。在此基础上,完成了设备最佳启停控制算法子程序、温度回路控制数字增量式PID控制算法子程序、温度采样滤波子程序、调节阀驱动子程序及SIM卡通信子程序的嵌入式软件开发。它可以根据用户需求,通过手机短信方式,实现空调的远程控制。
对于上述的研究成果,在实验室的中央空调系统实物模型上进行了测试,实验结果表明,该控制器可以通过手机以短信方式对末端控制风阀进行远程控制,根据用户希望达到舒适度的时间和希望的温度条件,以及目前的环境温度,自动调节设备的启动和停止时间,既节约了能源又提高了空调的舒适性。
The terminal device is the most numerous used equipment in heating ventilating and air-conditioning(HVAC) system.The existing terminal air-conditioning control of HVAC system is based on bus-mastering or independent controller,and running of the equipment is controlled according to a fixed scheduling time or manual field control.However,it only applies to those users who have regular work and rest schedules.Flexible adjustment of the start-stop time of the terminal air-conditioning according to users' actual needs and the environmental temperature and humidity,as well as its remote control of pre-start-stop are keys to save energy and improve comfort of the HVAC system.
The structure of the HVAC system and its air conditioning theory are analyzed,and the optimal strategy of start-stop control for terminal devices of the HVAC system is developed,with which the actual start and stop times are determined based on the temperature curve of last running and the actual environmental conditions.Based on the above-mentioned control strategy,the embedded controller as well as the driving hardware and power matching circuit are designed using Samsung S3C2410 CPU and Linux embedded operating system.Based on the hardware platform mentioned above,the cross-compiling environment of software development is established for the embedded controller of terminal devices of the HVAC system.Further more,clipping and compiling of the Linux kernel,establishment of the root file system,design of application programs, and overall design of controlling software are accomplished.On this basis,the embedded software is developed for optimal start-stop control algorithm of the equipments,digital incremental PID control algorithm subroutine of the temperature loop control,subroutine of temperature sampling filtering,subroutine of the adjusting valve driving,and subroutine of SIM card communications.Remote control of air-conditioning can be realized by means of cell phone messages according to users' demands.
To test the above-mentioned controller,experiments are made on the experimental HVAC model in the laboratory,with the results indicating that the controller can remotely control the terminal air valve by means of cell phone messages.Furthermore,this controller can automatically adjust the equipments' start and stop times according to users' expected time of achieving comfort and temperature conditions,as well as the current environmental temperature and humidity,save energy while improving comfort level of the air conditioning.
引文
[1]清华大学建筑节能研究中心.中国建筑节能年度发展研究报告2007.中国建筑工业出版社,2007,5.
[2]宋立国,王文庆.家用小型中央空调的现状与前景分析.科技信息,2009,3:426.
[3]Astrom K J,Hang C C,Persson P,et al.Towards Intellegent PID control.Automatic,1992,28(1):1-9.
[4]潘洪亮.基于LonWorks网络暖通空调系统控制器优化的研究.2009,2.
[5]羊梅,李春茂,徐利梅.基于现场总线中央空调控制系统的构建.成都航空职业技术学院学报,2009,3(1):49-51.
[6]孟敏,朱华畏,吴芳萍.RS485总线在网络化中央空调控制中的应用.供热制冷,2003,8:29-31.
[7]徐小勇,张侃谕.基于CAN总线的节能中央空调控制系统的开发.微型电脑应用,2007,23(7):38-43.
[8]王辰熙,郭芳瑞.基于现场总线的模块式中央空调控制系统.国内外机电一体化技术,2009,2:30-32.
[9]李小红.基于PIC16C54单片机的家用空调远程控制系统.安庆师范学院学报(自然科学版),2006,8(3):51-53.
[10]王亚晓.基于电话网的家用电器远程控制系统的设计.现代电子技术,2007,21:124-126.
[11]熊运塔,申雪营,王划一.基于以太网的中央空调远程控制系统设计.PLC&FA,2009,6:67-69.
[12]荷小玉.无线局域网技术与应用.电讯科学,2003,3:42-45.
[13]杨向东.基于嵌入式无线局域网接入控制器研究与实现.哈尔滨理工大学,2005,3.
[14]高传善,毛迪林,曹袖.数据通信与计算机网络.第2版.北京:高等教育出版社,2004.
[15]Porret A,Melly T,Enz C C,et al.A Low-Power Low-Voltage Transceiver Architecture Suitable for Wireless Distributed Sensors Network.IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems'00,Geneva,2000,1:56-59.
[16]王殊,阎毓杰等.无线传感器网络的理论及应用.第1版.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2007.
[17]Thomas Haug.Overview of GSM:Philosophy and results.International Journal of Wireless Information Networks.1994,1:7-16.
[18]Multi-Tech Systems,Inc.Socket Modem GSM/GPRS Developer's Guide.Version B.USA.Multi-Tech Systems,Inc.2004.
[19]Michel Mouly,Marie-Bernadette Pautet.Mobile Communications Advanced Systems and Components.Heidelberg:Springer Berlin,1994.
[20]Yi-Bing Lin.GSM Point-to-Point Short Message Service.International Journal of Wireless Information Networks.1997,4(4):249-256.
[21]Adrian Atanasiu.A class of coders based on GSM.Acta Informatica.1992,29(8):779-791.
[22]Zoran Salcic,Edwin Chan.Mobile Station Positioning Using GSM Cellular Phone and Artificial Neural Networks.Wireless Personal Communications.2000,14(3):235-254.
[23]陈琦,丁天怀,李成等.基于GPRS/GSM的低功耗无线远程测控终端设计.清华大学学报报(自然科学版),2009,49(2):223-225.
[24]胡淳焓,王伟平,陈武.基于GSM MODEM的天气播报系统的设计和实现.农业网络信息,2009,9:108-110.
[25]张迎春,毛新东.基于GSM模块的DS18820组网多点巡回测温系统的研究和设计.电气自动化,2009,31(1):59-71.
[26]胡温静,赵裕繁,陈添丁.基于GSM模块的移动购物系统设计.现代电子技术,2009,15:48-54.
[27]杨艇,何明华,苏凌杰等.基于虚拟串口的GPS/GSM远程定位技术.现代电子技术,2009,17:152-155.
[28]方武.基于GSM网络汽车报警系统设计.现代电子技术,2009,17:197-199.
[29]许海热.嵌入式系统技术与应用.北京:机械工业出版社,2002:2-100.
[30]俞建新,王健,宋健建.嵌入式系统基础教程.北京:机械工业出版社,2008.
[31]Ed Sutter.Embedded Systems Firmware Demystified.America:CMP Books,CMP Media LLc,2002:27-29.
[32]Arnold B.Embedded Systems Design.北京:电子工业出版社,2005:25-27.
[33]梅德成.户式中央空调的系统类型及应用分析.山西建筑,2007,33(23):181-182.
[34]赵荣义.简明空调设计手册.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2006,2:66-69.
[35]王建明,李训铭.变风量系统空调房间建模与特性参数估算.计算机仿真,2002,19(4):69-72.
[36]Irtishad Ahmad,Berrin Tansel,Jose D.Mitrani.Effectiveness of HVAC Duct Cleaning Procedures in Improving Indoor Air Quality.Environmental Monitoring and Assessment.2001,72(3).
[37]李金川.空调制冷安装调试手册.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2006,2:9-36.
[38]刘旭,冯玉琪.实用空调技术精华.北京:人民邮电出版社,2001.
[39]Ed Sutter.Embedded System Firmware Demystified.America:CMP Books Media LLc,2002:27-29.
[40]王田苗,魏洪兴.嵌入式系统设计与实例开发.北京:清华大学出版社,2008.
[41]Frank V,Tony G.Embedded System Design:A Unified Hardware/ Software Approach.Department of Computer Science and Engineering,University of California,Fall 1999,1:48-49.
[42]嵌入式系统的应用领域.工业自动化技术文摘,http://www.gkong.com/learn/learndetail.asp?learn_id=16120.2009.
[43]朱珍民,隋雪青,段斌.嵌入式实时操作系统及其应用开发.北京邮电大学出版社,2006,12:20-24.
[44]朱居正,高冰.Red Hat Linux 9系统管理.北京:清华大学出版社,2007.
[45]魏洪兴,胡亮,曲学楼.嵌入式系统设计与实例开发实验教材Ⅱ-基于ARM 9微处理器与Linux操作系统.北京:清华大学出版社,2005.
[46]PanagopoulosH,Astrom K J,Hagglund T.Design of PID Controllers Based on Constrained Optimization.Proceedings of the American Control Conference,1999:35-37.
[47]胡寿松.自动控制原理(第四版).北京:科学出版社,2001:222-236.
[48]吴宏鑫,沈少萍.PID控制的应用与理论依据.控制工程,2003,1.
[49]蔡尚峰.自动控制理论.北京:机械工业出版社,1980:50-60.
[50]杨彦竹,魏兵,边立秀等.模糊自整定PID控制在VAV末端装置中的应用.制冷与空调,2005,3.
[51]王伟,张晶涛,柴天佑.PID参数先进整定方法综述.自动化学报,2000,3.
[52]高传善,毛迪林,曹袖.数据通信与计算机网络.北京:高等教育出版社,2004.
[53]SIMCOM L td.SIM300 hardware specification.SIMCOM Ltd.2006.
[2]宋立国,王文庆.家用小型中央空调的现状与前景分析.科技信息,2009,3:426.
[3]Astrom K J,Hang C C,Persson P,et al.Towards Intellegent PID control.Automatic,1992,28(1):1-9.
[4]潘洪亮.基于LonWorks网络暖通空调系统控制器优化的研究.2009,2.
[5]羊梅,李春茂,徐利梅.基于现场总线中央空调控制系统的构建.成都航空职业技术学院学报,2009,3(1):49-51.
[6]孟敏,朱华畏,吴芳萍.RS485总线在网络化中央空调控制中的应用.供热制冷,2003,8:29-31.
[7]徐小勇,张侃谕.基于CAN总线的节能中央空调控制系统的开发.微型电脑应用,2007,23(7):38-43.
[8]王辰熙,郭芳瑞.基于现场总线的模块式中央空调控制系统.国内外机电一体化技术,2009,2:30-32.
[9]李小红.基于PIC16C54单片机的家用空调远程控制系统.安庆师范学院学报(自然科学版),2006,8(3):51-53.
[10]王亚晓.基于电话网的家用电器远程控制系统的设计.现代电子技术,2007,21:124-126.
[11]熊运塔,申雪营,王划一.基于以太网的中央空调远程控制系统设计.PLC&FA,2009,6:67-69.
[12]荷小玉.无线局域网技术与应用.电讯科学,2003,3:42-45.
[13]杨向东.基于嵌入式无线局域网接入控制器研究与实现.哈尔滨理工大学,2005,3.
[14]高传善,毛迪林,曹袖.数据通信与计算机网络.第2版.北京:高等教育出版社,2004.
[15]Porret A,Melly T,Enz C C,et al.A Low-Power Low-Voltage Transceiver Architecture Suitable for Wireless Distributed Sensors Network.IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems'00,Geneva,2000,1:56-59.
[16]王殊,阎毓杰等.无线传感器网络的理论及应用.第1版.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2007.
[17]Thomas Haug.Overview of GSM:Philosophy and results.International Journal of Wireless Information Networks.1994,1:7-16.
[18]Multi-Tech Systems,Inc.Socket Modem GSM/GPRS Developer's Guide.Version B.USA.Multi-Tech Systems,Inc.2004.
[19]Michel Mouly,Marie-Bernadette Pautet.Mobile Communications Advanced Systems and Components.Heidelberg:Springer Berlin,1994.
[20]Yi-Bing Lin.GSM Point-to-Point Short Message Service.International Journal of Wireless Information Networks.1997,4(4):249-256.
[21]Adrian Atanasiu.A class of coders based on GSM.Acta Informatica.1992,29(8):779-791.
[22]Zoran Salcic,Edwin Chan.Mobile Station Positioning Using GSM Cellular Phone and Artificial Neural Networks.Wireless Personal Communications.2000,14(3):235-254.
[23]陈琦,丁天怀,李成等.基于GPRS/GSM的低功耗无线远程测控终端设计.清华大学学报报(自然科学版),2009,49(2):223-225.
[24]胡淳焓,王伟平,陈武.基于GSM MODEM的天气播报系统的设计和实现.农业网络信息,2009,9:108-110.
[25]张迎春,毛新东.基于GSM模块的DS18820组网多点巡回测温系统的研究和设计.电气自动化,2009,31(1):59-71.
[26]胡温静,赵裕繁,陈添丁.基于GSM模块的移动购物系统设计.现代电子技术,2009,15:48-54.
[27]杨艇,何明华,苏凌杰等.基于虚拟串口的GPS/GSM远程定位技术.现代电子技术,2009,17:152-155.
[28]方武.基于GSM网络汽车报警系统设计.现代电子技术,2009,17:197-199.
[29]许海热.嵌入式系统技术与应用.北京:机械工业出版社,2002:2-100.
[30]俞建新,王健,宋健建.嵌入式系统基础教程.北京:机械工业出版社,2008.
[31]Ed Sutter.Embedded Systems Firmware Demystified.America:CMP Books,CMP Media LLc,2002:27-29.
[32]Arnold B.Embedded Systems Design.北京:电子工业出版社,2005:25-27.
[33]梅德成.户式中央空调的系统类型及应用分析.山西建筑,2007,33(23):181-182.
[34]赵荣义.简明空调设计手册.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2006,2:66-69.
[35]王建明,李训铭.变风量系统空调房间建模与特性参数估算.计算机仿真,2002,19(4):69-72.
[36]Irtishad Ahmad,Berrin Tansel,Jose D.Mitrani.Effectiveness of HVAC Duct Cleaning Procedures in Improving Indoor Air Quality.Environmental Monitoring and Assessment.2001,72(3).
[37]李金川.空调制冷安装调试手册.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2006,2:9-36.
[38]刘旭,冯玉琪.实用空调技术精华.北京:人民邮电出版社,2001.
[39]Ed Sutter.Embedded System Firmware Demystified.America:CMP Books Media LLc,2002:27-29.
[40]王田苗,魏洪兴.嵌入式系统设计与实例开发.北京:清华大学出版社,2008.
[41]Frank V,Tony G.Embedded System Design:A Unified Hardware/ Software Approach.Department of Computer Science and Engineering,University of California,Fall 1999,1:48-49.
[42]嵌入式系统的应用领域.工业自动化技术文摘,http://www.gkong.com/learn/learndetail.asp?learn_id=16120.2009.
[43]朱珍民,隋雪青,段斌.嵌入式实时操作系统及其应用开发.北京邮电大学出版社,2006,12:20-24.
[44]朱居正,高冰.Red Hat Linux 9系统管理.北京:清华大学出版社,2007.
[45]魏洪兴,胡亮,曲学楼.嵌入式系统设计与实例开发实验教材Ⅱ-基于ARM 9微处理器与Linux操作系统.北京:清华大学出版社,2005.
[46]PanagopoulosH,Astrom K J,Hagglund T.Design of PID Controllers Based on Constrained Optimization.Proceedings of the American Control Conference,1999:35-37.
[47]胡寿松.自动控制原理(第四版).北京:科学出版社,2001:222-236.
[48]吴宏鑫,沈少萍.PID控制的应用与理论依据.控制工程,2003,1.
[49]蔡尚峰.自动控制理论.北京:机械工业出版社,1980:50-60.
[50]杨彦竹,魏兵,边立秀等.模糊自整定PID控制在VAV末端装置中的应用.制冷与空调,2005,3.
[51]王伟,张晶涛,柴天佑.PID参数先进整定方法综述.自动化学报,2000,3.
[52]高传善,毛迪林,曹袖.数据通信与计算机网络.北京:高等教育出版社,2004.
[53]SIMCOM L td.SIM300 hardware specification.SIMCOM Ltd.2006.