基于嵌入式的无线手持监测系统的设计与实现
摘要
随着数字信息技术、网络技术、嵌入式技术的高速发展,人们物质生活水平的不断提高,信息化社会正在逐步改变人们的生活方式与工作习惯。同时,无线网络的日益发展为许多领域带来了巨大的变化,也在测控领域提出了新的挑战,智能监测也随之诞生。
本文将ZigBee技术与ARM技术结合,以嵌入式无线手持终端的设计与应用为背景,对手持系统的国内外发展现状进行了分析,根据实际需要提出了ZigBee+ARM+Linux的嵌入式平台设计方案。该平台可以作为嵌入式手持设备的二次开发平台,为实际应用提供了很好的开发起点。
论文充分考虑到实际应用中智能监测系统对集中监测显示、近距离访问的需求,以及低成本实现的实际需要,设计了以无线ZigBee技术组成网络体系总体结构,并且满足了功耗低,成本低,网络容量大等要求。论文主要研究的内容如下：
(1)分析了系统进行的可行性,介绍了手持式无线监测终端设计的总体方案。包括简要的理论基础,处理器和开发板的选型,系统性能参数的设定。
(2)研究了Linux操作系统平台的构建过程,建立了嵌入式系统交叉编译环境,进行了Linux内核配置和移植,完成了系统驱动程序的加载、根文件系统的制作等,编写了Linux系统下串口读写操作,为系统开发打下了基础。
(3)研究了嵌入式图形化界面以及Qtopia开发的关键技术。尤其是在开发板上进行操作系统、嵌入式文件系统和嵌入式数据库的移植,实现了支持触摸功能的QT/E在硬件平台上的移植。在应用程序方面,本次设计选择用Qtopia2.2编写用户界面和无线网络监测数据分析的应用程序,最终完成对整个嵌入式手持系统的搭建。
(4)研究了ZigBee无线通信协议,对ZigBee协议的层次,网络拓扑结构,设备的路由做了深入的研究,结合监测需要实现了一种近距离无线网络的应用。
该系统具有良好的人机交互界面和灵敏的检测功能,良好的可移植性和扩展性,可以根据具体要求方便的在ZigBee模块和ARM板上进行扩充以实现更多的功能。
People's living standard has been improving with the high-speed development of digital information technology, internet technology, and embedded technology. The information technology community is gradually changing people's way of life with work habits, but also posed a challenge to the monitoring technology, intelligent security monitoring also come about.
This article combined ZigBee with ARM technologies to the embedded wireless terminal design and application of the background, the development of handheld device analyzes the current situation at home and abroad, according to the actual needs of the ZigBee ARM Linux for embedded platforms for the program. The platform can be used as the customized development of embedded handheld device platform for practical applications a good starting point for development.
Full account of the practical application in the Intelligent terminal of the centralized control, remote access needs, and low cost of the actual needs, design a wireless ZigBee technology the overall structure of a network system, and meet the low power consumption, low cost, network-capacity requirements. Major research paper reads as follows:
(1) Analyzing the possibility of the system, including brief theoretical basis, processor and development board/and the system performance parameter settings.
(2) Of the Linux operating system platform for building process, build cross-compiler environment for embedded systems, conducted a Linux kernel configuration and migration, to complete the system loads the driver, making the root file system, etc., prepared under the Linux system, read the serial port write operation, the foundation for the system development.
(3) Of the graphical interface, and Qtopia embedded key technology. Especially in the development board for the operating system, embedded file system and embedded database migration, implementation support touch function QT/E on the hardware platform migration. In the application procedures, this design choice prepared with Qtopia2.2 wireless network monitoring user interface and data analysis applications, the final completion of the embedded handheld platform.
(4) Of the ZigBee wireless communication protocol, the level of the ZigBee protocol, network topology, routing equipment, deeply research, combined with monitoring need to realize a star network applications.
This system has a nice man-machine communication interface and sensitive detection, good Portability and expansibility; specific requirements can be easily expanded in ZigBee and ARM in order to achieve more.
本文将ZigBee技术与ARM技术结合,以嵌入式无线手持终端的设计与应用为背景,对手持系统的国内外发展现状进行了分析,根据实际需要提出了ZigBee+ARM+Linux的嵌入式平台设计方案。该平台可以作为嵌入式手持设备的二次开发平台,为实际应用提供了很好的开发起点。
论文充分考虑到实际应用中智能监测系统对集中监测显示、近距离访问的需求,以及低成本实现的实际需要,设计了以无线ZigBee技术组成网络体系总体结构,并且满足了功耗低,成本低,网络容量大等要求。论文主要研究的内容如下：
(1)分析了系统进行的可行性,介绍了手持式无线监测终端设计的总体方案。包括简要的理论基础,处理器和开发板的选型,系统性能参数的设定。
(2)研究了Linux操作系统平台的构建过程,建立了嵌入式系统交叉编译环境,进行了Linux内核配置和移植,完成了系统驱动程序的加载、根文件系统的制作等,编写了Linux系统下串口读写操作,为系统开发打下了基础。
(3)研究了嵌入式图形化界面以及Qtopia开发的关键技术。尤其是在开发板上进行操作系统、嵌入式文件系统和嵌入式数据库的移植,实现了支持触摸功能的QT/E在硬件平台上的移植。在应用程序方面,本次设计选择用Qtopia2.2编写用户界面和无线网络监测数据分析的应用程序,最终完成对整个嵌入式手持系统的搭建。
(4)研究了ZigBee无线通信协议,对ZigBee协议的层次,网络拓扑结构,设备的路由做了深入的研究,结合监测需要实现了一种近距离无线网络的应用。
该系统具有良好的人机交互界面和灵敏的检测功能,良好的可移植性和扩展性,可以根据具体要求方便的在ZigBee模块和ARM板上进行扩充以实现更多的功能。
People's living standard has been improving with the high-speed development of digital information technology, internet technology, and embedded technology. The information technology community is gradually changing people's way of life with work habits, but also posed a challenge to the monitoring technology, intelligent security monitoring also come about.
This article combined ZigBee with ARM technologies to the embedded wireless terminal design and application of the background, the development of handheld device analyzes the current situation at home and abroad, according to the actual needs of the ZigBee ARM Linux for embedded platforms for the program. The platform can be used as the customized development of embedded handheld device platform for practical applications a good starting point for development.
Full account of the practical application in the Intelligent terminal of the centralized control, remote access needs, and low cost of the actual needs, design a wireless ZigBee technology the overall structure of a network system, and meet the low power consumption, low cost, network-capacity requirements. Major research paper reads as follows:
(1) Analyzing the possibility of the system, including brief theoretical basis, processor and development board/and the system performance parameter settings.
(2) Of the Linux operating system platform for building process, build cross-compiler environment for embedded systems, conducted a Linux kernel configuration and migration, to complete the system loads the driver, making the root file system, etc., prepared under the Linux system, read the serial port write operation, the foundation for the system development.
(3) Of the graphical interface, and Qtopia embedded key technology. Especially in the development board for the operating system, embedded file system and embedded database migration, implementation support touch function QT/E on the hardware platform migration. In the application procedures, this design choice prepared with Qtopia2.2 wireless network monitoring user interface and data analysis applications, the final completion of the embedded handheld platform.
(4) Of the ZigBee wireless communication protocol, the level of the ZigBee protocol, network topology, routing equipment, deeply research, combined with monitoring need to realize a star network applications.
This system has a nice man-machine communication interface and sensitive detection, good Portability and expansibility; specific requirements can be easily expanded in ZigBee and ARM in order to achieve more.
引文
[1]何立民.嵌入式系统的定义与发展历史[J].北京：单片机与嵌入式系统应用,2004,(1)：15-16
[2]Zheng J., Myung J. Lee. A comprehensive performance study of IEEE 802.15.4, Sensor Network Operations,2006,4:218-223
[3]瞿雷,刘盛德.ZigBeeE技术及应用[M].北京：北京航空航天大学出版社,2007：9-10
[4]饶星,尹在哲.基于ZigBee技术的放射源保安系统[C].第十三届全国核电子学与核探测技术学术年会论文集,2006：488-492
[5]李王辉.ZigBee在电力信息管理系统中的应用[D].天津大学硕士论文,2008
[6]吴俊君.智能楼宇门禁系统研究与实现[J].安防科技,2008,(2)：45-47
[7]杜晓通.无线传感器网络技术与工程应用[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2010：23-25
[8]Khan M., Amini R., Misic J. The Cost of Security:Performance of ZigBee Key Exchange Mechanism in an 802.15.4 Beacon-Enabled Cluster. Mobile Adhoc and Sensor Sysetems (MASS),2006:876-881
[9]杜春雷.ARM体系机构与编程[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2003：1-7
[10]S3C2410X32-Bit RISC Microprocessor User's Manual [S]. SAMSUNG Electronics Revision 2003:56-58
[11]孙天泽,袁文菊,张海峰等编著.嵌入式设计及Linux驱动指南——基于ARM9处理器[M].北京：电子工业出版社,2005：182-210
[12]Wireless Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications for Low-Rate Wireless Personal Area Networks (LR-WPANs) [C]. IEEE, Std,802.15.4. IEEE Computer Society,2003.
[13]Andreas Andersson, Mattias Thoren. ZigBee:A suitable base for embedded wireless development. Sweden:Chalmers University of Technology,2004
[14]Jim Gifford, Ryan Oliver. Cross-Compiled Linux From Scratch[M]. Version 1.0.0-x86.
[15]Karim Yaghmour.构建嵌入式Linux系统(O'Reilly Taiwan公司译)[M].北京：中国电力出版社,2004：99-104
[16]Daniel P Bovet, Marco Cesati. Understanding the Linux Kernel, Third Edition[M]. USA: O'Reilly,2005:68-70
[17]马忠梅,李善平.ARM&Linux嵌入式系统教程[M].北京：北京航空航天大学出版社,2004：33-36
[18]韦东山.嵌入式Linux应用开发完全手册[M].北京：人民邮电出版社,2008：415-417
[19]孙纪坤,张小全.嵌入式Linux系统开发技术详解——基于ARM[M].北京：人民邮电出版社,2006：180-181
[20]孙琼.嵌入式Linux应用程序开发详解[M].北京：人民邮电大学出版社,2008：308-309
[21]倪继利.Qt及Linux操作系统窗口设计[M].北京：电子工业出版社,2006：212
[22]Trolltech. Signals and Slots [EB/OL]. http://doc. trolltech. com/3.0/signalsandslots.html
[23]袁鹏飞译.24小时学通Qt编程[M].北京：人民邮电出版社,2000：202-206
[24]Trolltech. QWidget Class Reference [EB/OL]. http://doc. trolltech. com/3.0/qwidget.html.
[25]Theo Pavilidis, Kevin Hunter. Using Color in the X Window System Versus Mierosoft Windows[C]:Partl. IEEE Computer Graphics and Application, November/December 1998
[26]Qtopia-Internationalization, Qtopia document[EB/OL], QTOPIADIR/doc/qtopia/i18n. html
[27]优龙科技公司.Qt嵌入式图形开发[S].深圳：深圳市优龙公司.2004.6
[28]刘森.嵌入式系统接口设计与Linux驱动程序开发[M].北京：北京航空航天大学出版社,2006：211-215
[29]廖日坤.ARM嵌入式应用开发技术白金手册[M].北京：中国电力出版社,2005：292-294
[30]魏永明,钟书毅,潘伟国.Linux/uClinux+MiniGUI：嵌入式系统开发原理、工具及过程[M].北京：北京飞漫软件技术有限公司,2005：177-178
[31]Jasmin Blanchette, Mark Summerfield, Prentice Hall PTR. C++ GUI Programming with Qt4[M].2007:134-141
[32]刘峥嵘,张智超,许振山等.嵌入式Linux应用开发详解[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2004：196-199,250-255
[33]Jonathan Corbet, Alessandro Rubini, Greg Kroah-Hartman著(魏永明,耿岳,钟书毅译).Linux设备驱动程序[M].北京：中国电力出版社,2006：48-53
[34]周立功,陈明计,陈渝.嵌入式LINUX系统构建与驱动开发范例[M].北京：北京航空航天大学出版社,2006：113-117
[35]李俊.嵌入式Linux设备驱动开发详解[M].北京：人民邮电出版社,2008：219-214
[36]优龙科技公司.FS2410开发板使用手册[S].深圳：深圳市优龙公司,2006.
[37]Zieckey. sqlite3.0.8嵌入式数据库的ARM-Linux移置详解.http://blog.chinaunix.net/ showart_385695. html.
[38]黄布毅,张晓华.基于ARM-Linux的SQLite嵌入式数据库技术[J].北京：单片机与嵌入式系统应用,2005,30(4)：21-24
[39]张广斌,宫金林,陈爽.SQLite嵌入式数据库系统的研究与实现[J].北京：单片机与嵌入式系统应用,2008,(06)
[40]李驹光,聂雪媛,江泽明.ARM应用系统开发详[M]解.北京：清华大学出版社,2003：104-106
[41]王田苗.嵌入式系统设计与实例开发[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2002：205-210
[42]李文仲,段朝玉.ZigBee2007/PRO协议栈实验与实践[M].北京：北京航空航天大学出版社,2009：44-47
[43]Ana Carolina de Sousa Silva, Aldo Ivan C'espedes Arce, S'ergio Souto. A wireless floating base sensor network for physiological responses of livestock [J]. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture,2005:246-254
[44]Jennic. JN-RM-2021-BOS-Operating-System-3vl,2007
[45]Patrick Kinney. ZigBee Technology:Wireless Control that Simply Works, Communications Design Conference,2003
[46]Jennic. JN-RM-2017-ZigBee DeviceProfileAPI-lv3,2007
[47]SENSIRION公司.SHT1x/SHT7x Relative Humidity & Temperature Sensor System[S], 2004
[48]Jennic. JN-RM-2018-ZigBeeAppFramnework-API-1v5,2007
[2]Zheng J., Myung J. Lee. A comprehensive performance study of IEEE 802.15.4, Sensor Network Operations,2006,4:218-223
[3]瞿雷,刘盛德.ZigBeeE技术及应用[M].北京：北京航空航天大学出版社,2007：9-10
[4]饶星,尹在哲.基于ZigBee技术的放射源保安系统[C].第十三届全国核电子学与核探测技术学术年会论文集,2006：488-492
[5]李王辉.ZigBee在电力信息管理系统中的应用[D].天津大学硕士论文,2008
[6]吴俊君.智能楼宇门禁系统研究与实现[J].安防科技,2008,(2)：45-47
[7]杜晓通.无线传感器网络技术与工程应用[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2010：23-25
[8]Khan M., Amini R., Misic J. The Cost of Security:Performance of ZigBee Key Exchange Mechanism in an 802.15.4 Beacon-Enabled Cluster. Mobile Adhoc and Sensor Sysetems (MASS),2006:876-881
[9]杜春雷.ARM体系机构与编程[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2003：1-7
[10]S3C2410X32-Bit RISC Microprocessor User's Manual [S]. SAMSUNG Electronics Revision 2003:56-58
[11]孙天泽,袁文菊,张海峰等编著.嵌入式设计及Linux驱动指南——基于ARM9处理器[M].北京：电子工业出版社,2005：182-210
[12]Wireless Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications for Low-Rate Wireless Personal Area Networks (LR-WPANs) [C]. IEEE, Std,802.15.4. IEEE Computer Society,2003.
[13]Andreas Andersson, Mattias Thoren. ZigBee:A suitable base for embedded wireless development. Sweden:Chalmers University of Technology,2004
[14]Jim Gifford, Ryan Oliver. Cross-Compiled Linux From Scratch[M]. Version 1.0.0-x86.
[15]Karim Yaghmour.构建嵌入式Linux系统(O'Reilly Taiwan公司译)[M].北京：中国电力出版社,2004：99-104
[16]Daniel P Bovet, Marco Cesati. Understanding the Linux Kernel, Third Edition[M]. USA: O'Reilly,2005:68-70
[17]马忠梅,李善平.ARM&Linux嵌入式系统教程[M].北京：北京航空航天大学出版社,2004：33-36
[18]韦东山.嵌入式Linux应用开发完全手册[M].北京：人民邮电出版社,2008：415-417
[19]孙纪坤,张小全.嵌入式Linux系统开发技术详解——基于ARM[M].北京：人民邮电出版社,2006：180-181
[20]孙琼.嵌入式Linux应用程序开发详解[M].北京：人民邮电大学出版社,2008：308-309
[21]倪继利.Qt及Linux操作系统窗口设计[M].北京：电子工业出版社,2006：212
[22]Trolltech. Signals and Slots [EB/OL]. http://doc. trolltech. com/3.0/signalsandslots.html
[23]袁鹏飞译.24小时学通Qt编程[M].北京：人民邮电出版社,2000：202-206
[24]Trolltech. QWidget Class Reference [EB/OL]. http://doc. trolltech. com/3.0/qwidget.html.
[25]Theo Pavilidis, Kevin Hunter. Using Color in the X Window System Versus Mierosoft Windows[C]:Partl. IEEE Computer Graphics and Application, November/December 1998
[26]Qtopia-Internationalization, Qtopia document[EB/OL], QTOPIADIR/doc/qtopia/i18n. html
[27]优龙科技公司.Qt嵌入式图形开发[S].深圳：深圳市优龙公司.2004.6
[28]刘森.嵌入式系统接口设计与Linux驱动程序开发[M].北京：北京航空航天大学出版社,2006：211-215
[29]廖日坤.ARM嵌入式应用开发技术白金手册[M].北京：中国电力出版社,2005：292-294
[30]魏永明,钟书毅,潘伟国.Linux/uClinux+MiniGUI：嵌入式系统开发原理、工具及过程[M].北京：北京飞漫软件技术有限公司,2005：177-178
[31]Jasmin Blanchette, Mark Summerfield, Prentice Hall PTR. C++ GUI Programming with Qt4[M].2007:134-141
[32]刘峥嵘,张智超,许振山等.嵌入式Linux应用开发详解[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2004：196-199,250-255
[33]Jonathan Corbet, Alessandro Rubini, Greg Kroah-Hartman著(魏永明,耿岳,钟书毅译).Linux设备驱动程序[M].北京：中国电力出版社,2006：48-53
[34]周立功,陈明计,陈渝.嵌入式LINUX系统构建与驱动开发范例[M].北京：北京航空航天大学出版社,2006：113-117
[35]李俊.嵌入式Linux设备驱动开发详解[M].北京：人民邮电出版社,2008：219-214
[36]优龙科技公司.FS2410开发板使用手册[S].深圳：深圳市优龙公司,2006.
[37]Zieckey. sqlite3.0.8嵌入式数据库的ARM-Linux移置详解.http://blog.chinaunix.net/ showart_385695. html.
[38]黄布毅,张晓华.基于ARM-Linux的SQLite嵌入式数据库技术[J].北京：单片机与嵌入式系统应用,2005,30(4)：21-24
[39]张广斌,宫金林,陈爽.SQLite嵌入式数据库系统的研究与实现[J].北京：单片机与嵌入式系统应用,2008,(06)
[40]李驹光,聂雪媛,江泽明.ARM应用系统开发详[M]解.北京：清华大学出版社,2003：104-106
[41]王田苗.嵌入式系统设计与实例开发[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2002：205-210
[42]李文仲,段朝玉.ZigBee2007/PRO协议栈实验与实践[M].北京：北京航空航天大学出版社,2009：44-47
[43]Ana Carolina de Sousa Silva, Aldo Ivan C'espedes Arce, S'ergio Souto. A wireless floating base sensor network for physiological responses of livestock [J]. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture,2005:246-254
[44]Jennic. JN-RM-2021-BOS-Operating-System-3vl,2007
[45]Patrick Kinney. ZigBee Technology:Wireless Control that Simply Works, Communications Design Conference,2003
[46]Jennic. JN-RM-2017-ZigBee DeviceProfileAPI-lv3,2007
[47]SENSIRION公司.SHT1x/SHT7x Relative Humidity & Temperature Sensor System[S], 2004
[48]Jennic. JN-RM-2018-ZigBeeAppFramnework-API-1v5,2007