游梁式抽油机系统动力学分析及节能控制策略研究
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摘要
目前,伴随着石油能源的不断开采,我国的油田必须借助抽油机开采。在抽油机中,以有杆泵采油装置最为常见,尤其以常规游梁式抽油机的使用最为普遍。游梁式抽油机因其结构简单、耐用、操作方便、维护费用低等明显优势,一直占据着有杆泵采油地面设备的主导地位,但其效率低下、耗能严重、无法克服“大马拉小车”等一系列固有缺点一直制约着石油工业的发,已经不适应当今经济的发展要求。
油田耗能严重的现状已经引起了国内外的广泛关注。面对当今世界能源紧张的局面,提高油田采油效率,降低采油能耗已经刻不容缓。
本文一方面重点分析了油井耗能机理,在对常规游梁式抽油机井上系统做了详细的动力学分析的基础上,找到了抽油机耗能机理,并找到了后续设计的液压蓄能节能系统的控制依据；另一方面在对比分析了目前使用较为普遍的抽油机节能措施的基础上,提出了液压蓄能节能系统方案,并对此系统做了详细的设计,提出了系统的控制策略。现分别简要介绍各章节内容如下：
第1章简要介绍了本论文的课题来源及研究目的意义,同时对抽油机节能方面的国内外研究现状做了简要概括。
第2章重点对游梁式抽油机井上系统的三大模块原动机、减速器、抽油机主体在SIMULINK环境下做了动力学仿真,并做了相关分析,寻求抽油机耗能机理,为后续节能系统设计提供依据。通过与现场测试数据的对比分析,验证了所建立的游梁式抽油机系统模型的正确性。
第3章在对比分析了各种抽油机节能措施基础上,重点介绍了液压蓄能节能系统的方案,并对液压系统、机械系统中的重要部件做了介绍,最后,对系统的控制策略提出了自己的看法。
第4章从电动机负载率的提高、抽油机平衡状况的改善两方面对采用液压蓄能节能系统前后电动机的工作状态进行了分析,优化了游梁式抽油机系统,预计了其节能效果。
第5章对全文做了总结,并提出了后续研究的工作重点。
At present, accompanied with the continuing exploitation of petroleum energy, Chinese oil fields have to utilize Pumping Units. So far as Pumping Unit is concerned, Rod Pumping Unit, especially Beam Pumping Unit, is the most common device, which covers a wide application range, because of its obvious merits covering simple structure, durable performance, operation convenience as well as low maintenance cost. However, its inherent demerits in eluding low efficiency, high energy waste has constrained the development of the oil industry and no longer met the need of current economical development.
Serious energy dissipation in oil fields has attracted widespread research interests domestically and abroad. In the face of the world energy crisis, there is no time to wait for increasing the efficiency of oil extraction and decreasing the energy dissipation of Pumping Unit.
This dissertation, on one hand, has analyzed the energy dissipation mechanism of Pumping Unit, and found the reason for the energy dissipation of Pumping Unit along with the control basis for the following design of Hydraulic Energy-Accumulation System; on the other hand, it has put forward a program on Hydraulic Energy-Accumulation System on the basis of comparative analysis of energy-saving measures which are widely used in Pumping Units now. At the same time, it has made a detailed design of the system, and put forward a control strategy. A brief summary of the chapters are as follows:
Chapter 1 has briefly introduced the origin of the task and the meaning and proposes of the research. Meanwhile, it has generalized the research state on the aspects of the energy-saving of Pumping Unit domestically and abroad.
Chapter 2 focuses on the Dynamic Simulation of three main parts of Beam Pumping Unit:Motor, Reducer and Main Body, by the software of SIMULINK and seeks the mechanism of energy dissipation according to relative analysis. The results provide a good basis for the sequential design of Hydraulic Energy-Accumulation System. By comparison with the measured data, it has verified the correctness of Beam Pumping Unit Dynamic Model.
Chapter 3 firstly presents the scheme of Hydraulic Energy-Accumulation System; secondly, it recommends the paramount components of Hydraulic System and Mechanical System; and eventually it brings forward personal views about control strategy. All of these are based on the comparative analysis of diversified energy-saving measures of Pumping Unit.
Chapter 4 analyzes the working state of motor whether it adopts Hydraulic Energy-Accumulation System at two aspects:enhancing the Load Rate of motor and improving the Balance state of the Pumping Unit, which improves the performance of the Beam Pumping Unit System, and estimates its energy-saving effect.
Chapter 5 summarizes the dissertation, and proposes the follow-up research focus.
油田耗能严重的现状已经引起了国内外的广泛关注。面对当今世界能源紧张的局面,提高油田采油效率,降低采油能耗已经刻不容缓。
本文一方面重点分析了油井耗能机理,在对常规游梁式抽油机井上系统做了详细的动力学分析的基础上,找到了抽油机耗能机理,并找到了后续设计的液压蓄能节能系统的控制依据；另一方面在对比分析了目前使用较为普遍的抽油机节能措施的基础上,提出了液压蓄能节能系统方案,并对此系统做了详细的设计,提出了系统的控制策略。现分别简要介绍各章节内容如下：
第1章简要介绍了本论文的课题来源及研究目的意义,同时对抽油机节能方面的国内外研究现状做了简要概括。
第2章重点对游梁式抽油机井上系统的三大模块原动机、减速器、抽油机主体在SIMULINK环境下做了动力学仿真,并做了相关分析,寻求抽油机耗能机理,为后续节能系统设计提供依据。通过与现场测试数据的对比分析,验证了所建立的游梁式抽油机系统模型的正确性。
第3章在对比分析了各种抽油机节能措施基础上,重点介绍了液压蓄能节能系统的方案,并对液压系统、机械系统中的重要部件做了介绍,最后,对系统的控制策略提出了自己的看法。
第4章从电动机负载率的提高、抽油机平衡状况的改善两方面对采用液压蓄能节能系统前后电动机的工作状态进行了分析,优化了游梁式抽油机系统,预计了其节能效果。
第5章对全文做了总结,并提出了后续研究的工作重点。
At present, accompanied with the continuing exploitation of petroleum energy, Chinese oil fields have to utilize Pumping Units. So far as Pumping Unit is concerned, Rod Pumping Unit, especially Beam Pumping Unit, is the most common device, which covers a wide application range, because of its obvious merits covering simple structure, durable performance, operation convenience as well as low maintenance cost. However, its inherent demerits in eluding low efficiency, high energy waste has constrained the development of the oil industry and no longer met the need of current economical development.
Serious energy dissipation in oil fields has attracted widespread research interests domestically and abroad. In the face of the world energy crisis, there is no time to wait for increasing the efficiency of oil extraction and decreasing the energy dissipation of Pumping Unit.
This dissertation, on one hand, has analyzed the energy dissipation mechanism of Pumping Unit, and found the reason for the energy dissipation of Pumping Unit along with the control basis for the following design of Hydraulic Energy-Accumulation System; on the other hand, it has put forward a program on Hydraulic Energy-Accumulation System on the basis of comparative analysis of energy-saving measures which are widely used in Pumping Units now. At the same time, it has made a detailed design of the system, and put forward a control strategy. A brief summary of the chapters are as follows:
Chapter 1 has briefly introduced the origin of the task and the meaning and proposes of the research. Meanwhile, it has generalized the research state on the aspects of the energy-saving of Pumping Unit domestically and abroad.
Chapter 2 focuses on the Dynamic Simulation of three main parts of Beam Pumping Unit:Motor, Reducer and Main Body, by the software of SIMULINK and seeks the mechanism of energy dissipation according to relative analysis. The results provide a good basis for the sequential design of Hydraulic Energy-Accumulation System. By comparison with the measured data, it has verified the correctness of Beam Pumping Unit Dynamic Model.
Chapter 3 firstly presents the scheme of Hydraulic Energy-Accumulation System; secondly, it recommends the paramount components of Hydraulic System and Mechanical System; and eventually it brings forward personal views about control strategy. All of these are based on the comparative analysis of diversified energy-saving measures of Pumping Unit.
Chapter 4 analyzes the working state of motor whether it adopts Hydraulic Energy-Accumulation System at two aspects:enhancing the Load Rate of motor and improving the Balance state of the Pumping Unit, which improves the performance of the Beam Pumping Unit System, and estimates its energy-saving effect.
Chapter 5 summarizes the dissertation, and proposes the follow-up research focus.
引文
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[14]Fujin Li, Jianguo Shi. Research of Reactive Power Dynamic Compensation Controller for Oil-field Motor Control.Automation. Robotics and Vision,2006. ICARCV'06.9th International Conference on 5-8 Dec.2006 Page(s):1-4.
[15]Gibbs, S.G.; Miller, D.L.; Inferring power consumption and electrical performance from motor speed in oil-well pumping units. Petroleum and Chemical Industry Conference,1995. Record of Conference Papers, Industry Applications Society 42nd Annual; 11-13 Sept.1995 Page(s):277-283.
[16]Durham, M.O.; Lockerd, C.R.; Effect of cyclic loading on motor efficiency Industry Applications. IEEE Transactions on Volume 24, Issue 6, Nov.-Dec.1988 Page(s):1153-1159.
[17]Li Hongsheng; Wang Yu; Ding Yongzhong; Peng Zhongxiao;Implementation of Network-computing and NN based Remote Real-time Oil Well Monitoring System. Neural Networks and Brain,2005. ICNN & B'05. International Conference on Volume 3,13-15 Oct.2005 Page(s):1810-1814.
[18]Kini, P.G.; Sreedhar, P.N.; Efficient Utilization of Electrical Energy in Pumping Operations Based on Existing Conditions-A Case Study. TENCON 2005 2005 IEEE Region 10.21-24 Nov.2005Page(s):1-4.
[19]杨耕,罗应立,等.电机与运动控制系统[M].清华大学出版社,2006：128-135.
[20]高景德,王祥珩,李发海.交流电机及其系统的分析[M].清华大学出版社,1993：53-58.
[21]施阳,严卫生,李俊,郑会永,等.MATLAB语言精要及动态仿真工具SIMULINK[M].西北工业大学出版社,1997：89-121.
[22]胡岩,武建文,李德成等.小型电动机现代实用设计技术[M].机械工业出版社,2008：84-89.
[23]刘洪智,郭东.异行游梁式抽油机[M].石油工业出版社,1997：8-36.
[24]佘建初,王茵.工程力学[M].科学出版社,2003：8-12.
[25]何生厚,张琪.石油与天然气工程学——油气开采工程[M].中国石油出版社,2003：145-158.
[26]王艳艳.节能式游梁抽油机动力学分析[J].油气田地面工程,2007,26：8-9.
[27]刘明尧,吴修德,汪建华.游梁式抽油机精确动力学分析的新方法[J].石油机械,1997,25：4-7.
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