基于“3S”技术的广西海岸带变化研究
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摘要
海岸带地处海陆之交,拥有丰富的自然资源、优越的自然环境和特殊的地理位置,是人类活动最活跃和最集中的重要区域,对人类的生存和发展发挥着巨大的作用。在自然因素和人类活动的双重影响下,海岸带资源和环境遭到严重破坏,阻碍着经济社会的可持续发展。因此,采用现代化的技术方法,快速地获取海岸带动态变化信息,加强海岸带的监测研究与综合管理,对促进海岸带社会经济的协调发展具有十分重要的现实作用。
广西海岸带处于我国大陆海岸线的最西端,也是我国西部唯一的出海口,有着重要的战略位置。本文以此为研究区,选用四种遥感图像和相关辅助数据,通过对影像空间与地理空间映射关系的分析,增强海岸带各种专题信息,根据海域、滩地、陆域地物在遥感图像中的光谱响应特征,利用多种遥感图像分类技术,进行海岸带变化信息提取:充分利用遥感图像的光谱特征,利用K-T变换和植被指数提取技术,分类提取出了滩地地物信息;运用多步骤分专题信息提取的分类方法,研究了广西沿海地区30年来土地利用/覆盖方式的变化规律;在此基础上,以GIS技术为支持,将提取的海岸带变化信息加以综合,从空间和时间等方面揭示其变化规律;最后从人为和自然两个角度,研究了海岸带环境变化的动力机制,并分析了海岸带脆弱性的特点及成因,为广西海岸带的合理开发利用提供了科学依据。
Coastal Zone is located at the turn of land and sea, rich in natural resources, excellent natural environment and special geographical location, which is the most active and most important region of human activity, and brings a great role to human survival and development. In the double influence of natural factors and human activities, coastal zone resources and environment have been seriously damaged, and is counterworking the economic and social continuable development. Therefore, using modern technique to fleetly obtain the coastal zone dynamic change information, to strengthen the coastal zones monitoring research and integrated management, which takes quite important practical effect to promote the coordinated development of the society and economic.
Guangxi coastal zone is located at the western end of Chinese shoreline, which is the only access to the sea for western China, so it has an important strategic position. This paper takes it as the study area, selects four types of remote sensing imagery and related ancillary data, enhances the coastal zone all kinds of thematic information by the analysis of image space and geo-spatial relationship; According to the spectral response characteristics of sea, beach, land surface features in remote sensing image, makes use of many remote sensing classification technology to extract the coastal zone change information: Takes full advantage of the spectral characteristics of remote sensing images, uses the technology of K-T transform and vegetation extract index, classifies and extractes the culture information on the beach;manages multi-step stratified classification mothod to research 30 years of land use / cover changes rule in coastal areas of Guangxi; On this basis, takes GIS technology to put the extracted coastal zone change information together, from space and time postes its change rule; Finally from the two views of man- made and natural, researches the dynamic mechanism of coastal zone environmental changes and analyzes the characteristics and causes of coastal zone vulnerability. It provides scientific reference for the rational development and utilization of Guangxi coastal zone.
广西海岸带处于我国大陆海岸线的最西端,也是我国西部唯一的出海口,有着重要的战略位置。本文以此为研究区,选用四种遥感图像和相关辅助数据,通过对影像空间与地理空间映射关系的分析,增强海岸带各种专题信息,根据海域、滩地、陆域地物在遥感图像中的光谱响应特征,利用多种遥感图像分类技术,进行海岸带变化信息提取:充分利用遥感图像的光谱特征,利用K-T变换和植被指数提取技术,分类提取出了滩地地物信息;运用多步骤分专题信息提取的分类方法,研究了广西沿海地区30年来土地利用/覆盖方式的变化规律;在此基础上,以GIS技术为支持,将提取的海岸带变化信息加以综合,从空间和时间等方面揭示其变化规律;最后从人为和自然两个角度,研究了海岸带环境变化的动力机制,并分析了海岸带脆弱性的特点及成因,为广西海岸带的合理开发利用提供了科学依据。
Coastal Zone is located at the turn of land and sea, rich in natural resources, excellent natural environment and special geographical location, which is the most active and most important region of human activity, and brings a great role to human survival and development. In the double influence of natural factors and human activities, coastal zone resources and environment have been seriously damaged, and is counterworking the economic and social continuable development. Therefore, using modern technique to fleetly obtain the coastal zone dynamic change information, to strengthen the coastal zones monitoring research and integrated management, which takes quite important practical effect to promote the coordinated development of the society and economic.
Guangxi coastal zone is located at the western end of Chinese shoreline, which is the only access to the sea for western China, so it has an important strategic position. This paper takes it as the study area, selects four types of remote sensing imagery and related ancillary data, enhances the coastal zone all kinds of thematic information by the analysis of image space and geo-spatial relationship; According to the spectral response characteristics of sea, beach, land surface features in remote sensing image, makes use of many remote sensing classification technology to extract the coastal zone change information: Takes full advantage of the spectral characteristics of remote sensing images, uses the technology of K-T transform and vegetation extract index, classifies and extractes the culture information on the beach;manages multi-step stratified classification mothod to research 30 years of land use / cover changes rule in coastal areas of Guangxi; On this basis, takes GIS technology to put the extracted coastal zone change information together, from space and time postes its change rule; Finally from the two views of man- made and natural, researches the dynamic mechanism of coastal zone environmental changes and analyzes the characteristics and causes of coastal zone vulnerability. It provides scientific reference for the rational development and utilization of Guangxi coastal zone.
引文
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